Linux From Scratch

Version 8.1

Created by Gerard Beekmans

Managing Editor: Bruce Dubbs

Copyright © 1999-2017 Gerard Beekmans

Copyright © 1999-2017, Gerard Beekmans

All rights reserved.

This book is licensed under a [Creative Commons License]

Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the [MIT License]

Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

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Table of Contents

• Preface
  • [Foreword]
  • [Audience]
  • [LFS Target Architectures]
  • [LFS and Standards]
  • [Rationale for Packages in the Book]
  • [Prerequisites]
  • [Typography]
  • [Structure]
  • [Errata]
• Introduction
  • [How to Build an LFS System]
  • [What's new since the last release]
  • [Changelog]
  • [Resources]
  • [Help]
• Preparing for the Build
  • Preparing the Host System
    • [Introduction]
    • [Host System Requirements]
    • [Building LFS in Stages]
    • [Creating a New Partition]
    • [Creating a File System on the Partition]
    • [Setting The $LFS Variable]
    • [Mounting the New Partition]
  • Packages and Patches
    • [Introduction]
    • [All Packages]
    • [Needed Patches]
  • Final Preparations
    • [Introduction]
    • [Creating the $LFS/tools Directory]
    • [Adding the LFS User]
    • [Setting Up the Environment]
    • [About SBUs]
    • [About the Test Suites]
  • Constructing a Temporary System
    • [Introduction]
    • [Toolchain Technical Notes]
    • [General Compilation Instructions]
    • [Binutils-2.29 - Pass 1]
    • [GCC-7.2.0 - Pass 1]
    • [Linux-4.12.7 API Headers]
    • [Glibc-2.26]
    • [Libstdc++-7.2.0]
    • [Binutils-2.29 - Pass 2]
    • [GCC-7.2.0 - Pass 2]
    • [Tcl-core-8.6.7]
    • [Expect-5.45]
    • [DejaGNU-1.6]
    • [Check-0.11.0]
    • [Ncurses-6.0]
    • [Bash-4.4]
    • [Bison-3.0.4]
    • [Bzip2-1.0.6]
    • [Coreutils-8.27]
    • [Diffutils-3.6]
    • [File-5.31]
    • [Findutils-4.6.0]
    • [Gawk-4.1.4]
    • [Gettext-0.19.8.1]
    • [Grep-3.1]
    • [Gzip-1.8]
    • [M4-1.4.18]
    • [Make-4.2.1]
    • [Patch-2.7.5]
    • [Perl-5.26.0]
    • [Sed-4.4]
    • [Tar-1.29]
    • [Texinfo-6.4]
    • [Util-linux-2.30.1]
    • [Xz-5.2.3]
    • [Stripping]
    • [Changing Ownership]
• Building the LFS System
  • Installing Basic System Software
    • [Introduction]
    • [Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems]
    • [Package Management]
    • [Entering the Chroot Environment]
    • [Creating Directories]
    • [Creating Essential Files and Symlinks]
    • [Linux-4.12.7 API Headers]
    • [Man-pages-4.12]
    • [Glibc-2.26]
    • [Adjusting the Toolchain]
    • [Zlib-1.2.11]
    • [File-5.31]
    • [Readline-7.0]
    • [M4-1.4.18]
    • [Bc-1.07.1]
    • [Binutils-2.29]
    • [GMP-6.1.2]
    • [MPFR-3.1.5]
    • [MPC-1.0.3]
    • [GCC-7.2.0]
    • [Bzip2-1.0.6]
    • [Pkg-config-0.29.2]
    • [Ncurses-6.0]
    • [Attr-2.4.47]
    • [Acl-2.2.52]
    • [Libcap-2.25]
    • [Sed-4.4]
    • [Shadow-4.5]
    • [Psmisc-23.1]
    • [Iana-Etc-2.30]
    • [Bison-3.0.4]
    • [Flex-2.6.4]
    • [Grep-3.1]
    • [Bash-4.4]
    • [Libtool-2.4.6]
    • [GDBM-1.13]
    • [Gperf-3.1]
    • [Expat-2.2.3]
    • [Inetutils-1.9.4]
    • [Perl-5.26.0]
    • [XML::Parser-2.44]
    • [Intltool-0.51.0]
    • [Autoconf-2.69]
    • [Automake-1.15.1]
    • [Xz-5.2.3]
    • [Kmod-24]
    • [Gettext-0.19.8.1]
    • [Procps-ng-3.3.12]
    • [E2fsprogs-1.43.5]
    • [Coreutils-8.27]
    • [Diffutils-3.6]
    • [Gawk-4.1.4]
    • [Findutils-4.6.0]
    • [Groff-1.22.3]
    • [GRUB-2.02]
    • [Less-487]
    • [Gzip-1.8]
    • [IPRoute2-4.12.0]
    • [Kbd-2.0.4]
    • [Libpipeline-1.4.2]
    • [Make-4.2.1]
    • [Patch-2.7.5]
    • [Sysklogd-1.5.1]
    • [Sysvinit-2.88dsf]
    • [Eudev-3.2.2]
    • [Util-linux-2.30.1]
    • [Man-DB-2.7.6.1]
    • [Tar-1.29]
    • [Texinfo-6.4]
    • [Vim-8.0.586]
    • [About Debugging Symbols]
    • [Stripping Again]
    • [Cleaning Up]
  • System Configuration
    • [Introduction]
    • [LFS-Bootscripts-20170626]
    • [Overview of Device and Module Handling]
    • [Managing Devices]
    • [General Network Configuration]
    • [System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration]
    • [The Bash Shell Startup Files]
    • [Creating the /etc/inputrc File]
    • [Creating the /etc/shells File]
  • Making the LFS System Bootable
    • [Introduction]
    • [Creating the /etc/fstab File]
    • [Linux-4.12.7]
    • [Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process]
  • The End
    • [The End]
    • [Get Counted]
    • [Rebooting the System]
    • [What Now?]
• Appendices
  • [A. Acronyms and Terms]
  • [B. Acknowledgments]
  • [C. Dependencies]
  • [D. Boot and sysconfig scripts version-20170626]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc]
    • [/lib/lsb/init-functions]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvirtfs]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/modules]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/swap]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/setclock]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/checkfs]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/mountfs]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/console]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/localnet]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysctl]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/sysklogd]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/network]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendsignals]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/reboot]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt]
    • [/etc/rc.d/init.d/template]
    • [/etc/sysconfig/modules]
    • [/etc/sysconfig/createfiles]
    • [/etc/sysconfig/udev-retry]
    • [/sbin/ifup]
    • [/sbin/ifdown]
    • [/lib/services/ipv4-static]
    • [/lib/services/ipv4-static-route]
  • [E. Udev configuration rules]
    • [55-lfs.rules]
  • [F. LFS Licenses]
    • [Creative Commons License]
    • [The MIT License]