Improve catalog validation and column statistics

[delucchi-cmu]

In implementing astronomy-commons/lsdb#392, I ran into several issues with the current implementation of validation and column statistics:

• parquet dataset not being loaded for HTTP catalog
• column statistics method on the catalog object
• more extensive testing of validation
• handling non-healpix-datasets (e.g. index tables) in validation logic.

[github-actions]

Before [7783fbf]	After [907752c]	Ratio	Benchmark (Parameter)
90.7±0.7ms	92.8±0.9ms	1.02	benchmarks.MetadataSuite.time_load_partition_join_info
13.1±0.6ms	13.3±0.9ms	1.02	benchmarks.Suite.time_inner_pixel_alignment
22.4±0.2ms	22.7±0.2ms	1.01	benchmarks.MetadataSuite.time_load_partition_info_order6
1.01±0.04ms	1.02±0.03ms	1.01	benchmarks.time_test_cone_filter_multiple_order
381±3ms	381±2ms	1	benchmarks.Suite.time_outer_pixel_alignment
45.3±0.7ms	45.4±0.7ms	1	benchmarks.Suite.time_pixel_tree_creation
93.3±0.8ms	92.4±1ms	0.99	benchmarks.MetadataSuite.time_load_partition_info_order7
110±1ms	109±1ms	0.99	benchmarks.Suite.time_paths_creation
124±1ms	122±3ms	0.98	benchmarks.time_test_alignment_even_sky

Click here to view all benchmarks.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 97.61905% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.69%. Comparing base (7783fbf) to head (00fdca9).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/hats/io/validation.py	97.29%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #404      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.63%   92.69%   +0.05%     
==========================================
  Files          49       49              
  Lines        2092     2095       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits         1938     1942       +4     
+ Misses        154      153       -1     

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[hombit]

Looks good!