chore: update dependency systemd/systemd to v257 - autoclosed

[renovate]

Update Request | Renovate Bot

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Update	Change
systemd/systemd	major	256.8 -> 257

---

Release Notes

systemd/systemd (systemd/systemd)

v257: systemd v257

Compare Source

CHANGES WITH 257:

Incompatible changes:

    * The --purge switch of systemd-tmpfiles (which was added in v256) has
      been reworked: it will now only apply to tmpfiles.d/ lines marked
      with the new "$" flag. This is an incompatible change, and means any
      tmpfiles.d/ files which shall be used together with --purge need to
      be updated accordingly. This change has been made to make it harder
      to accidentally delete too many files when using --purge incorrectly.

    * The systemd-creds 'cat' verb now expects base64-encoded encrypted
      credentials as input, for consistency with the 'decrypt' verb and the
      LoadCredentialEncrypted= service setting. Previously it could only
      read raw, unencoded binary data.

    * Support for automatic flushing of the nscd user/group database caches
      has been dropped.

    * The FileDescriptorName= setting for socket units is now honored by
      Accept=yes sockets too, where it was previously silently ignored and
      "connection" was used unconditionally.

    * systemd-logind now always obeys block inhibitor locks, where previously
      it ignored locks taken by the caller or when the caller was root. A
      privileged caller can always close the other sessions, remove the
      inhibitor locks, or use --force or --check-inhibitors=no to ignore the
      inhibitors. This change thus doesn't affect security, since everything
      that was possible before at a given privilege level is still possible,
      but it should make the inhibitor logic easier to use and understand,
      and also help avoiding accidental reboots and shutdowns. New 'block-weak'
      inhibitor modes were added, if taken they will make the inhibitor lock
      work as in the previous versions. Inhibitor locks can also be taken by
      remote users (subject to polkit policy).

    * systemd-nspawn will now mount the unified cgroup hierarchy into a
      container if no systemd installation is found in a container's root
      filesystem. $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY=0 can be used to override
      this behavior.

    * /dev/disk/by-id/nvme-* block device symlinks without an NVMe
      namespace identifier are now fixed to namespace 1 of the device. If
      no namespace 1 exists for a device no such symlink is
      created. Previously, these symlinks would point to an unspecified
      namespace, and thus not be strictly stable references to
      multi-namespace NVMe devices. These un-namespaced symlinks are mostly
      obsolete, users and applications should always use the ones with
      encoded namespace information instead. This change should not affect
      too many systems, because most NVMe devices only know a namespace 1
      by default.

    * Support for cgroup v1 ('legacy' and 'hybrid' hierarchies) is now
      considered obsolete and systemd by default will ignore configuration
      that enables them. To forcibly reenable cgroup v1 support,
      SYSTEMD_CGROUP_ENABLE_LEGACY_FORCE=1 must additionally be set on the
      kernel command line.

Announcements of Future Feature Removals:

    * The D-Bus method org.freedesktop.systemd1.StartAuxiliaryScope() is
      deprecated because accounting data and such cannot be reasonably
      migrated between cgroups. It is likely to be fully removed in a
      future release (reach out if you have use cases).

    * The recommended kernel baseline version has been bumped to v5.4
      (released in 2019). Expect limited testing on older kernel versions,
      where "old-kernel" taint flag would also be set. Support for them
      will be phased out in a future release in 2025, i.e. we expect to bump
      the minimum baseline to v5.4 then too.

    * The complete removal of support for cgroup v1 ('legacy' and 'hybrid'
      hierarchies) is scheduled for v258.

    * Support for System V service scripts is deprecated and will be
      removed in v258. Please make sure to update your software
      *now* to include a native systemd unit file instead of a legacy
      System V script to retain compatibility with future systemd releases.

    * To work around limitations of X11's keyboard handling systemd's
      keyboard mapping hardware database (hwdb.d/60-keyboard.hwdb) so far
      mapped the microphone mute and touchpad on/off/toggle keys to the
      function keys F20, F21, F22, F23 instead of their correct key codes.
      This key code mangling will be removed in the next systemd release.
      To maintain compatibility with X11 applications that rely on the old
      function key code mappings, this mangling has now been moved to the
      relevant X11 keyboard driver modules. In order to ensure these keys
      continue to work, update to xf86-input-evdev >= 2.11.0 and
      xf86-input-libinput >= 1.5.0 before updating to systemd >= 258.

    * Support for the SystemdOptions EFI variable is deprecated.
      'bootctl systemd-efi-options' will emit a warning when used. It seems
      that this feature is little-used and it is better to use alternative
      approaches like credentials and confexts. The plan is to drop support
      altogether at a later point, but this might be revisited based on
      user feedback.

    * systemd-run's switch --expand-environment= which currently is disabled
      by default when combined with --scope, will be changed in a future
      release to be enabled by default.

libsystemd:

    * systemd's JSON API is now available as public interface of
      libsystemd, under the name "sd-json". The purpose of the library is
      to allow structures to be conveniently created in C code and
      serialized to JSON, and for JSON to be conveniently deserialized into
      in-memory structures, using callbacks to handle specific
      keys. Various data types like integers, floats, booleans, strings,
      UUIDs, base64-encoded and hex-encoded binary data, and arrays are
      supported natively. The library has been part of systemd for a while
      as internal component, and is now made publicly available. One major
      user of sd-json is sd-varlink (see below). Note that the
      documentation of sd-json is very much incomplete for now, but the
      systemd codebase provides plenty real-life code examples.

    * systemd's Varlink IPC API is now available as part of libsystemd,
      under the name "sd-varlink". This library is a C implementation of
      the Varlink IPC system (https://varlink.org/) that has been adopted
      by systemd for various interfaces. It relies on the sd-json JSON
      component, see above. Note that the documentation of sd-varlink is
      very much incomplete for now, but the systemd codebase provides
      plenty real-life code examples.

    * sd-bus gained a new call sd_bus_pending_method_calls() which returns
      the number of currently open asynchronous method calls initiated on
      this connection towards peers.

    * sd-device gained a new call sd_device_monitor_is_running() that
      returns whether the specified monitor object is already running. It
      also gained sd_device_monitor_get_fd(),
      sd_device_monitor_get_events(), sd_device_monitor_get_timeout() and
      sd_device_monitor_receive() to permit sd-device to run on top of a
      foreign event loop implementation. It also gained
      sd_device_get_driver_subsystem() which returns the subsystem of
      driver objects. The new sd_device_get_device_id() call returns a
      short string identifying the device record.

System and Service Management:

    * The environment variable $REMOTE_ADDR is now set when using
      per-connection socket activation for AF_UNIX stream sockets. It
      contains the AF_UNIX peer address of the connection. (Previously the
      environment variable was only set for IP sockets.)

    * Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is now supported as a socket protocol for
      .socket units.

    * A new /etc/fstab option x-systemd.wants= creates "Wants="
      dependencies.  (This is similar to the previously available
      x-systemd.requires=.)

    * The initialization of the system clock during boot and updates has
      been simplified: both PID 1 or systemd-timesyncd will pick the latest
      minimum time as indicated by the compiled-in epoch,
      /usr/lib/clock-epoch, and /var/lib/systemd/timesync/clock. See
      systemd(1) for an detailed updated description.

    * The kernel's Ctrl-Alt-Delete handling is re-enabled during late
      shutdown, so that the user may use it to initiate a reboot if the
      system freezes otherwise.

    * The new value "identity" for the unit setting PrivateUsers= may be
      used to request a user namespace with an identity mapping for the
      first 65536 UIDs/GIDs.  This is analogous to the systemd-nspawn's
      --private-users=identity.

    * The new value "disconnected" for the unit setting PrivateTmp= may be
      used to specify that a separate tmpfs instance should be used for
      /tmp/ and /var/tmp/ for the unit.

    * The server manager (and various other tools too) use pidfds in more
      places to refer to processes.

    * A build option -D link-executor-shared=false can be used to build
      the systemd-executor binary (added in a previous release) in a way
      where it does not link to shared libsystemd-shared-….so library.
      PID1 holds a reference to the executor binary that was on disk when
      the manager was started or restarted, but the shared libraries it is
      linked to are not loaded until the executor binary needs to be used.
      This partial static linking is a workaround for the issue where,
      during upgrades, the old libsystemd-shared-….so may have already
      been removed and the pinned executor binary will just fail to
      execute.

    * The systemd.machine_id= kernel command line parameter interpreted by
      PID 1 now supports an additional special value: if set to "firmware"
      the machine ID is initialized from the SMBIOS/DeviceTree system
      UUID. (Previously this was already done automatically in VM
      environments, this extends the concept to any system, but only on
      explicit request via this option.)

    * The ImportCredential= setting in service unit files now permits
      renaming of credentials as they are imported.

    * The RestartMode= setting gained a new "debug" value. If specified and
      the service fails so that it shall be restarted it is invoked in
      "debugging mode". Debugging mode means that the $DEBUG_INVOCATION
      environment variable will be set to "1" for the new
      invocation. Moreover, any setting LogLevelMax= will be temporarily
      changed to "debug" for the next invocation. This mode is useful to
      automatically repeat invocation of tools in case they fail – but with
      additional logging or testing routines enabled.

    * A new service setting BindLogSockets= has been added that
      controls whether the AF_UNIX sockets required for logging shall be
      bind mounted to the mount sandbox allocated for the service.

    * At early boot, PID 1 will now optionally load a policy for the new
      Linux IPE LSM.

    * Transient services (as invoked by the StartTransientUnit() D-Bus
      method) may now receive additional, arbitrary file descriptors to
      pass to executed service processes during activation using the new
      ExtraFileDescriptor= unit property.

    * Calendar .timer units gained a new boolean DeferReactivation=
      option. If enabled and the repetitive calendar timer elapses again
      while the service the timer activates is still running, immediate
      reactivation of the service once it finishes is skipped, and the
      timer has to elapse again before the service is reactivated.

    * Generator processes invoked by the service manager will now receive a
      new environment variable $SYSTEMD_SOFT_REBOOTS_COUNT that indicates
      how many times the system has been soft-rebooted since the kernel
      initialized.

    * A new service property ManagedOOMMemoryPressureDurationSec= has been
      added that complements the existing
      ManagedOOMMemoryPressureDurationLimit= and specifies the PSI
      measurement interval for the specific unit.

    * The sd_notify() protocol has been extended to allow changing the main
      PID of a process by providing a pidfd of the new main process, or by
      specifying the pidfd inode number. Previously this was only supported
      by specifying the classic UNIX PID, which of course is racy.

    * The SocketUser=/SocketGroup= settings of .socket units are now also
      applied to POSIX message queues.

    * The ProtectControlGroups= unit file setting now supports two
      additional values: if set to "private" a new cgroup namespace is
      allocated for the service and cgroupfs mounted accordingly; if set to
      "strict" a new cgroup namespace is allocated for the service, and
      cgroupfs is mounted read-only for the service.

    * The StateDirectory=, RuntimeDirectory=, CacheDirectory=,
      LogsDirectory=, and ConfigurationDirectory= settings gained support
      for configuring the respective directories as read-only, via a ':ro'
      flag that can be appended to each setting's value.

    * When DynamicUser= is combined with
      StateDirectory=/RuntimeDirectory=/CacheDirectory=/LogsDirectory= and
      ID mapped mounts are available on the referenced path, the data in
      there is now preferably made available by establishing ID mapped from
      the "nobody" user to the dynamic user, rather than via recursive
      chown()ing.

    * A new service property PrivatePIDs= has been added that runs executed
      processes as PID 1 - the init process - within their own PID
      namespace.  PrivatePIDs= also mounts /proc/ so only processes within
      the new PID namespace are visible.

systemd-udevd:

    * udev rules now set 'uaccess' for /dev/udmabuf, giving locally
      logged-in users access to the hardware. This is useful in order to
      support IPMI cameras with libcamera.

    * Serial port devices will no longer show up as systemd units, unless
      they have an IO port or memory assigned to them. This means that only
      serial ports that actually exist should show up as .device units now.

    * mtd devices (i.e. certain kinds of flash memory devices) will now
      show up as .device units in systemd.

    * The firmware_node/sun sysfs attribute will now be used (if available)
      for naming slot-based network interfaces, i.e. ID_NET_NAME_SLOT.
      Moreover the interface aliases specified in DeviceTree are now
      searched for both on the interface's parent device (as before) and
      the device itself (new).

    * Various USB hardware wallets are now recognized by udev via a .hwdb
      file, and get the ID_HARDWARE_WALLET= property set, which enables
      "uaccess" for them, i.e. direct unprivileged access.

    * udevadm info will now output the device ID string in lines prefixed
      with "J:", and the driver subsystem in lines prefixed with "B:".

    * udev rules files now support case-insensitive attribute matching
      (e.g. ATTR{foo}==i"abcd")

systemd-logind:

    * New DesignatedMaintenanceTime= configuration option allows shutdowns
      to be automatically scheduled at the specified time.

    * logind now reacts to Ctrl-Alt-Shift-Esc being pressed. It will send
      out a org.freedesktop.login1.SecureAttentionKey signal, indicating a
      request by the user for the system to display a secure login dialog.
      The handling of SAK can be suppressed in logind configuration.

    * logind now supports handing off session-managed access to hidraw
      devices via its D-Bus APIs, the same way it already supports that for
      DRM and evdev input devices. This permits unprivileged clients to get
      hidraw fds for a device, that are automatically suspended when the
      session switches away.

    * systemd-logind now exposes two D-Bus properties CanLock and CanIdle
      for all sessions. These properties indicate whether the session's
      class supports screen locking and idleness detection.

    * systemd-inhibit now allows interactive polkit authorization. It
      gained a --no-ask-password option to suppress it.

systemd-machined:

    * Unprivileged clients are now allowed to register VMs and containers.
      Machines started via the [email protected] unit will now be
      registered with systemd-machined.

    * systemd-machined gained a pretty complete set of Varlink APIs
      exposing its functionality. This is an alternative to the
      pre-existing D-Bus interface.

systemd-resolved:

    * The resolvconf command now supports '-p' switch. If specified, the
      interface will not be used as the default route for domain name
      lookups.

    * resolvectl now enables interactive polkit authorization. It gained a
      --no-ask-password option to suppress it.

systemd-networkd and networkctl:

    * IPv6 address labels can be also configured in a new [IPv6AddressLabel]
      section with Prefix= and Label= settings in networkd.conf. Please see
      networkd.conf(5) for more details.

    * 'networkctl edit' can now read the new file contents from standard
      input with the new --stdin option.

    * 'networkctl edit' and 'cat' now support editing/showing .netdev files
      by link. 'networkctl cat' can also list all configuration files
      associated with an interface at once with ':all'.

    * networkctl gained a --no-ask-password option to suppress interactive
      polkit authorization.

    * "mac" has been added to the default AlternativeNamesPolicy= setting
      for network links (via 99-default.link). This means "enx*" interface
      names will now be added to the list of alternative interface names by
      default, for all interfaces that have a MAC address assigned
      by hardware.

    * networkd .netdev bridge devices gained a new setting FDBMaxLearned=
      for setting a limit on the number of dynamically learned FDB entries.

    * networkd .network files for bridge devices now support Layer 2 (in
      addition to the pre-existing Layer 3) MDB entries, via
      MulticastGroupAddress=.

    * systemd-networkd will now log when per-network sysctls belonging to
      network interfaces managed by it are changed outside of networkd,
      thus highlighting conflict of ownership/management of these knobs.

    * systemd-networkd will now make RFC9463 DNR fields available to
      systemd-resolved, for automatic DNS DoT configuration, and similar.

    * The "dhcp" and "dhcp-on-stop" values for KeepConfiguration= setting in
      .network file are replaced with "dynamic" and "dynamic-on-stop",
      respectively. When specified, systemd-networkd will preserve all
      dynamic configurations via DHCPv4, DHCPv6, NDISC, and IPv4LL with
      ACD, while previously only DHCPv4 configurations were kept. Also,
      when systemd-networkd is restarted, regardless of the setting, these
      dynamic configurations are unconditionally kept. So, systemd-networkd
      can be restarted without disturbing ongoing connections.

    * systemd-networkd now updates traffic control configuration without
      clearing existing settings. Thus, those settings can be updated by
      editing relevant .network files and triggering 'networkctl reload'.

    * systemd-networkd now gracefully updates netdev settings specified in
      .netdev files when 'networkctl reload' is called. Previously, if the
      relevant interfaces existed, new settings would not be applied. Now,
      new settings will be applied if possible. Some settings cannot be
      updated after a netdev is configured, e.g. VLAN ID can be only
      specified on creation. To change such settings, user needs to remove
      existing interfaces, and invoke 'networkctl reload' or restart
      systemd-networkd.

systemd-boot, systemd-stub, and related tools:

    * The EFI stub now supports loading of .ucode sections with microcode
      from PE add-on files. It also now supports loading .initrd sections
      from PE add-on files.

    * A new .profile PE section type is now documented and supported in
      systemd-measure, ukify, systemd-stub and systemd-boot. These new
      sections allow multiple "profiles" to be stored together in the UKI,
      where each .profile section creates groupings of sections in the UKI,
      allowing some sections to be shared and other sections like .cmdline
      or .initrd unique to the profile. This may be used to provide a
      single UKI that synthesizes multiple menu items in the boot menu (for
      example, a regular one to boot, plus a debugging one, or a factory
      reset one, and so on – which only differ in kernel command line, but
      nothing else).

    * New .dtbauto and .hwids sections are now documented and supported in
      systemd-measure, ukify, systemd-stub, and systemd-boot. A single UKI
      can contain multiple .dtbauto sections, and the 'compatible' string
      therein will be compared with the equivalent field in the DTB
      provided by the firmware, if present. If absent, SMBIOS will be used
      to calculate hardware IDs (CHIDs) and look them up in the content of
      .hwids, hopefully revealing an fallback 'compatible' string. This
      allows including multiple DTBs in a single UKI, with systemd-stub
      automatically loading the correct one for the current hardware.

    * ukify gained an --extend switch to import an existing UKI to
      be extended, and a --measure-base= switch to support measurement
      of multi-profile UKIs.

    * ukify gained a --certificate-provider switch to use an OpenSSL
      provider to load the certificate used to sign artifacts, instead of
      having to provide the path to a file on disk.

    * bootctl, systemd-keyutil, systemd-measure, systemd-repart, and
      systemd-sbsign gained a new --certificate-source switch that allows
      loading the X.509 certificate from an OpenSSL provider instead of a
      file system path.

    * systemd-boot's menu will now react to volume up/down rocker presses
      the same way as to arrow up/down presses: they move the menu item up
      or down. This is useful on device form factors that have only a
      volume rocker but no arrow keys (e.g. phones).

    * systemd-stub will report the partition UUID and image identifier its
      UKI executable is placed on separately from the data systemd-boot
      provides about where to find its own executable, via EFI
      variables. This is useful when systemd-boot and UKIs are placed on
      distinct partitions (i.e. ESP and XBOOTLDR).

    * bootctl gained new switches --print-loader-path and --print-stub-path
      that output the path to the boot loader or UKI used for the current
      boot.

    * bootctl kernel-identify now recognizes EFI add-ons.

    * bootctl gained a --random-seed=yes|no option to control provisioning
      of the random seed file in the ESP. (This is useful when producing an
      image that will be used in multiple instances.)

    * bootctl now optionally supports installing UEFI Secure Boot databases
      (i.e. db/dbx/…  databases in ESL format) for systemd-boot to pick up
      and automatically enroll if the system is booted in Setup Mode. This
      is controlled via bootctl's new --secure-boot-auto-enroll=yes switch
      (and some auxiliary ones). A certificate can be provided in DER
      format, and is automatically converted into an ESL, as needed.

    * bootctl, systemd-measure, systemd-repart when referencing signing
      keys on OpenSSL engines may now query for PINs and similar via
      systemd's native systemd-ask-password logic (and take benefit of its
      caching and UI).

    * A new systemd-sbsign tool has been added, that can be used to sign
      EFI binaries (PE) for Secure Boot. This tool supports OpenSSL engines
      and providers, with pin caching support for PKCS11. ukify supports it
      as an alternative to sbsigntool and pesign.

    * A new systemd-keyutil tool has been added, that can be used to perform
      various operations on private keys and X.509 certificates.

The journal:

    * journalctl can now list invocations of a unit with the
      --list-invocation options and show logs for a specific invocation
      with the new --invocation/-I option. (This is analogous to the
      --list-boots/--boot/-b options.)

systemd-sysupdate and related tools:

    * systemd-sysupdated has been added as system service, allowing
      unprivileged clients to update the system via D-Bus calls. Note that
      for now the systemd-sysupdated API is considered experimental, and is
      not considered stable yet.

      A new updatectl command-line tool can be used to control the
      service.

    * systemd-sysupdate gained a new --offline option to force it to
      operate locally. This is useful when listing locally installed
      versions.

    * systemd-sysupdate gained a new --transfer-source= option to set the
      directory to which transfer sources configured with
      PathRelativeTo=explicit will be interpreted.

    * systemd-sysupdate now reports download progress via sd_notify().

    * systemd-sysupdate now supports output in JSON mode for all commands.

    * systemd-sysupdate definitions may now carry references to ChangeLog
      and AppStream metadata.

    * Transfer definitions for systemd-sysupdate are supposed to carry the
      ".transfer" suffix now, changing from ".conf". The latter remains
      supported for compatibility, but it's recommended to rename all files
      reflecting this suffix change.

    * systemd-sysupdate now supports new ".feature" files that may be
      used in conjunction with ".transfer" files to group them together, and
      allow them to be turned off or on, individually per group.

TPM & systemd-cryptsetup:

    * The 'has-tpm2' verb which reports whether TPM2 functionality is
      available has been moved from systemd-creds to systemd-analyze.

    * systemd-tpm2-setup will gracefully handle TPMs that have a PIN set on
      the TPM, and not attempt to automatically set up a Storage Root Key
      (SRK) in that case.

    * New crypttab option password-cache=yes|no|read-only can be used to
      customize password caching.

    * New crypttab options fido2-pin=, fido2-up=, fido2-uv= can be used to
      enable/disable the PIN query, User Presence check, and User
      Verification.

    * systemd-cryptenroll gained new options --fido2-salt-file= and
      --fido2-parameters-in-header= to simplify manual enrollment of FIDO2
      tokens.

    * systemd-cryptenroll, systemd-repart, and systemd-storagetm gained a
      new --list-devices option to list appropriate candidate block
      devices.

    * systemd-cryptenroll/systemd-cryptsetup now support combined signed
      PCR policies and local systemd-pcrlock policies for unlocking a
      disk. Or in other words, it's now possible to bind unlocking of a
      local disk to a specific OS vendor *and* a locally managed set of
      measurements describing the local system.

varlinkctl:

    * varlinkctl gained a new verb 'list-methods' to show a list of
      methods implemented by a service.

    * varlinkctl gained a --quiet/-q option to suppress method call
      replies.

    * varlinkctl gained a --graceful= option to suppress specific Varlink
      errors, and treat them as success.

    * varlinkctl gained a --timeout= option to limit how long the
      invocation can take.

    * varlinkctl allows remote invocations over ssh, via the new
      "ssh-exec:" address specification. It'll make an ssh connection,
      start the specified executable on the remote side, and communicate
      with the remote process using the Varlink protocol.

      The "ssh:" address specification has been renamed to "ssh-unix:"
      (reflecting the fact it is used to connect to a remote AF_UNIX socket
      via SSH). The old syntax is still supported for backwards
      compatibility.

    * varlinkctl's 'introspect' verb no longer requires specification of an
      interface name. If none is specified all interfaces exposed by the
      service are shown. Moreover, more than one interface name may be
      specified now, in which case all specified ones are displayed.

systemd-repart:

    * systemd-repart's CopyBlocks= directive can now use a character device
      as source (in addition to previously supported regular files and
      block devices). This is useful for initializing a partition from
      /dev/urandom or similar.

    * systemd-repart gained new Compression= and CompressionLevel= settings
      to enable internal compression in filesystems created offline.

    * systemd-repart understands a new MakeSymlinks= option to create one
      or more symlinks (each specified as a symlink name and target) within
      a newly formatted file system.

    * systemd-repart gained a new SupplementFor= setting that allows
      allocating a partition only if some other existing partition cannot
      be adjusted to match the constraints defined for it. This is useful
      to generate an XBOOTLDR partition if and only if an ESP already
      exists that is too small for the required constraints.

    * The default size of verity hash partitions is now automatically
      derived from SizeMaxBytes= of the data partition it is protecting.

systemd-ssh-proxy:

    * systemd-ssh-proxy now also supports the AF_UNIX-based "VSOCK MUX"
      protocol used by CloudHypervisor/Firecracker to expose AF_VSOCK
      sockets of the VM on the host. Or in other words: it's now possible
      to directly connect to ssh via AF_VSOCK from hosts to VMs of these
      two hypervisors (previously this was only supported for hypervisors
      which expose AF_VSOCK on the host as AF_VSOCK, such as qemu).

    * systemd-ssh-proxy can now reference local VMs by their name: connect
      to any local VM "foobar" registered with systemd-machined via "ssh
      machine/foobar" using the AF_VSOCK protocol.

systemd-analyze:

    * systemd-analyze will now show the SMBIOS #​11 vendor strings set for
      the machine with a new 'smbios11' verb.

    * systemd-analyze gained a new --instance= option that can be used to
      provide an instance name to analyze multiple templates instantiated
      with the same instance name.

    * systemd-analyze's "capability" verb now gained a new --mask
      parameter. If specified a numeric capbality mask can be specified
      which is decoded for its contained capabilities.

    * systemd-analyze's "plot" verb gained two new settings: --scale-svg=
      allows the X axis of the split to be stritched by a factor. If
      --detailed is specified activation timestamps are shown in the plot.

busctl:

    * 'busctl monitor' gained new options --limit-messages= and --timeout=
      to set the number of matches or limit the runtime of the command.

    * busctl now supports doing method calls with embedded unix file
      descriptors.

    * busctl acquired a new "wait" command to wait for a specific signal to
      arrive.

systemd-nspawn:

    * systemd-nspawn --bind-user= will now propagate the bound user's SSH
      public key (if included in the user record) into the container,
      ensuring that any such bound user is directly accessible via ssh.

    * systemd-nspawn now supports unprivileged FUSE inside containers.

systemd-importd:

    * A new generator sytemd-import-generator has been added to synthesize
      image download jobs. This provides functionality similar to
      importctl, but is configured via the kernel command line and system
      credentials. It may be used to automatically download sysext,
      confext, portable service, nspawn container or vmspawn VM images at
      boot.

    * systemd-importd now provides a Varlink IPC interface, in addition to
      its existing D-Bus IPC interface.

    * The individual import/export tools will now display a nice progress
      bar when downloading files.

systemd-userdb & systemd-homed:

    * userdbctl gained a pair of switches --uid-min= and --uid-max= to
      filter the UID/GID range of the listed users or groups. It also
      gained a new switch --disposition= to filter them by disposition
      (i.e. show only system users or only regular users, and so on). It
      also gained a new switch --fuzzy that permits a "fuzzy" search for a
      user, i.e. doing a substring and string distance search, and looking
      into the real name field of the user and other similar fields. It
      gained a new switch --boundaries=no for disabling display of the
      UID/GID range boundaries in its output.

    * User records learnt a new set of fields that may list field names
      that may be changed by the user themselves without requiring
      administrator authentication. This new field is honoured by
      systemd-homed to allow users to change selected properties of their
      own user records.

systemd-run & run0:

    * run0 gained a new pair of settings --pty and --pipe that control
      whether to invoke the specified binary on a freshly allocated pseudo
      TTY, or whether to pass the client's STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR through
      directly.

    * run0 gained a new switch --shell-prompt-prefix= that permits passing
      in a string to display on each shell prompt as prefix. If not
      specified otherwise this will show a superhero emoji (🦸), in order
      to visually communicate the temporarily elevated privileges a run0
      session provides. This makes use of the $SHELL_PROMPT_PREFIX
      environment variables mentioned below.

    * systemd-run can output some of its runtime data in JSON format via
      the new --json= option.

systemd-tmpfiles:

    * systemd-tmpfiles --purge switch now requires specification of at
      least one tmpfiles.d/ drop-in file.

    * tmpfiles.d/ files gained a new '?' specifier for the 'L' line type to
      create a symlink only if the source exists, and gracefully skip the
      line otherwise.

Miscellaneous:

    * systemctl now supports the --now option with the 'reenable' verb.

    * systemd-mount can now output JSON with a new --json= switch, for use
      with --list-devices. It also shows the "diskseq" property in the
      block device list.

    * systemd-id128 gained a new 'var-partition-uuid' verb to calculate
      the DPS UUID for /var/ keyed by the local machine-id.

    * localectl gained a -l/--full option to show output without
      ellipsization.

    * timedatectl now supports interactive polkit authorization.

    * The new Linux mseal(), listmount(), statmount() syscalls have been
      added to relevant system call groups.

    * The systemd-ask-password logic has been extended with a per-user
      scope, i.e. user programs may now ask for passwords via the same
      mechanism and the previously system-wide only mechanism.

    * A new set of system/service credentials are added:
      shell.prompt.prefix, shell.prompt.suffix and shell.welcome. At login
      time these are propagated into the $SHELL_PROMPT_PREFIX,
      $SHELL_PROMPT_SUFFIX, $SHELL_PROMPT_WELCOME environment
      variables. These in turn are included in the shell prompt of
      interactive shells and shown at login time, via
      /etc/profile.d/70-systemd-shell-extra.sh. This functionality is
      useful to visually highlight the fact a specific shell prompt
      originates from a specific system, execution context or tool. These
      credentials and environment variables are supposed to be generically
      useful within and outside of the immediate systemd context. It is
      also used by 'run0', see above.

    * New RELEASE_TYPE=, EXPERIMENT=, EXPERIMENT_URL= fields have been
      defined for the /etc/os-release file. For example,
      "RELEASE_TYPE=development|stable|lts" can be used to indicate various
      stages of the release life cycle, and "RELEASE_TYPE=experimental" can
      indicate experimental builds, with the EXPERIMENT= field providing a
      human-readable description of the nature of the experiment.

    * A new sleep.conf HibernateOnACPower= option has been added, which
      when disabled will suppress hibernation in suspend-then-hibernate
      mode until the system is disconnected from a power source.

    * A bunch of patches to ease building against musl have been merged.

    * The various components that display progress bars
      (i.e. systemd-repart, systemd-sysupdate/updatectl, importctl), will
      now also issue the ANSI sequences for progress reports that Windows
      Terminal understands. Most Linux terminals currently do not support
      this sequence (and ignore it), but hopefully this will change one
      day. The progress information is used to display a nice progress
      animation in the terminal tab and icon. For details about the ANSI
      sequence and its effects, see:

      https://github.com/microsoft/terminal/pull/8055
      https://conemu.github.io/en/AnsiEscapeCodes.html#ConEmu_specific_OSC

    * systemd-sysusers is now able to create fully locked user
      accounts. For compatibility it so far created accounts with a locked
      (i.e. invalid) password, but not marked locked as a whole. With the
      new "!" modifier for "u" lines, it is now possible to create fully
      locked accounts. The distinction between accounts with a locked
      password and fully locked accounts is relevant when considering
      non-password forms of authentication, i.e. SSH and such. It is
      strongly recommended to make use of this new feature for almost all
      system accounts, since they usually do not require (and should not
      permit) interactive logins. All of systemd's own system users have
      been changed to be marked as fully locked.

    * systemd-coredump now supports a new EnterNamespace= option, which
      defaults to off. If enabled systemd-coredump will access the mount
      namespace of any crashed process to acquire debug symbol information,
      in order to be able to symbolize backtraces. This option is useful to
      improve backtraces of processes of containerized applications. (Note
      that the host systemd-coredump preferably dispatches coredump
      processing to the container itself, if it supports that. Only full-OS
      containers which run systemd inside will support this however, in
      other cases EnterNamespace= might be an suitable approach to acquire
      symbolized backtraces.)

Contributors

    Special thanks to Nick Owens for bringing attention to and testing
    fixes for issue #​34516.

    Contributions from: 12paper, A. Wilcox, Abderrahim Kitouni,
    Adrian Vovk, Alain Greppin, Allison Karlitskaya, Alyssa Ross,
    Anders Jonsson, Andika Triwidada, Andreas Schwab, Andres Beltran,
    Ani Sinha, Anouk Ceyssens, Anselm Schueler, Anton Golubev,
    Antonio Alvarez Feijoo, Arian van Putten, Arnaud Patard,
    Arthur Shau, Bastien Nocera, Benjamin ROBIN, Brenton Simpson,
    Bryan Gurney, ButterflyOfFire, Carlo Teubner, Celeste Liu,
    Chen Guanqiao, Chen Qi, Chengen Du, Christian Hesse,
    Christoph Anton Mitterer, Colin Foster, Collin L,
    Cristian Rodríguez, Daan De Meyer, Dan Nicholson, Daniel Dawson,
    Daniel Martinez, Daniel P. Berrangé, Daniel Rusek,
    Darsey Litzenberger, David Joaquín Shourabi Porcel,
    David Michael, David Rheinsberg, David Tardon, Davide Cavalca,
    Derek J. Clark, Diego Viola, Dimitrys Meliates, Diogo Ivo,
    Dmytro Markevych, DocNITE, Dominique Martinet,
    Dr. David Alan Gilbert, Edson Juliano Drosdeck, Erik Sjölund,
    Etienne Champetier, Etienne Cordonnier, Ettore Atalan,
    Eugeny Shcheglov, Excited-bore, Fabian Vogt, Federico Giovanardi,
    Filip Lewiński, Florian Schmaus, Franck Bui, Frantisek Sumsal,
    Fábio Rodrigues Ribeiro, Gabriel Elyas, Gaël PORTAY,
    Geraldo S. Simião Kutz, Giovanni Baratta, Greg Heartsfield,
    Gregor Herburger, Gregory Arenius, GwynBleidD, Göran Uddeborg,
    Hans de Goede, Helmut Grohne, Henry Chen, Ian Abbott, Integral,
    Ivan Kruglov, Ivan Shapovalov, James Coglan, James Hilliard,
    James Muir, Jason Yundt, Jeffrey Bosboom, Jian Zhang,
    Jiri Grönroos, Johannes Schneider, John A. Leuenhagen,
    Jose Ignacio Tornos Martinez, JoseskVolpe, Joshua Grisham,
    Jörg Behrmann, Kai-Chuan Hsieh, Kamil Szczęk, Karel Zak,
    Kornilios Kourtis, Kuntal Majumder, Lennart Poettering,
    Lidong Zhong, Luca Boccassi, Lucas Adriano Salles,
    Lucas Werkmeister, Ludwig Nussel, Luke T. Shumaker,
    Lukáš Nykrýn, Luna Jernberg, Léane GRASSER, Maanya Goenka,
    Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc Reisner, Marcel Hellwig, Marco Tomaschett,
    Marin Kresic, Marius Hoch, Martin Srebotnjak, Martin Wilck,
    Mary Strodl, Matteo Croce, Matthias Lisin, Matthias Schiffer,
    Matthieu Baerts (NGI0), Matthieu CHARETTE,
    Mauri de Souza Meneguzzo, Maximilian Wilhelm, Merlin Jehli,
    Michael Ferrari, Michal Koutný, Michal Sekletár, Michał Górny,
    Michele Dionisio, Michiel, Mickaël Salaün, Mike Gilbert,
    Mike Yuan, MkKvcs, Nick Cao, Nick Rosbrook, Nils K, Nova840,
    Oğuz Ersen, Pavel Borecki, PavlNekrasov, Peter Hutterer,
    Peter Rajnoha, Piotr Drąg, Raphaël Mélotte, Renan Guilherme,
    Renjaya Raga Zenta, Ricky Tigg, Riku, Robin Lee, Ronan Pigott,
    Ryan Wilson, Sam James, Sascha Mester, Sean Rhodes,
    Sebastian Gross, Septatrix, Sergey A, ShreyasMahangade,
    Simon Pilkington, Skye Chappelle, Steve Traylen, Stuart Hayhurst,
    SuhailAhmedVelorum, Susant Sahani, Takeo Kondo, Temuri Doghonadze,
    Thomas Blume, Thorsten Kukuk, Thorsten Scherer, Tobias Fleig,
    Tobias Zimmermann, Tom Coldrick, Tom Yan, Tomas Bzatek,
    Topi Miettinen, Tristan F.-R., Uday Shankar, Valentin David,
    Vasiliy Kovalev, Vitaly Kuznetsov, Vito Caputo, Vladimir Panteleev,
    Vursc, Will Fancher, WilliButz, Winterhuman, Xeonacid, Xuanjun Wen,
    Yanqing Jing, Yaron Shahrabani, Yu Watanabe, Yuri Chornoivan,
    ZHANG Yuntian, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zhou Qiankang,
    andre4ik3, anonymix007, bryango, chayleaf, chenjiayi, csp5me, cvlc12,
    fwfy, gerblesh, hugo303, [email protected], jauge-technica,
    lumingzh, maia x., marginaldev, migleeson, nerdopolis, oldherl,
    pyfisch, q66, rajmohan r, reDBo0n, rhellstrom, rindeal, samuelvw01,
    sinus-x, tfg13, vdovhanych, xujing, Łukasz Stelmach,
    Štěpán Němec, Дамјан Георгиевски, 白一百

    — Edinburgh, 2024-12-10

v256.9: systemd v256.9

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