refactor!: Move as_id out of TypeNode (#866)

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<!-- 1. Explain WHAT the change is about -->

Solve
[MET-684](https://linear.app/metatypedev/issue/MET-684/store-the-id-field-in-tstruct-instead-of-in-the-target-type-as-id)
and
[MET-471](https://linear.app/metatypedev/issue/MET-471/parent-injection-use-property-name-instead-of-function-name)
- **common/typegraph**
- [x] Store the id field in `ObjectTypeData` instead of in the target
type (`as_id`)
  - [x] Add `id()` method on `t.integer` and `t.string`
- **typegraph/core**
  - [x] Store `as_id`, `injection` and `policy` in `TypeRef::attribute`
  - [x] Add support for direct and link target in `TypeRef`
  - [x] Only allow name registration for `TypeDef`
- Semantics
- [x] Use property name instead of type name in from_parent injection
source

#### Migration notes
**BREAKING CHANGE**
`from_parent` injections source shall be changed to the key in the
parent `t.struct` instead of the type name.


#### Checklist

- [x] The change comes with new or modified tests
- [x] Hard-to-understand functions have explanatory comments
- [x] End-user documentation is updated to reflect the change

docs/metatype.dev/docs/reference/types/injections.mdx

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ Injection is a mechanism to get the value of a parameter from other sources than
 
 ## Parent
 
-**Description:** Parent injection gets the value output of a sibling field in the parent struct. It adds a dependency to the sibling field, so make sure to prevent circular dependencies.
+**Description:** Parent injection gets the value output of a sibling field (_source_) in the parent struct. It adds a dependency to the sibling field, so make sure to prevent circular dependencies.
 Additionally, it requires that the source type is a [subtype of](/docs/reference/types/comparison) the target type.
 
-**Method:** `.from_parent(type_name)`
+Note: the parent struct is relative to the function in which the current type is an input.
 
-**Parameter:** The type name of the sibling field in the parent struct.
+**Method:** `.from_parent(key)`
+
+**Parameter:** The name (key) of the source field in the parent struct.
 
 ## Context
 

examples/typegraphs/backend-for-frontend.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def backend_for_frontend(g: Graph):
 
     stargazer = t.struct(
         {
-            "login": t.string(name="login"),
+            "login": t.string(),
             "user": github.get(
                 "/users/{user}",
                 t.struct({"user": t.string().from_parent("login")}),

examples/typegraphs/backend-for-frontend.ts

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ await typegraph(
     const pub = Policy.public();
 
     const stargazer = t.struct({
-      login: t.string({}, { name: "login" }),
+      login: t.string({}),
       user: github.get(
         t.struct({ user: t.string().fromParent("login") }),
         t.struct({ name: t.string().optional() }),
-        { path: "/users/{user}" }
+        { path: "/users/{user}" },
       ),
     });
 
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ await typegraph(
         })
         .withPolicy(pub),
     });
-  }
+  },
 );

examples/typegraphs/func-gql.py

@@ -49,17 +49,15 @@ def func_gql(g: Graph):
             ),
             t.struct(
                 {
-                    # rename here  is necessary to make
-                    # `fromParent` down below work
-                    "voteId": t.uuid().rename("Vote_id"),
+                    "voteId": t.uuid(),
                     # using `reduce` we improve the API allowing
                     # create calls to get the newly created object
                     # without having to send this data from the
                     # custom funciton
                     "vote": db.find_unique(vote).reduce(
                         {
                             "where": {
-                                "id": g.inherit().from_parent("Vote_id"),
+                                "id": g.inherit().from_parent("voteId"),
                             },
                         }
                     ),

examples/typegraphs/func-gql.ts

@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ await typegraph(
         authorEmail: t.email(),
         votes: t.list(g.ref("vote")),
       },
-      { name: "idea" }
+      { name: "idea" },
     );
     const vote = t.struct(
       {
         id: t.uuid({ asId: true, config: { auto: true } }),
         authorEmail: t.email(),
         idea: g.ref("idea"),
       },
-      { name: "vote" }
+      { name: "vote" },
     );
 
     // Policy.internal means only custom functions
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ await typegraph(
         i_get_idea: db.findUnique(idea),
         i_create_vote: db.create(vote),
       },
-      Policy.internal()
+      Policy.internal(),
     );
 
     g.expose(
@@ -52,16 +52,14 @@ await typegraph(
             .rename("CreateVoteInput"),
           t
             .struct({
-              // rename here  is necessary to make
-              // `fromParent` down below work
-              voteId: t.uuid().rename("Vote_id"),
+              voteId: t.uuid(),
               // using `reduce` we improve the API allowing
               // create calls to get the newly created object
               // without having to send this data from the
               // custom funciton
               vote: db.findUnique(vote).reduce({
                 where: {
-                  id: g.inherit().fromParent("Vote_id"),
+                  id: g.inherit().fromParent("voteId"),
                 },
               }),
             })
@@ -70,11 +68,11 @@ await typegraph(
             module: "scripts/createVote.ts",
             name: "handle", // name the exported function to run
             effect: fx.create(),
-          }
+          },
         ),
       },
-      Policy.public()
+      Policy.public(),
     );
     // skip:start
-  }
+  },
 );

examples/typegraphs/graphql-server.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def graphql_server(g: Graph):
 
     stargazer = t.struct(
         {
-            "login": t.string().rename("login"),
+            "login": t.string(),
             "user": github.get(
                 "/users/{user}",
                 t.struct({"user": t.string().from_parent("login")}),