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38 changes: 34 additions & 4 deletions LFS171x/README.md
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## LFS171x: Blockchain for Business - An Introduction to Hyperledger Technologies
The source code and documentation in this directory is for the [Blockchain for Business - An Introduction to Hyperledger Technologies](https://www.edx.org/course/blockchain-business-introduction-linuxfoundationx-lfs171x) course on edX. This course is a primer to blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. Learn how to start building blockchain applications with Hyperledger frameworks. The course is free and open to the public.

The source code and documentation in this directory is for the Introduction to Hyperledger Technologies course on edX. This course is a primer to blockchain and distributed ledger technologies. Learn how to start building blockchain applications with Hyperledger frameworks.

The course is free and open to the public and you can find it and sign up here:
## About this course

(https://www.edx.org/course/blockchain-business-introduction-linuxfoundationx-lfs171x)
Discover the power of business blockchains and distributed ledger technologies with an overview of Hyperledger and introductions to its key frameworks. All over the global market there are ledgers that organizations and individuals alike must trust. Blockchain technologies record promises, trades, transactions or simply items we never want to disappear, allowing everyone in an ecosystem to keep a copy of the common system of record.

This introductory course is carefully curated for both nontechnical and technical audiences. It examines blockchains for the enterprise and a number of pertinent use cases from Hyperledger, a global cross-industry community of communities hosted by The Linux Foundation and advancing business blockchain technologies. Hyperledger is incubating and promoting enterprise grade, open source business blockchain software, on top of which anyone can set up apps to meet cross-industry needs.

The course covers key features of blockchain technologies and the differentiators between various types of Hyperledger projects. We'll start with ‘what is blockchain’ and open the discussion to identifying suitable blockchain use cases for your business requirements. We will then take a deep dive into the enterprise-ready Hyperledger blockchain frameworks by guiding students through implementation of various blockchains.

Students with a technical background will learn how to perform clean installations of Hyperledger Sawtooth and Hyperledger Fabric, as well as develop simple applications on top of these frameworks.

Students with a business background will gain an understanding of how blockchains work and how they can create value for their business through cost-savings and efficiencies, in terms of speed and simplicity. They will view how information is generated, stored, and shared in various blockchains, as well as gain tools to evaluate whether or not a blockchain solution would be suitable for their particular business case.

Industries today are using blockchain technologies to increase efficiency and solve business problems associated with data privacy, security, information sharing, and inclusion. Be on the cutting edge; learn about these innovative technologies and bring unique value to your business.

## What you'll learn
* Describe Business Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies
* Gain familiarity with current Hyperledger projects and cross-industry use cases
* Perform clean installations of the Hyperledger Sawtooth and Hyperledger Fabric frameworks
* Explore a sample use case/application in the context of the Hyperledger Sawtooth and Hyperledger Fabric frameworks
* Build simple applications on top of Hyperledger Sawtooth and Hyperledger Fabric
* Become involved in and contribute to the open source Hyperledger projects

## Syllabus

* Welcome & Introduction
* [Discovering Blockchain Technologies](docs/discovering-blockchain-technologies.md)
* [Introduction to Hyperledger](docs/introduction-to-hyperledger.md)
* [The Promise of Business Blockchain Technologies](docs/the-promise-of-business-blockchain-technologies.md)
* [Technical Requirements](docs/technical-requirements.md)
* [Introduction to Hyperledger Iroha](docs/introduction-to-hyperledger-iroha.md)
* [Introduction to Hyperledger Sawtooth](docs/introduction-to-hyperledger-sawtooth.md)
* [Introduction to Hyperledger Fabric](docs/introduction-to-hyperledger-fabric.md)
* [What's Next?](docs/whats-next.md)
* [Final Exam](docs/final-exam.md)
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# Final Exam
## Question 1
<!-- B -->
What is the consensus algorithm currently used for Hyperledger Iroha?

<ol type="A">
<li>Proof of Work</li>
<li>Yet Another Consensus (YAC)</li>
<li>Proof of Elapsed Time</li>
<li>Proof of Stake</li>
</ol>

## Question 2
<!-- C -->
What is the best way to create an asset in Hyperledger Fabric?

<ol type="A">
<li>By relying on an application interface</li>
<li>By using the Fabric-specific REST API</li>
<li>By using chaincode and membership service</li>
<li>By using a channel</li>
</ol>

## Question 3
<!-- D -->
A distributed ledger includes:

<ol type="A">
<li>A consensus protocol</li>
<li>A transaction language that changes the ledger state</li>
<li>A data model that reflects the current state of the ledger</li>
<li>All of the above</li>
</ol>

## Question 4
<!-- A -->
Which of the following represent different nodes within a Hyperledger Sawtooth network?

<ol type="A">
<li>Validators</li>
<li>Ledgers</li>
<li>PoET</li>
<li>Endorsing Peers</li>
</ol>

## Question 5
<!-- C -->
Which of the following best describes Hyperledger?

<ol type="A">
<li>A permissionless blockchain</li>
<li>A permissioned blockchain</li>
<li>An open source, collaborative effort of software developer communities developing business blockchain frameworks and modules</li>
<li>A permissioned blockchain that implements smart contracts in chaincode</li>
</ol>

## Question 6
<!-- True -->
Hyperledger Iroha is focused primarily on user facing applications, while other Hyperledger frameworks are focused on enterprise systems. True or False?

<ol type="A">
<li>True</li>
<li>False</li>
</ol>

## Question 7
<!-- A, B, D -->
Which one of the following characteristics are well-suited for blockchain deployment? Select all answers that apply.

<ol type="A">
<li>There are multiple parties involved</li>
<li>There are escrow services involved</li>
<li>Large files must be stored</li>
<li>There is a need for a shared common database</li>
</ol>

## Question 8
<!-- D -->
Which of the following are examples of permissioned ledgers?

<ol type="A">
<li>Bitcoin and Ethereum</li>
<li>Hyperledger</li>
<li>R3, Ethereum, and Hyperledger</li>
<li>Corda and Quorum</li>
</ol>

## Question 9
<!-- A -->
In terms of Hyperledger Sawtooth, what functions do transaction batches offer?

<ol type="A">
<li>All-or-none approach to committing transactions</li>
<li>Allow for quicker consensus</li>
<li>Simplify the need to have explicit transaction dependencies</li>
<li>Increased trust in the endorsement of transactions</li>
</ol>

## Question 10
<!-- C -->
Cryptography does not facilitate:

<ol type="A">
<li>Data privacy</li>
<li>Non-repudiation</li>
<li>Data replication</li>
<li>Data integrity</li>
</ol>

## Question 11
<!-- D -->
Which of the following are characteristics of distributed ledgers?

<ol type="A">
<li>Distributed ledgers may be centralized</li>
<li>Distributed ledgers are relational</li>
<li>All distributed ledgers have encrypted data</li>
<li>None of the above</li>
</ol>

## Question 12
<!-- A -->
Which one of the following Hyperledger Iroha components interacts with clients?

<ol type="A">
<li>Torii</li>
<li>Ametsuchi</li>
<li>YAC</li>
<li>Ordering service</li>
</ol>

## Question 13
<!-- B -->
Which of the following Hyperledger frameworks allow for the most scalability?

<ol type="A">
<li>Hyperledger Iroha</li>
<li>Hyperledger Sawtooth</li>
<li>Hyperledger Fabric</li>
</ol>

## Question 14
<!-- D -->
What consensus algorithms do the Hyperledger frameworks support?

<ol type="A">
<li>Kafka, RBFT, PoW, and YAC</li>
<li>Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, and Proof of Elapsed Time</li>
<li>Proof of Stake, Proof of Work, RBFT, and Proof of Elapsed Time</li>
<li>RBFT, YAC, Proof of Elapsed Time, and Kafka</li>
</ol>

## Question 15
<!-- B -->
What is the default database used in Hyperledger Fabric?

<ol type="A">
<li>CouchDB</li>
<li>LevelDB</li>
<li>MongoDB</li>
<li>SQL</li>
</ol>

## Question 16
<!-- D -->
Blockchain technology is suitable for supply chain management because it can:

<ol type="A">
<li>Facilitate enterprise resource management</li>
<li>Verify authenticity</li>
<li>Share data across organizations</li>
<li>All of the above</li>
</ol>

## Question 17
<!-- D -->
What is the current state of Blockchain Standards?

<ol type="A">
<li>Blockchain Standards are relatively mature</li>
<li>Blockchain Standards do not exist</li>
<li>ISO 509 defines Blockchain Standards</li>
<li>ISO/TC 307 works on standardization of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies</li>
</ol>

## Question 18
<!-- A, B, C -->
Which of the following components are modular in Hyperledger Fabric? Select all answers that apply.

<ol type="A">
<li>Certificate Authority</li>
<li>Consensus Mechanism</li>
<li>Membership Service Provider</li>
<li>Peers</li>
</ol>

## Question 19
<!-- C -->
What is the most common consensus algorithm for Hyperledger Sawtooth?

<ol type="A">
<li>Proof of Work</li>
<li>Pluggable</li>
<li>Proof of Elapsed Time</li>
<li>Proof of Stake</li>
</ol>

## Question 20
<!-- B -->
How does identity function as a part of blockchains?

<ol type="A">
<li>Public Blockchains have strong identity components for privacy preservation</li>
<li>Permissioned ledgers require secure ways to verify the identity of users</li>
<li>Hyperledger Indy is a required module by all Hyperledger frameworks for identity</li>
<li>Blockchains are pseudo-anonymous</li>
</ol>

## Question 21
<!-- D -->
Hyperledger Iroha was created with the intention to have ______________ .

<ol type="A">
<li>Simple construction</li>
<li>Emphasis on mobile application development</li>
<li>Allow for C++ design and development</li>
<li>All of the above</li>
</ol>

## Question 22
<!-- C -->
What is the role of an Ordering Node in a Hyperledger Fabric network?

<ol type="A">
<li>Orders queries being made to the global state as they are sent to committing peers</li>
<li>Orders transactions as they are being sent back to the client application</li>
<li>Orders transactions into a block</li>
</ol>

## Question 23
<!-- B -->
What is Hyperledger Explorer?

<ol type="A">
<li>A kind of browser used to examine cryptographic proofs</li>
<li>A tool for visualizing blockchain operations</li>
<li>A Chrome extension used for exploring blockchains</li>
<li>A tool to visualize distributed ledger architectures</li>
</ol>

## Question 24
<!-- A, C, D -->
What are the three main roles within a Hyperledger Iroha network? Select all answers that apply.

<ol type="A">
<li>Client</li>
<li>Simulator</li>
<li>Ordering Service</li>
<li>Peer</li>
</ol>

## Queston 25
<!-- A, C -->
What is true about transaction endorsement in Hyperledger Fabric? Select all answers that apply.

<ol type="A">
<li>It is a signed response for the results of a transaction</li>
<li>Nodes decide whether a block contains sequential transactions</li>
<li>Endorsement policies are specified when chaincode is deployed</li>
<li>Verifies that a network allows the creation of transactions</li>
</ol>

## Question 26
<!-- A -->
Which Hyperledger project comprises a suite of tools for building blockchain business networks?

<ol type="A">
<li>Hyperledger Composer</li>
<li>Hyperledger Sawtooth</li>
<li>Hyperledger Burrows</li>
<li>Hyperledger Cello</li>
</ol>

## Question 27
<!-- A, B, D -->
What are the components within a Sawtooth node? Select all answers that apply.

<ol type="A">
<li>REST service</li>
<li>Validator</li>
<li>Transaction families</li>
<li>Transaction processor(s)</li>
</ol>

## Question 28
<!-- D -->
Which of the following best describes Chaincode in Hyperledger Fabric?

<ol type="A">
<li>Is a key/value state database</li>
<li>Maintains the state of the network and a copy of the ledger</li>
<li>Accepts endorsed transactions, orders them into a block, and delivers the blocks to the committing peers</li>
<li>Is the smart contract that runs on the peers and creates transactions</li>
</ol>

## Question 29
<!-- A -->
Transaction families consist of a group of operations or transaction types that are allowed on the shared ledgers. True or False?

<ol type="A">
<li>True</li>
<li>False</li>
</ol>

## Question 30
<!-- B -->
Which of the following industries has shown the most initial interest in distributed ledger technologies?

<ol type="A">
<li>Insurance</li>
<li>Finance</li>
<li>Agriculture</li>
<li>Manufacturing</li>
</ol>
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