docs/installation.md: Add dependencies for building on Debian

[hdub-tech]

TL;DR:

• Added gcc: for make for conmon and podman
• Added passt: for could not find pasta error (Fixes There is no mention of "pasta" on the install page, only "slirp4netns" #285)
• Switch crun -> runc: for error running container unknown version specified error in Debian

Details

Problem: cc/gcc not found for conmon and podman

conmon

$ make
cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -o src/conmon.o -c src/conmon.c
/bin/sh: 1: cc: not found
make: *** [Makefile:68: src/conmon.o] Error 127

podman

$ make BUILDTAGS="seccomp"
Podman is being compiled without the systemd build tag. 	Install libsystemd on Ubuntu or systemd-devel on rpm based 	distro for journald support.
CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build \
	 \
	-ldflags '-X github.com/containers/podman/v5/libpod/define.gitCommit=4cbdfde5d862dcdbe450c0f1d76ad75360f67a3c -X github.com/containers/podman/v5/libpod/define.buildInfo=1737063691 -X github.com/containers/podman/v5/libpod/config._installPrefix=/usr/local -X github.com/containers/podman/v5/libpod/config._etcDir=/etc -X github.com/containers/podman/v5/pkg/systemd/quadlet._binDir=/usr/local/bin -X github.com/containers/common/pkg/config.additionalHelperBinariesDir= ' \
	-tags "seccomp" \
	-o bin/podman ./cmd/podman
# runtime/cgo
cgo: C compiler "gcc" not found: exec: "gcc": executable file not found in $PATH
make: *** [Makefile:377: bin/podman] Error 1

Solution: install gcc (doc updated)

conmon compiles

    podman-bento-debian12: ========= Setup conmon =========
    podman-bento-debian12: mkdir -p bin
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/conmon.o -c src/conmon.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/cmsg.o -c src/cmsg.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/ctr_logging.o -c src/ctr_logging.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/utils.o -c src/utils.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/cli.o -c src/cli.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/globals.o -c src/globals.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/cgroup.o -c src/cgroup.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/conn_sock.o -c src/conn_sock.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/oom.o -c src/oom.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/ctrl.o -c src/ctrl.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/ctr_stdio.o -c src/ctr_stdio.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/parent_pipe_fd.o -c src/parent_pipe_fd.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/ctr_exit.o -c src/ctr_exit.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/runtime_args.o -c src/runtime_args.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/close_fds.o -c src/close_fds.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o src/seccomp_notify.o -c src/seccomp_notify.c
    podman-bento-debian12: cc  -std=c99 -Os -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include  -DVERSION=\"2.1.12\" -DGIT_COMMIT=\""119db20187a4356abd4d31d76ad53063a7a2e85e"\"  -D USE_JOURNALD=1  -D USE_SECCOMP=1  -o bin/conmon src/conmon.o src/cmsg.o src/ctr_logging.o src/utils.o src/cli.o src/globals.o src/cgroup.o src/conn_sock.o src/oom.o src/ctrl.o src/ctr_stdio.o src/parent_pipe_fd.o src/ctr_exit.o src/runtime_args.o src/close_fds.o src/seccomp_notify.o -lglib-2.0  -lsystemd  -lseccomp  -ldl
    podman-bento-debian12: install  -d -m 755 /usr/local/libexec/podman
    podman-bento-debian12: install  -m 755 bin/conmon /usr/local/libexec/podman/conmon
    podman-bento-debian12: 

podman compiles

(screenshot huge omitted)

Problem: crun unknown version specified error in Debian

When building an image with podman, I ran into an error on a basic apt update/upgrade/install step with error running container: from /usr/bin/crun creating container....unknown version specified. In googling the error, I ran into the very similar issue [containers/crun#1485] indicating it might be resolved in a newer version of crun. I was already on the latest available for Debian 12, without building from source, so I decided to try runc instead, since this is explicitly listed as supported in the podman docs. The docs explicitly call out crun taking precedence over runc if both are installed, so I understand if this isn't a desired change since it might appear to go against defaults, and I'm willing to revert it if there is strong opinions on it.

$ podman build
...
<snipped>
...
STEP 6/17: RUN apt-get update     && apt-get upgrade     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates unzip libsecret-1-0 jq     && apt-get clean     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
error running container: from /usr/bin/crun creating container for [/bin/sh -c apt-get update     && apt-get upgrade     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates unzip libsecret-1-0 jq     && apt-get clean     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*]: unknown version specified
: exit status 1
Error: building at STEP "RUN apt-get update     && apt-get upgrade     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates unzip libsecret-1-0 jq     && apt-get clean     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*": while running runtime: exit status 1

vagrant@podman:/vagrant$ apt list crun
Listing... Done
crun/stable,now 1.8.1-1+deb12u1 amd64 [installed]

Solution: switch to runc (doc updated)

The documentation explicitly points out that either should be fine... so runc?

podman build
...
<snipped>
...
STEP 6/17: RUN apt-get update     && apt-get upgrade     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates unzip libsecret-1-0 jq     && apt-get clean     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm InRelease [151 kB]
Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates InRelease [55.4 kB]
Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease [48.0 kB]
Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm/main amd64 Packages [8792 kB]
Get:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates/main amd64 Packages [13.5 kB]
Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security/main amd64 Packages [241 kB]
Fetched 9301 kB in 2s (4063 kB/s)
...
<snipped>
...
done.
--> ceddc949aae3
STEP 7/17: ...

Problem: could not find pasta

$ podman run --env ENVVAR localhost/hdub-tech/podmanio test
Error: could not find pasta, the network namespace can't be configured: exec: "pasta": executable file not found in $PATH

Solution: install passt (doc updated)

$ sudo apt-get install -y passt

$ podman run --env ENVVAR localhost/hdub-tech/podmanio test
Test completed successfully

[TomSweeneyRedHat]

LGTM
Thanks @hdub-tech !
@lsm5 PTAL

[lsm5]

LGTM afaict.

@siretart would you mind reviewing this as well please?

[siretart]

Lgtm

[rhatdan]

LGTM

[DDilinger]

dnf install crun-1.14.3

[lsm5]

dnf install crun-1.14.3

@DDilinger I'll be glad to merge another PR with this included in case you'd like to create one.
EDIT: and maybe you meant apt instead of dnf ?

[hdub-tech]

Crun is mentioned in the RHEL section (without version), and it is a dependency of the listed package containers-common-extra in the Fedora section. I could definitely understand if they did mean apt and they were emphasizing the version number of crun which fixes the problem I ran into (mentioned in my description) which caused me to find a simple switch to runc "fixed" the issue as well (That version of crun wasn't available in debian stable, without building from source).

That said, a few days after this PR was merged, I discovered runc might not technically be supported by podman, and so I opened this issue to track (even suggesting I make the doc repair to undo just the crun->runc part of what I did here): #365