[INLONG-10028][Release] Bumped branch-1.12 version from 1.12.0-SNAPSHOT to 1.12.0

[baomingyu]

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• Title Example: [INLONG-XYZ][Component] Title of the pull request

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• Fixes [Release] Bumped 1.12.0 branch version to 1.12.0 #10028

Motivation

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Modifications

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Verifying this change

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• This change is a trivial rework/code cleanup without any test coverage.

• This change is already covered by existing tests, such as:
  (please describe tests)

• This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

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  • Added integration tests for end-to-end deployment with large payloads (10MB)
  • Extended integration test for recovery after broker failure

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)
• If a feature is not applicable for documentation, explain why?
• If a feature is not documented yet in this PR, please create a follow-up issue for adding the documentation