[#5200]Update the Column data type for python client (#5354)

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
1. Implement type.java as type.py in Python client
2.  Implement types.java as types.py in Python client
3.  Create a test_types.py in unit tests.

### Why are the changes needed?
We need to support the column data type in python client

Fix: #5200

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No

### How was this patch tested?
Need to add the unit tests

---------

Co-authored-by: Xun <[email protected]>

clients/client-python/gravitino/api/type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from enum import Enum
+
+
+class Name(Enum):
+    """
+    The root type name of this type, representing all data types supported.
+    """
+
+    BOOLEAN = "BOOLEAN"
+    """ The boolean type. """
+
+    BYTE = "BYTE"
+    """ The byte type. """
+
+    SHORT = "SHORT"
+    """ The short type. """
+
+    INTEGER = "INTEGER"
+    """ The integer type. """
+
+    LONG = "LONG"
+    """ The long type. """
+
+    FLOAT = "FLOAT"
+    """ The float type. """
+
+    DOUBLE = "DOUBLE"
+    """ The double type. """
+
+    DECIMAL = "DECIMAL"
+    """ The decimal type. """
+
+    DATE = "DATE"
+    """ The date type. """
+
+    TIME = "TIME"
+    """ The time type. """
+
+    TIMESTAMP = "TIMESTAMP"
+    """ The timestamp type. """
+
+    INTERVAL_YEAR = "INTERVAL_YEAR"
+    """ The interval year type. """
+
+    INTERVAL_DAY = "INTERVAL_DAY"
+    """ The interval day type. """
+
+    STRING = "STRING"
+    """ The string type. """
+
+    VARCHAR = "VARCHAR"
+    """ The varchar type. """
+
+    FIXEDCHAR = "FIXEDCHAR"
+    """ The char type with fixed length. """
+
+    UUID = "UUID"
+    """ The UUID type. """
+
+    FIXED = "FIXED"
+    """ The binary type with fixed length. """
+
+    BINARY = "BINARY"
+    """ The binary type with variable length. The length is specified in the type itself. """
+
+    STRUCT = "STRUCT"
+    """
+    The struct type.
+    A struct type is a complex type that contains a set of named fields, each with a type, 
+    and optionally a comment.
+    """
+
+    LIST = "LIST"
+    """
+    The list type.
+    A list type is a complex type that contains a set of elements, each with the same type.
+    """
+
+    MAP = "MAP"
+    """
+    The map type.
+    A map type is a complex type that contains a set of key-value pairs, each with a key type 
+    and a value type.
+    """
+
+    UNION = "UNION"
+    """
+    The union type.
+    A union type is a complex type that contains a set of types.
+    """
+
+    NULL = "NULL"
+    """ The null type. A null type represents a value that is null. """
+
+    UNPARSED = "UNPARSED"
+    """ The unparsed type. An unparsed type represents an unresolvable type. """
+
+    EXTERNAL = "EXTERNAL"
+    """ The external type. An external type represents a type that is not supported. """
+
+
+# Define the Type interface (abstract base class)
+class Type(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def name(self) -> Name:
+        """Returns the generic name of the type."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def simple_string(self) -> str:
+        """Returns a readable string representation of the type."""
+        pass
+
+
+# Define base classes
+class PrimitiveType(Type, ABC):
+    """Base class for all primitive types."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class NumericType(PrimitiveType, ABC):
+    """Base class for all numeric types."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class DateTimeType(PrimitiveType, ABC):
+    """Base class for all date/time types."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class IntervalType(PrimitiveType, ABC):
+    """Base class for all interval types."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class ComplexType(Type, ABC):
+    """Base class for all complex types, including struct, list, map, and union."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class IntegralType(NumericType, ABC):
+    """Base class for all integral types."""
+
+    _signed: bool
+
+    def __init__(self, signed: bool):
+        self._signed = signed
+
+    def signed(self) -> bool:
+        """Returns True if the integer type is signed, False otherwise."""
+        return self._signed
+
+
+class FractionType(NumericType, ABC):
+    """Base class for all fractional types."""
+
+    pass