Annotate all pub struct with #[non_exhaustive]

This prevents code outside of the crate from
constructing the given structs using a StructExpression
(i.e., MyStruct { ... }). I have tested and confirmed
that, for example, I cannot instatiate a struct from
the fastsim-cli crate. This was deemed to be a little
less convoluted than using a PhantomData typed method
which essentially does the same thing.

fastsim-core/src/air_properties.rs

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ lazy_static! {
 
 )]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct Air {}
 impl Init for Air {}
 impl SerdeAPI for Air {}

fastsim-core/src/drive_cycle.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use fastsim_2::cycle::RustCycle as Cycle2;
     }
 )]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Container
 pub struct Cycle {
     /// Name of cycle (can be left empty)
@@ -402,6 +403,7 @@ impl Cycle {
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Clone)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Element of `Cycle`.  Used for vec-like operations.
 pub struct CycleElement {
     /// simulation time \[s\]

fastsim-core/src/simdrive.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Solver parameters
 pub struct SimParams {
     pub ach_speed_max_iter: u32,
@@ -18,10 +19,6 @@ pub struct SimParams {
     pub trace_miss_opts: TraceMissOptions,
     /// whether to use FASTSim-2 style air density
     pub f2_air_density: bool,
-    // phantom private field to prevent direct instantiation in other modules
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    #[api(skip_get, skip_set)]
-    pub _phantom: PhantomData<()>,
 }
 
 impl SerdeAPI for SimParams {}
@@ -36,7 +33,6 @@ impl Default for SimParams {
             trace_miss_tol: Default::default(),
             trace_miss_opts: Default::default(),
             f2_air_density: true,
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -72,15 +68,12 @@ impl Default for SimParams {
 
 )]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct SimDrive {
     #[has_state]
     pub veh: Vehicle,
     pub cyc: Cycle,
     pub sim_params: SimParams,
-    // phantom private field to prevent direct instantiation in other modules
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    #[api(skip_get, skip_set)]
-    _phantom: PhantomData<()>,
 }
 
 impl SerdeAPI for SimDrive {}
@@ -101,7 +94,6 @@ impl SimDrive {
             veh,
             cyc,
             sim_params: sim_params.unwrap_or_default(),
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 
@@ -484,6 +476,7 @@ pwr deficit: {} kW
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct TraceMissTolerance {
     tol_dist: si::Length,
     tol_dist_frac: si::Ratio,

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/bev.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Battery electric vehicle
 pub struct BatteryElectricVehicle {
     #[has_state]

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/cabin.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ impl SerdeAPI for CabinOption {}
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Basic single thermal capacitance cabin thermal model, including HVAC
 /// system and controls
 pub struct SingleCapacitanceCabin {

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/chassis.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ impl Init for DriveTypes {}
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Struct for simulating vehicle
 pub struct Chassis {
     /// Aerodynamic drag coefficient

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/conv.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Conventional vehicle with only a FuelConverter as a power source
 pub struct ConventionalVehicle {
     pub fs: FuelStorage,

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/hev.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use super::{vehicle_model::VehicleState, *};
 use crate::prelude::ElectricMachineState;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Hybrid vehicle with both engine and reversible energy storage (aka battery)
 /// This type of vehicle is not likely to be widely prevalent due to modularity of consists.
 pub struct HybridElectricVehicle {
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ impl Mass for HybridElectricVehicle {
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct FCOnCauses(Vec<FCOnCause>);
 impl Init for FCOnCauses {}
 impl SerdeAPI for FCOnCauses {}
@@ -309,6 +311,7 @@ impl FCOnCauses {
 // TODO: figure out why this is not turning in the dataframe but is in teh pydict
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryVec, SetCumulative)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct HEVState {
     /// time step index
     pub i: usize,
@@ -381,6 +384,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for FCOnCause {
 
 /// Options for controlling simulation behavior
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct HEVSimulationParams {
     /// [ReversibleEnergyStorage] per [FuelConverter]
     pub res_per_fuel_lim: si::Ratio,
@@ -555,6 +559,7 @@ impl HEVPowertrainControls {
 /// Container for static controls parameters.  See [Self::init] for default
 /// values.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Deserialize, Serialize, Default)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct RESGreedyWithDynamicBuffers {
     /// RES energy delta from minimum SOC corresponding to kinetic energy of
     /// vehicle at this speed that triggers ramp down in RES discharge.

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/powertrain/electric_machine.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ use crate::pyo3::*;
     // }
 )]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Struct for modeling electric machines.  This lumps performance and efficiency of motor and power
 /// electronics.
 pub struct ElectricMachine {
@@ -142,10 +143,12 @@ impl ElectricMachine {
                 .eff_interp_at_max_input
                 .as_ref()
                 .map(|interpolator| {
-                    interpolator.interpolate(&[abs_checked_x_val(
-                        (pwr_in_fwd_lim / self.pwr_out_max).get::<si::ratio>(),
-                        interpolator.x().map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?,
-                    )?]).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
+                    interpolator
+                        .interpolate(&[abs_checked_x_val(
+                            (pwr_in_fwd_lim / self.pwr_out_max).get::<si::ratio>(),
+                            interpolator.x().map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?,
+                        )?])
+                        .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
                 })
                 .ok_or(anyhow!(
                     "eff_interp_bwd is None, which should never be the case at this point."
@@ -162,10 +165,12 @@ impl ElectricMachine {
                 .eff_interp_at_max_input
                 .as_ref()
                 .map(|interpolator| {
-                    interpolator.interpolate(&[abs_checked_x_val(
-                        (pwr_in_bwd_lim / self.pwr_out_max).get::<si::ratio>(),
-                        interpolator.x().map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?,
-                    )?]).map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
+                    interpolator
+                        .interpolate(&[abs_checked_x_val(
+                            (pwr_in_bwd_lim / self.pwr_out_max).get::<si::ratio>(),
+                            interpolator.x().map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?,
+                        )?])
+                        .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))
                 })
                 .ok_or(anyhow!(
                     "eff_interp_bwd is None, which should never be the case at this point."
@@ -328,9 +333,7 @@ impl Init for ElectricMachine {
                 self.eff_interp_fwd.strategy()?.to_owned(),
                 self.eff_interp_fwd.extrapolate()?.to_owned(),
             )?;
-            self.eff_interp_at_max_input = Some(Interpolator::Interp1D(
-                eff_interp_at_max_input,
-            ));
+            self.eff_interp_at_max_input = Some(Interpolator::Interp1D(eff_interp_at_max_input));
         }
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -447,7 +450,8 @@ impl ElectricMachine {
                 .ok_or(anyhow!(
                     "eff_interp_bwd is None, which should never be the case at this point."
                 ))?
-                .f_x()?.to_owned();
+                .f_x()?
+                .to_owned();
             match &mut self.eff_interp_at_max_input {
                 Some(Interpolator::Interp1D(interp1d)) => {
                     // let old_interp = interp1d;
@@ -628,6 +632,7 @@ impl ElectricMachine {
 #[derive(
     Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryVec, SetCumulative,
 )]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct ElectricMachineState {
     /// time step index
     pub i: usize,

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/powertrain/fuel_converter.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ use super::*;
     }
 )]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Struct for modeling Fuel Converter (e.g. engine, fuel cell.)
 pub struct FuelConverter {
     /// [Self] Thermal plant, including thermal management controls
@@ -87,10 +88,6 @@ pub struct FuelConverter {
     #[serde(default)]
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "FuelConverterStateHistoryVec::is_empty")]
     pub history: FuelConverterStateHistoryVec,
-    // phantom private field to prevent direct instantiation in other modules
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    #[api(skip_get, skip_set)]
-    pub(in super::super) _phantom: PhantomData<()>,
 }
 
 impl SetCumulative for FuelConverter {
@@ -339,6 +336,7 @@ impl FuelConverter {
 #[derive(
     Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryVec, SetCumulative,
 )]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct FuelConverterState {
     /// time step index
     pub i: usize,
@@ -395,6 +393,7 @@ impl SerdeAPI for FuelConverterThermalOption {}
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Struct for modeling Fuel Converter (e.g. engine, fuel cell.)
 pub struct FuelConverterThermal {
     /// [FuelConverter] thermal capacitance

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/powertrain/fuel_storage.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use super::*;
     // }
 )]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct FuelStorage {
     /// max power output
     pub pwr_out_max: si::Power,

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/powertrain/reversible_energy_storage.rs

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ const TOL: f64 = 1e-3;
     }
 )]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Struct for modeling technology-naive Reversible Energy Storage (e.g. battery, flywheel).
 pub struct ReversibleEnergyStorage {
     /// ReversibleEnergyStorage mass
@@ -568,6 +569,7 @@ pub enum SpecificEnergySideEffect {
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryVec, SetCumulative)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 // component limits
 /// ReversibleEnergyStorage state variables
 pub struct ReversibleEnergyStorageState {

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/powertrain/transmission.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use super::*;
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, Clone, PartialEq, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct Transmission {
     /// Transmission mass
     #[serde(default)]
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ impl Mass for Transmission {
 
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryVec, SetCumulative)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct TransmissionState {
     /// time step index
     pub i: usize,

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/vehicle_model.rs

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ impl Init for AuxSource {}
     }
 )]
 #[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, HistoryMethods)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 /// Struct for simulating vehicle
 pub struct Vehicle {
     /// Vehicle name
@@ -157,10 +158,6 @@ pub struct Vehicle {
     #[serde(default)]
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "VehicleStateHistoryVec::is_empty")]
     pub history: VehicleStateHistoryVec,
-    // phantom private field to prevent direct instantiation in other modules
-    #[serde(skip)]
-    #[api(skip_get, skip_set)]
-    _phantom: PhantomData<()>,
 }
 
 impl Mass for Vehicle {
@@ -442,6 +439,7 @@ impl Vehicle {
 /// Vehicle state for current time step
 #[fastsim_api]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, HistoryVec, SetCumulative)]
+#[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct VehicleState {
     /// time step index
     pub i: usize,

fastsim-core/src/vehicle/vehicle_model/fastsim2_interface.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ impl TryFrom<fastsim_2::vehicle::RustVehicle> for Vehicle {
             save_interval,
             history: Default::default(),
             mass: Some(f2veh.veh_kg * uc::KG),
-            _phantom: PhantomData,
         };
         f3veh.expunge_mass_fields();
         f3veh.init().with_context(|| anyhow!(format_dbg!()))?;
@@ -76,7 +75,6 @@ impl TryFrom<&fastsim_2::vehicle::RustVehicle> for PowertrainType {
                             pwr_idle_fuel: si::Power::ZERO,
                             save_interval: Some(1),
                             history: Default::default(),
-                            _phantom: PhantomData,
                         };
                         fc.init()?;
                         fc.set_mass(None, MassSideEffect::None)
@@ -149,7 +147,6 @@ impl TryFrom<&fastsim_2::vehicle::RustVehicle> for PowertrainType {
                             pwr_idle_fuel: si::Power::ZERO,
                             save_interval: Some(1),
                             history: Default::default(),
-                            _phantom: PhantomData,
                         };
                         fc.init()?;
                         fc.set_mass(None, MassSideEffect::None)