diff --git a/cidre/src/av/audio/speech_synthesis.rs b/cidre/src/av/audio/speech_synthesis.rs
index de74c890..5c06180d 100644
--- a/cidre/src/av/audio/speech_synthesis.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/av/audio/speech_synthesis.rs
@@ -423,6 +423,6 @@ mod tests {
         let attr_str = ns::AttrString::with_string(&str);
         let ut = av::SpeechUtterance::with_attr_string(&attr_str);
         assert_eq!(&ut.speech_string(), str);
-        assert_eq!(ut.speech_attr_string().unwrap().string(), str);
+        assert_eq!(&ut.speech_attr_string().unwrap().string(), str);
     }
 }
diff --git a/cidre/src/mc/nearby_service_browser.rs b/cidre/src/mc/nearby_service_browser.rs
index 7ae14bcf..1cc7278b 100644
--- a/cidre/src/mc/nearby_service_browser.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/mc/nearby_service_browser.rs
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ impl NearbyServiceBrowser {
     pub fn set_delegate<D: Delegate>(&mut self, val: Option<&D>);
 
     #[objc::msg_send(myPeerID)]
-    pub fn my_peer_id(&self) -> &mc::PeerId;
+    pub fn my_peer_id(&self) -> arc::R<mc::PeerId>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(serviceType)]
-    pub fn service_type(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn service_type(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 }
 
 #[objc::protocol(MCNearbyServiceBrowserDelegate)]
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ mod tests {
         let peer = mc::PeerId::with_display_name(name).unwrap();
         let service = ns::str!(c"cidre-txtchat");
         let browser = mc::NearbyServiceBrowser::with_peer(&peer, &service).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(browser.service_type(), service);
-        assert_eq!(browser.my_peer_id(), &peer);
+        assert_eq!(&browser.service_type(), service);
+        assert_eq!(&browser.my_peer_id(), &peer);
 
         assert!(browser.delegate().is_none());
     }
diff --git a/cidre/src/mps/graph/operation.rs b/cidre/src/mps/graph/operation.rs
index 036e32df..b1ccc2b6 100644
--- a/cidre/src/mps/graph/operation.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/mps/graph/operation.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{define_obj_type, mps::graph, ns, objc};
+use crate::{arc, define_obj_type, mps::graph, ns, objc};
 
 define_obj_type!(
     #[doc(alias = "MPSGraphOperation")]
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ define_obj_type!(
 
 impl Op {
     #[objc::msg_send(inputTensors)]
-    pub fn input_tensors(&self) -> &ns::Array<graph::Tensor>;
+    pub fn input_tensors(&self) -> arc::R<ns::Array<graph::Tensor>>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(outputTensors)]
-    pub fn output_tensors(&self) -> &ns::Array<graph::Tensor>;
+    pub fn output_tensors(&self) -> arc::R<ns::Array<graph::Tensor>>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(controlDependencies)]
-    pub fn control_deps(&self) -> &ns::Array<Self>;
+    pub fn control_deps(&self) -> arc::R<ns::Array<Self>>;
 
     /// Graph on which the operation is defined
     #[objc::msg_send(graph)]
-    pub fn graph(&self) -> &graph::Graph;
+    pub fn graph(&self) -> arc::R<graph::Graph>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(name)]
-    pub fn name(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn name(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 }
diff --git a/cidre/src/ns/attributed_string.rs b/cidre/src/ns/attributed_string.rs
index 00dbb5b3..23962950 100644
--- a/cidre/src/ns/attributed_string.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/ns/attributed_string.rs
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl AttrString {
     /// the attributed string object. If you want to maintain a snapshot of this as
     /// you manipulate the returned string, you should make a copy of the appropriate substring.
     #[objc::msg_send(string)]
-    pub fn string(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn string(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(length)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize;
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ mod tests {
         let str = ns::String::with_str("Hello");
         let astr = ns::AttrString::with_string(&str);
 
-        assert_eq!(astr.string(), &str);
+        assert_eq!(&astr.string(), &str);
         let attrs = astr.attrs_at(0, None).unwrap();
         assert!(attrs.is_empty());
 
diff --git a/cidre/src/ns/file_manager.rs b/cidre/src/ns/file_manager.rs
index 58531559..d3508e6c 100644
--- a/cidre/src/ns/file_manager.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/ns/file_manager.rs
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ impl FileManager {
     }
 
     #[objc::msg_send(currentDirectoryPath)]
-    pub fn current_dir_path(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn current_dir_path(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(changeCurrentDirectoryPath:)]
     pub fn change_current_dir_path(&mut self, path: &ns::String) -> bool;
diff --git a/cidre/src/sn/classification_result.rs b/cidre/src/sn/classification_result.rs
index e75a817d..602e558a 100644
--- a/cidre/src/sn/classification_result.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/sn/classification_result.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ define_obj_type!(
 
 impl Classification {
     #[objc::msg_send(identifier)]
-    pub fn id(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn id(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(confidence)]
     pub fn confidence(&self) -> f64;
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ define_obj_type!(
 
 impl ClassificationResult {
     #[objc::msg_send(classifications)]
-    pub fn classifications(&self) -> &ns::Array<Classification>;
+    pub fn classifications(&self) -> arc::R<ns::Array<Classification>>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(timeRange)]
     pub fn time_range(&self) -> cm::TimeRange;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(classificationForIdentifier:)]
-    pub fn classification_for_id<'a>(&'a self, id: &ns::String) -> Option<&'a Classification>;
+    pub fn classification_for_id(&self, id: &ns::String) -> Option<arc::R<Classification>>;
 }
 
 extern "C" {
diff --git a/cidre/src/un/notification_content.rs b/cidre/src/un/notification_content.rs
index cce8d998..f52f8d96 100644
--- a/cidre/src/un/notification_content.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/un/notification_content.rs
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ impl NotificationContent {
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(body)]
-    pub fn body(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn body(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(categoryIdentifier)]
-    pub fn category_id(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn category_id(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "tvos", target_os = "macos")))]
     #[objc::msg_send(launchImageName)]
-    pub fn launch_image_name(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn launch_image_name(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(sound)]
@@ -56,22 +56,22 @@ impl NotificationContent {
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(subtitle)]
-    pub fn subtitle(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn subtitle(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(threadIdentifier)]
-    pub fn thread_id(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn thread_id(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(title)]
-    pub fn title(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn title(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[cfg(not(target_os = "tvos"))]
     #[objc::msg_send(userInfo)]
-    pub fn user_info(&self) -> &ns::Dictionary<ns::Id, ns::Id>;
+    pub fn user_info(&self) -> arc::R<ns::Dictionary<ns::Id, ns::Id>>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(targetContentIdentifier)]
-    pub fn target_content_id(&self) -> Option<&ns::String>;
+    pub fn target_content_id(&self) -> Option<arc::R<ns::String>>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(interruptionLevel)]
     pub fn interruption_level(&self) -> un::NotificationInterruptionLevel;
diff --git a/cidre/src/un/notification_request.rs b/cidre/src/un/notification_request.rs
index d4b6d7ff..d55c8843 100644
--- a/cidre/src/un/notification_request.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/un/notification_request.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{define_cls, define_obj_type, ns, objc};
+use crate::{arc, define_cls, define_obj_type, ns, objc};
 
 define_obj_type!(
     #[doc(alias = "UNNotificationRequest")]
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ impl NotificationRequest {
     define_cls!(UN_NOTIFICATION_REQUEST);
 
     #[objc::msg_send(identifier)]
-    pub fn id(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn id(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 }
 
 extern "C" {
diff --git a/cidre/src/vn/generate_person_segmentation_request.rs b/cidre/src/vn/generate_person_segmentation_request.rs
index 3beb9415..15d2372f 100644
--- a/cidre/src/vn/generate_person_segmentation_request.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/vn/generate_person_segmentation_request.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl GenPersonSegmentationRequest {
     pub fn set_output_pixel_format(&mut self, value: os::Type);
 
     #[objc::msg_send(results)]
-    pub fn results(&self) -> Option<&ns::Array<vn::PixelBufObservation>>;
+    pub fn results(&self) -> Option<arc::R<ns::Array<vn::PixelBufObservation>>>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(supportedOutputPixelFormatsAndReturnError:)]
     #[api::available(
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ impl GenPersonSegmentationRequest {
         tvos = 18.0,
         visionos = 2.0
     )]
-    pub fn supported_output_pixel_formats<'ear>(
-    ) -> Result<arc::R<ns::Array<ns::Number>>, &'ear ns::Error> {
+    pub fn supported_output_pixel_formats<'ear>() -> ns::Result<'ear, arc::R<ns::Array<ns::Number>>>
+    {
         ns::if_none(|err| unsafe { Self::supported_output_pixel_formats_err(err) })
     }
 }
diff --git a/cidre/src/wk/web_view.rs b/cidre/src/wk/web_view.rs
index 05b15a69..7a11253d 100644
--- a/cidre/src/wk/web_view.rs
+++ b/cidre/src/wk/web_view.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ impl WebView {
     pub fn set_nav_delegate<D: wk::NavigationDelegate>(&mut self, val: Option<&D>);
 
     #[objc::msg_send(title)]
-    pub fn title(&self) -> &ns::String;
+    pub fn title(&self) -> arc::R<ns::String>;
 
     #[objc::msg_send(isInspectable)]
     pub fn is_inpectable(&self) -> bool;