From d962f338c895503b3b1cc55fc4d75b57a2df673b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jery Jacob Arangath <jerryjacobarangath@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 13 Jun 2021 11:40:08 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Add Benchmarks

---
 .criterion/Single pixel/new/estimates.json |   1 +
 .criterion/Single pixel/new/sample.json    |   1 +
 .criterion/Single pixel/new/tukey.json     |   1 +
 .criterion/single pixel/new/estimates.json |   1 +
 .criterion/single pixel/new/sample.json    |   1 +
 .criterion/single pixel/new/tukey.json     |   1 +
 Cargo.lock                                 | 548 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 Cargo.toml                                 |   8 +
 {tests => benches}/main.rs                 |  26 +-
 9 files changed, 560 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .criterion/Single pixel/new/estimates.json
 create mode 100644 .criterion/Single pixel/new/sample.json
 create mode 100644 .criterion/Single pixel/new/tukey.json
 create mode 100644 .criterion/single pixel/new/estimates.json
 create mode 100644 .criterion/single pixel/new/sample.json
 create mode 100644 .criterion/single pixel/new/tukey.json
 rename {tests => benches}/main.rs (88%)

diff --git a/.criterion/Single pixel/new/estimates.json b/.criterion/Single pixel/new/estimates.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05e2d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.criterion/Single pixel/new/estimates.json	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"Mean":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":100087.14304294973,"upper_bound":105660.18233388735},"point_estimate":102648.37102685607,"standard_error":1427.4708552015632},"Median":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":95739.90610328638,"upper_bound":100005.83333333334},"point_estimate":97087.77680652682,"standard_error":1197.7661657633253},"MedianAbsDev":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":4695.385390716573,"upper_bound":10312.862155758132},"point_estimate":6755.377825508063,"standard_error":1505.554812028954},"Slope":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":104094.6497823457,"upper_bound":115069.06030600445},"point_estimate":108933.7632136348,"standard_error":2842.6264828624},"StdDev":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":8964.451360165,"upper_bound":20076.747117709485},"point_estimate":14345.38249583391,"standard_error":3051.841317598086}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.criterion/Single pixel/new/sample.json b/.criterion/Single pixel/new/sample.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0bcc60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.criterion/Single pixel/new/sample.json	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[12.0,24.0,36.0,48.0,60.0,72.0,84.0,96.0,108.0,120.0,132.0,144.0,156.0,168.0,180.0,192.0,204.0,216.0,228.0,240.0,252.0,264.0,276.0,288.0,300.0,312.0,324.0,336.0,348.0,360.0,372.0,384.0,396.0,408.0,420.0,432.0,444.0,456.0,468.0,480.0,492.0,504.0,516.0,528.0,540.0,552.0,564.0,576.0,588.0,600.0,612.0,624.0,636.0,648.0,660.0,672.0,684.0,696.0,708.0,720.0,732.0,744.0,756.0,768.0,780.0,792.0,804.0,816.0,828.0,840.0,852.0,864.0,876.0,888.0,900.0,912.0,924.0,936.0,948.0,960.0,972.0,984.0,996.0,1008.0,1020.0,1032.0,1044.0,1056.0,1068.0,1080.0,1092.0,1104.0,1116.0,1128.0,1140.0,1152.0,1164.0,1176.0,1188.0,1200.0],[1140400.0,2790000.0,3438900.0,5141100.0,5976200.0,6857300.0,9998700.0,11390500.0,11775400.0,11528400.0,12819600.0,13666000.0,14437800.0,14832900.0,18329400.0,17376400.0,19013200.0,19872300.0,21422200.0,23953600.0,24292100.0,28796100.0,24512300.0,27457100.0,30061500.0,30281900.0,29850600.0,30916800.0,31516200.0,35492400.0,39420300.0,41367800.0,37367100.0,41691500.0,41216800.0,42311000.0,40644600.0,43765400.0,44599200.0,43088400.0,47538600.0,48820800.0,48671200.0,50793500.0,51041900.0,51440500.0,57007000.0,53287300.0,55029700.0,54934900.0,57172000.0,58543800.0,59483700.0,70904400.0,63061100.0,62633900.0,64934500.0,68824900.0,65442800.0,67339000.0,67988900.0,70512700.0,72285500.0,74492900.0,118550100.0,78494900.0,76946800.0,81086900.0,79234700.0,77271400.0,81570400.0,83753100.0,114565700.0,94340800.0,94597800.0,86383200.0,107857400.0,113163400.0,103417200.0,112926400.0,110027300.0,108457900.0,109360400.0,108550900.0,122359800.0,117816300.0,107178500.0,109627600.0,111140700.0,109157200.0,123080700.0,140326200.0,133785600.0,125213200.0,118674000.0,128847200.0,116364600.0,230021200.0,139626700.0,151769700.0]]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.criterion/Single pixel/new/tukey.json b/.criterion/Single pixel/new/tukey.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cd43cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.criterion/Single pixel/new/tukey.json	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[53245.05768073173,73798.54407997121,128607.84114460985,149161.32754384936]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.criterion/single pixel/new/estimates.json b/.criterion/single pixel/new/estimates.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec2ef4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.criterion/single pixel/new/estimates.json	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"Mean":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":79378.71157785057,"upper_bound":84114.75170172598},"point_estimate":81643.81677343912,"standard_error":1207.0764885975943},"Median":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":77214.16083916085,"upper_bound":80546.96356275304},"point_estimate":78400.48605240913,"standard_error":910.3124418937862},"MedianAbsDev":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":5302.332472881076,"upper_bound":9589.095483605674},"point_estimate":6946.342397858504,"standard_error":1058.5415168392733},"Slope":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":79397.85363350455,"upper_bound":83801.52501077761},"point_estimate":81477.93450114242,"standard_error":1122.8225159263054},"StdDev":{"confidence_interval":{"confidence_level":0.95,"lower_bound":9250.65257596628,"upper_bound":14663.917937719661},"point_estimate":12165.566855574716,"standard_error":1381.9362249756155}}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.criterion/single pixel/new/sample.json b/.criterion/single pixel/new/sample.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..712c74b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.criterion/single pixel/new/sample.json	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[[13.0,26.0,39.0,52.0,65.0,78.0,91.0,104.0,117.0,130.0,143.0,156.0,169.0,182.0,195.0,208.0,221.0,234.0,247.0,260.0,273.0,286.0,299.0,312.0,325.0,338.0,351.0,364.0,377.0,390.0,403.0,416.0,429.0,442.0,455.0,468.0,481.0,494.0,507.0,520.0,533.0,546.0,559.0,572.0,585.0,598.0,611.0,624.0,637.0,650.0,663.0,676.0,689.0,702.0,715.0,728.0,741.0,754.0,767.0,780.0,793.0,806.0,819.0,832.0,845.0,858.0,871.0,884.0,897.0,910.0,923.0,936.0,949.0,962.0,975.0,988.0,1001.0,1014.0,1027.0,1040.0,1053.0,1066.0,1079.0,1092.0,1105.0,1118.0,1131.0,1144.0,1157.0,1170.0,1183.0,1196.0,1209.0,1222.0,1235.0,1248.0,1261.0,1274.0,1287.0,1300.0],[1277700.0,2213500.0,2775000.0,3513600.0,8012300.0,7645800.0,11188200.0,12949600.0,8429000.0,11839300.0,11155600.0,9763500.0,13272700.0,14193200.0,15495200.0,17287300.0,16781400.0,17417000.0,18654100.0,20244800.0,24168700.0,23755000.0,21251400.0,24831000.0,22892400.0,27103300.0,23061100.0,25761200.0,24955500.0,30027500.0,30578500.0,33746400.0,44185600.0,36398400.0,34063100.0,33428900.0,32725800.0,40276200.0,45191100.0,40562500.0,55800700.0,56144600.0,45575700.0,44166500.0,44734500.0,44985500.0,46506200.0,47407600.0,54819900.0,53851600.0,55116000.0,50692500.0,48804100.0,49811900.0,51161900.0,56976400.0,59685300.0,73767300.0,55670900.0,56505900.0,57154100.0,64642600.0,60645900.0,60110500.0,63339100.0,60598800.0,61537400.0,64611100.0,65520100.0,72675200.0,99458300.0,109072000.0,87408300.0,85787800.0,97121200.0,84960400.0,85104700.0,79791100.0,75225800.0,80602300.0,84429500.0,88103700.0,79811600.0,83438500.0,86006100.0,117336100.0,91636500.0,86976700.0,93388700.0,97507200.0,96682100.0,103690300.0,100415500.0,101354700.0,94461500.0,98798500.0,98337600.0,99082500.0,103774600.0,113035200.0]]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.criterion/single pixel/new/tukey.json b/.criterion/single pixel/new/tukey.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a9b1f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.criterion/single pixel/new/tukey.json	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[47793.725490196084,61064.81146304676,96454.37405731523,109725.46003016591]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 28be01d..279c96b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,13 +2,48 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 3
 
+[[package]]
+name = "addr2line"
+version = "0.15.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e7a2e47a1fbe209ee101dd6d61285226744c6c8d3c21c8dc878ba6cb9f467f3a"
+dependencies = [
+ "gimli",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "adler"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ansi_term"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee49baf6cb617b853aa8d93bf420db2383fab46d314482ca2803b40d5fde979b"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "approx"
 version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3f2a05fd1bd10b2527e20a2cd32d8873d115b8b39fe219ee25f42a8aca6ba278"
 dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atty"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9b39be18770d11421cdb1b9947a45dd3f37e93092cbf377614828a319d5fee8"
+dependencies = [
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "libc",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -17,19 +52,123 @@ version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cdb031dd78e28731d87d56cc8ffef4a8f36ca26c38fe2de700543e627f8a464a"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "backtrace"
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+checksum = "b7815ea54e4d821e791162e078acbebfd6d8c8939cd559c9335dceb1c8ca7282"
+dependencies = [
+ "addr2line",
+ "cc",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+ "libc",
+ "miniz_oxide",
+ "object",
+ "rustc-demangle",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf1de2fe8c75bc145a2f577add951f8134889b4795d47466a54a5c846d691693"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "byteorder"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "14c189c53d098945499cdfa7ecc63567cf3886b3332b312a5b4585d8d3a6a610"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "011941fb53da1a8ac3e4132a1becc367c44fe13f630769f3143d8c66c91c6cb6"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4a72c244c1ff497a746a7e1fb3d14bd08420ecda70c8f25c7112f2781652d787"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4785bdd1c96b2a846b2bd7cc02e86b6b3dbf14e7e53446c4f54c92a361040822"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "clap"
+version = "2.33.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "37e58ac78573c40708d45522f0d80fa2f01cc4f9b4e2bf749807255454312002"
+dependencies = [
+ "ansi_term",
+ "atty",
+ "bitflags",
+ "strsim",
+ "textwrap",
+ "unicode-width",
+ "vec_map",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "criterion"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f58b0200bf321214bdda8c797cf0071bcc638171c40ec198c3f652a4edaacde3"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap",
+ "criterion-plot",
+ "criterion-stats",
+ "failure",
+ "failure_derive",
+ "isatty",
+ "itertools 0.4.19",
+ "log 0.3.9",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "simplelog",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "criterion-plot"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "885431f7865f9d4956b466126674e5ea40a0f193d42157e56630c356c5501957"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "cast",
+ "itertools 0.5.10",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "criterion-stats"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c71521cb4c7b7eac76b540e75447fb0172c4234d6333729001b886aaa21d6da4"
+dependencies = [
+ "cast",
+ "num-traits 0.1.43",
+ "num_cpus 0.2.13",
+ "rand 0.3.23",
+ "thread-scoped",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-channel"
 version = "0.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "06ed27e177f16d65f0f0c22a213e17c696ace5dd64b14258b52f9417ccb52db4"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
@@ -39,7 +178,7 @@ version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94af6efb46fef72616855b036a624cf27ba656ffc9be1b9a3c931cfc7749a9a9"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "crossbeam-epoch",
  "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
@@ -50,7 +189,7 @@ version = "0.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "52fb27eab85b17fbb9f6fd667089e07d6a2eb8743d02639ee7f6a7a7729c9c94"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "lazy_static",
  "memoffset",
@@ -64,7 +203,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4feb231f0d4d6af81aed15928e58ecf5816aa62a2393e2c82f46973e92a9a278"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
- "cfg-if",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "lazy_static",
 ]
 
@@ -74,17 +213,51 @@ version = "1.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e78d4f1cc4ae33bbfc157ed5d5a5ef3bc29227303d595861deb238fcec4e9457"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "failure"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d32e9bd16cc02eae7db7ef620b392808b89f6a5e16bb3497d159c6b92a0f4f86"
+dependencies = [
+ "backtrace",
+ "failure_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "failure_derive"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa4da3c766cd7a0db8242e326e9e4e081edd567072893ed320008189715366a4"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fuchsia-cprng"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a06f77d526c1a601b7c4cdd98f54b5eaabffc14d5f2f0296febdc7f357c6d3ba"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c9495705279e7140bf035dde1f6e750c162df8b625267cd52cc44e0b156732c8"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
  "wasi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "gimli"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0e4075386626662786ddb0ec9081e7c7eeb1ba31951f447ca780ef9f5d568189"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
 version = "0.1.18"
@@ -94,6 +267,49 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "isatty"
+version = "0.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e31a8281fc93ec9693494da65fbf28c0c2aa60a2eaec25dc58e2f31952e95edc"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 0.1.10",
+ "libc",
+ "redox_syscall",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.4.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c4a9b56eb56058f43dc66e58f40a214b2ccbc9f3df51861b63d51dec7b65bc3f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.5.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4833d6978da405305126af4ac88569b5d71ff758581ce5a987dbfa3755f694fc"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itoa"
+version = "0.4.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd25036021b0de88a0aff6b850051563c6516d0bf53f8638938edbb9de732736"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "kernel32-sys"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7507624b29483431c0ba2d82aece8ca6cdba9382bff4ddd0f7490560c056098d"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi 0.2.8",
+ "winapi-build",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -106,6 +322,24 @@ version = "0.2.94"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "18794a8ad5b29321f790b55d93dfba91e125cb1a9edbd4f8e3150acc771c1a5e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "log"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e19e8d5c34a3e0e2223db8e060f9e8264aeeb5c5fc64a4ee9965c062211c024b"
+dependencies = [
+ "log 0.4.14",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "log"
+version = "0.4.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "51b9bbe6c47d51fc3e1a9b945965946b4c44142ab8792c50835a980d362c2710"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "matrixmultiply"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -115,6 +349,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "rawpointer",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "memchr"
+version = "2.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b16bd47d9e329435e309c58469fe0791c2d0d1ba96ec0954152a5ae2b04387dc"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "memoffset"
 version = "0.6.3"
@@ -124,6 +364,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.4.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a92518e98c078586bc6c934028adcca4c92a53d6a958196de835170a01d84e4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler",
+ "autocfg",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nalgebra"
 version = "0.26.2"
@@ -134,7 +384,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "matrixmultiply",
  "num-complex",
  "num-rational",
- "num-traits",
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
  "simba",
  "typenum",
 ]
@@ -145,7 +395,7 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "747d632c0c558b87dbabbe6a82f3b4ae03720d0646ac5b7b4dae89394be5f2c5"
 dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -155,7 +405,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d2cc698a63b549a70bc047073d2949cce27cd1c7b0a4a862d08a8031bc2801db"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
- "num-traits",
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -166,7 +416,16 @@ checksum = "12ac428b1cb17fce6f731001d307d351ec70a6d202fc2e60f7d4c5e42d8f4f07"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-traits"
+version = "0.1.43"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92e5113e9fd4cc14ded8e499429f396a20f98c772a47cc8622a736e1ec843c31"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -178,6 +437,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num_cpus"
+version = "0.2.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cee7e88156f3f9e19bdd598f8d6c9db7bf4078f99f8381f43a55b09648d1a6e3"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num_cpus"
 version = "1.13.0"
@@ -188,6 +456,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "object"
+version = "0.25.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a38f2be3697a57b4060074ff41b44c16870d916ad7877c17696e063257482bc7"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
 version = "1.0.5"
@@ -200,6 +477,47 @@ version = "0.2.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac74c624d6b2d21f425f752262f42188365d7b8ff1aff74c82e45136510a4857"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro2"
+version = "1.0.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0d8caf72986c1a598726adc988bb5984792ef84f5ee5aa50209145ee8077038"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
+version = "1.0.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3d0b9745dc2debf507c8422de05d7226cc1f0644216dfdfead988f9b1ab32a7"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.3.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "64ac302d8f83c0c1974bf758f6b041c6c8ada916fbb44a609158ca8b064cc76c"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "rand 0.4.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "552840b97013b1a26992c11eac34bdd778e464601a4c2054b5f0bff7c6761293"
+dependencies = [
+ "fuchsia-cprng",
+ "libc",
+ "rand_core 0.3.1",
+ "rdrand",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.8.3"
@@ -208,7 +526,7 @@ checksum = "0ef9e7e66b4468674bfcb0c81af8b7fa0bb154fa9f28eb840da5c447baeb8d7e"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
  "rand_hc",
 ]
 
@@ -219,9 +537,24 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e12735cf05c9e10bf21534da50a147b924d555dc7a547c42e6bb2d5b6017ae0d"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a6fdeb83b075e8266dcc8762c22776f6877a63111121f5f8c7411e5be7eed4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.4.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c33a3c44ca05fa6f1807d8e6743f3824e8509beca625669633be0acbdf509dc"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand_core"
 version = "0.6.2"
@@ -237,7 +570,7 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3190ef7066a446f2e7f42e239d161e905420ccab01eb967c9eb27d21b2322a73"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.6.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -268,24 +601,80 @@ dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-deque",
  "crossbeam-utils",
  "lazy_static",
- "num_cpus",
+ "num_cpus 1.13.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rdrand"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "678054eb77286b51581ba43620cc911abf02758c91f93f479767aed0f90458b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.3.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.1.57"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41cc0f7e4d5d4544e8861606a285bb08d3e70712ccc7d2b84d7c0ccfaf4b05ce"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rtrcrs"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "criterion",
  "nalgebra",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.8.3",
  "rayon",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-demangle"
+version = "0.1.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "410f7acf3cb3a44527c5d9546bad4bf4e6c460915d5f9f2fc524498bfe8f70ce"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ryu"
+version = "1.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "71d301d4193d031abdd79ff7e3dd721168a9572ef3fe51a1517aba235bd8f86e"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "scopeguard"
 version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d29ab0c6d3fc0ee92fe66e2d99f700eab17a8d57d1c1d3b748380fb20baa78cd"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "serde"
+version = "1.0.126"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec7505abeacaec74ae4778d9d9328fe5a5d04253220a85c4ee022239fc996d03"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_derive"
+version = "1.0.126"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "963a7dbc9895aeac7ac90e74f34a5d5261828f79df35cbed41e10189d3804d43"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_json"
+version = "1.0.64"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "799e97dc9fdae36a5c8b8f2cae9ce2ee9fdce2058c57a93e6099d919fd982f79"
+dependencies = [
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "simba"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -294,18 +683,145 @@ checksum = "5132a955559188f3d13c9ba831e77c802ddc8782783f050ed0c52f5988b95f4c"
 dependencies = [
  "approx",
  "num-complex",
- "num-traits",
+ "num-traits 0.2.14",
  "paste",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "simplelog"
+version = "0.4.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "24b615b1a3cc51ffa565d9a1d0cfcc49fe7d64737ada84eca284cddb0292d125"
+dependencies = [
+ "log 0.3.9",
+ "term",
+ "time",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "strsim"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ea5119cdb4c55b55d432abb513a0429384878c15dde60cc77b1c99de1a95a6a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "1.0.73"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f71489ff30030d2ae598524f61326b902466f72a0fb1a8564c001cc63425bcc7"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "synstructure"
+version = "0.12.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b834f2d66f734cb897113e34aaff2f1ab4719ca946f9a7358dba8f8064148701"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "term"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fa63644f74ce96fbeb9b794f66aff2a52d601cbd5e80f4b97123e3899f4570f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "kernel32-sys",
+ "winapi 0.2.8",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "textwrap"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d326610f408c7a4eb6f51c37c330e496b08506c9457c9d34287ecc38809fb060"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thread-scoped"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bcbb6aa301e5d3b0b5ef639c9a9c7e2f1c944f177b460c04dc24c69b1fa2bd99"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "time"
+version = "0.1.43"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca8a50ef2360fbd1eeb0ecd46795a87a19024eb4b53c5dc916ca1fd95fe62438"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typenum"
 version = "1.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "879f6906492a7cd215bfa4cf595b600146ccfac0c79bcbd1f3000162af5e8b06"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9337591893a19b88d8d87f2cec1e73fad5cdfd10e5a6f349f498ad6ea2ffb1e3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ccb82d61f80a663efe1f787a51b16b5a51e3314d6ac365b08639f52387b33f3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "vec_map"
+version = "0.8.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1bddf1187be692e79c5ffeab891132dfb0f236ed36a43c7ed39f1165ee20191"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.10.2+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "fd6fbd9a79829dd1ad0cc20627bf1ed606756a7f77edff7b66b7064f9cb327c6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi"
+version = "0.2.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "167dc9d6949a9b857f3451275e911c3f44255842c1f7a76f33c55103a909087a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-build"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2d315eee3b34aca4797b2da6b13ed88266e6d612562a0c46390af8299fc699bc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0d95716..26a860a 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,3 +11,11 @@ edition = "2018"
 nalgebra = "0.26"
 rand = "0.8.0"
 rayon = "1.5"
+
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+criterion = "0.1.2"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "main"
+harness = false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/main.rs b/benches/main.rs
similarity index 88%
rename from tests/main.rs
rename to benches/main.rs
index 3494233..1690b30 100644
--- a/tests/main.rs
+++ b/benches/main.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-#![feature(test)]
+// #![feature(test)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate criterion;
 
-extern crate test;
+use criterion::Criterion;
 
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use rtrcrs::{
     camera::Camera,
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ use rtrcrs::{
 const ASPECT_RATIO: f64 = 16.0 / 9.0;
 const IMAGE_WIDTH: i32 = 400;
 const IMAGE_HEIGHT: i32 = (IMAGE_WIDTH as f64 / ASPECT_RATIO) as i32;
-const SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL: i32 = 100;
+const SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL: i32 = 8;
 const MAX_DEPTH: i32 = 50;
 
 struct RayTracer {
@@ -96,18 +98,15 @@ impl RayTracer {
     }
 }
 
-#[bench]
-fn benchmark_single_pixel(b: &mut test::Bencher) {
+fn benchmark_single_pixel(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let tracer = RayTracer::default();
-
-    b.iter(|| tracer.color(2, 3));
+    c.bench_function("Single pixel", |b| b.iter(|| tracer.color(2, 3)));
 }
 
-#[bench]
-fn benchmark_image(b: &mut test::Bencher) {
+fn benchmark_image(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let tracer = RayTracer::default();
 
-    b.iter(|| {
+    c.bench_function("Image", |b|b.iter(|| {
         (0..IMAGE_HEIGHT)
             .into_par_iter()
             .rev()
@@ -117,5 +116,8 @@ fn benchmark_image(b: &mut test::Bencher) {
                     .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
             })
             .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
-    });
+    }));
 }
+
+criterion_group!(benches, benchmark_single_pixel, benchmark_image);
+criterion_main!(benches);

From c3d2657998e11e9b98b9453ea95df0f270dbf592 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Devdutt Shenoi <devdutt@outlook.in>
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2021 15:58:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Add test for camera, ray-tracer

---
 src/camera.rs | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/camera.rs b/src/camera.rs
index a72688e..951b95d 100644
--- a/src/camera.rs
+++ b/src/camera.rs
@@ -58,3 +58,20 @@ impl Camera {
         )
     }
 }
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ray_test() {
+        let vec = &Vec3::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+        let cam = Camera::new(vec, vec, vec, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+        let nan_vec = Vec3::new(f64::NAN, f64::NAN, f64::NAN);
+        let expected = format!("{:?}", Ray::new(nan_vec, nan_vec));
+        let ray = format!("{:?}", cam.get_ray(1.0, 1.0));
+
+        assert_eq!(ray, expected);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From a5016db7ab778ab04851866635a900b710e3e3d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Devdutt Shenoi <devdutt@outlook.in>
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2021 17:18:09 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Add tests to various definitions in rtrcrs

---
 src/definitions.rs | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/definitions.rs b/src/definitions.rs
index 02766a1..3662693 100644
--- a/src/definitions.rs
+++ b/src/definitions.rs
@@ -94,28 +94,21 @@ pub fn random_scene() -> HittableList {
         1000.0,
         ground_material,
     )));
-    let rand = || random_double(0.0, 1.0);
-    let rand_color = |min, max| {
-        Color::new(
-            random_double(min, max),
-            random_double(min, max),
-            random_double(min, max),
-        )
-    };
+
     for a in -11..11 {
         for b in -11..11 {
-            let center = Point3::new(a as f64 + 0.9 * rand(), 0.2, b as f64 + 0.9 * rand());
+            let center = Point3::new(a as f64 + 0.9, 0.2, b as f64 + 0.9);
             let point = center - Point3::new(4.0, 0.2, 0.0);
             if point.dot(&point).sqrt() > 0.9 {
-                match (rand() * 100.0) as u8 {
+                match ((a / b) as f64 * 100.0) as u8 {
                     0..=79 => {
-                        let albedo = rand_color(0.0, 1.0);
+                        let albedo = Color::new(0.8, 0.2, 0.3);
                         let sphere_material = Arc::new(Lambertian::new(albedo));
                         world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(center, 0.2, sphere_material)));
                     }
                     8..=94 => {
-                        let albedo = rand_color(0.5, 1.0);
-                        let fuzz = random_double(0.0, 0.5);
+                        let albedo = Color::new(0.5, 0.8, 0.9);
+                        let fuzz = 0.31415;
                         let sphere_material = Arc::new(Metal::new(albedo, fuzz));
                         world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(center, 0.2, sphere_material)));
                     }
@@ -150,3 +143,41 @@ pub fn random_scene() -> HittableList {
 
     world
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn degrees_to_radians_test() {
+        assert_eq!(degrees_to_radians(1.0), 0.017453292519943295);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn random_double_test() {
+        let r = random_double(0.5, 0.9);
+        assert!( r >= 0.5 && r <= 0.9);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn near_zero_test() {
+        assert!(near_zero(Vec3::new(0.00000000001,0.00000000001,0.00000000001)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reflect_test() {
+        let n = Vec3::new(0.1,0.1,0.1);
+        assert_eq!(reflect(&n,&n), Vec3::new(0.094, 0.094, 0.094));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn refract_test() {
+        let n = Vec3::new(0.1,0.1,0.1);
+        assert_eq!(refract(&n,&n, 0.1), Vec3::new(-0.09028588550390501, -0.09028588550390501, -0.09028588550390501));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reflectance_test() {
+        assert_eq!(reflectance(0.1, 0.1), 0.8646247933884298);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From 6135b72093d61f2b93b58658f45487dc5a73b6d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Devdutt Shenoi <devdutt@outlook.in>
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2021 17:19:34 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Refactor example into modular code

---
 examples/example.rs | 163 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 1 file changed, 93 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/example.rs b/examples/example.rs
index 4972cad..823b86a 100644
--- a/examples/example.rs
+++ b/examples/example.rs
@@ -2,104 +2,127 @@ use rayon::prelude::*;
 use std::{
     io::{stderr, Write},
     sync::Arc,
+    time::Instant,
 };
 
 use rtrcrs::{
     camera::Camera,
     color::{anti_aliased, Color},
-    definitions::{random_double, random_scene},
+    definitions::random_double,
+    hittable_list::HittableList,
     material::{Dielectric, Lambertian, Metal},
     ray::Point3,
     sphere::Sphere,
     Vec3,
 };
 
+// Image
+const ASPECT_RATIO: f64 = 16.0 / 9.0;
+const IMAGE_WIDTH: i32 = 1920;
+const IMAGE_HEIGHT: i32 = (IMAGE_WIDTH as f64 / ASPECT_RATIO) as i32;
+const SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL: i32 = 100;
+const MAX_DEPTH: i32 = 50;
+
+pub struct RayTracer {
+    world: HittableList,
+    camera: Camera,
+}
+
+impl RayTracer {
+    pub fn default() -> Self {
+        //World
+        let mut world = HittableList::default();
+
+        let ground_material = Arc::new(Lambertian::new(Color::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)));
+        world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+            Point3::new(0.0, -1000.0, 0.0),
+            1000.0,
+            ground_material,
+        )));
+
+        let material1 = Arc::new(Dielectric::new(1.5));
+        world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+            Point3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+            1.0,
+            material1,
+        )));
+
+        let material2 = Arc::new(Lambertian::new(Color::new(0.4, 0.2, 0.1)));
+        world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+            Point3::new(-4.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+            1.0,
+            material2,
+        )));
+
+        let material3 = Arc::new(Metal::new(Color::new(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0.0));
+        world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+            Point3::new(4.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+            1.0,
+            material3,
+        )));
+
+        // Camera
+        let camera = Camera::new(
+            &Point3::new(13.0, 2.0, 3.0),
+            &Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+            &Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+            20.0,
+            ASPECT_RATIO,
+            0.1,
+            10.0,
+        );
+
+        Self { world, camera }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(&self, i: u16, j: u16) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let pixel_color: Color = (0..SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL)
+            .map(|_| {
+                let (u, v) = (
+                    (i as f64 + random_double(0.0, 1.0)) / (IMAGE_WIDTH - 1) as f64,
+                    (j as f64 + random_double(0.0, 1.0)) / (IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1) as f64,
+                );
+                self.camera.get_ray(u, v).color(&self.world, MAX_DEPTH)
+            })
+            .sum();
+        anti_aliased(pixel_color, SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL)
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| (c * 255.9) as u8)
+            .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+    }
+}
+
 fn main() {
-    // Image
-    const ASPECT_RATIO: f64 = 16.0 / 9.0;
-    const IMAGE_WIDTH: i32 = 400;
-    const IMAGE_HEIGHT: i32 = (IMAGE_WIDTH as f64 / ASPECT_RATIO) as i32;
-    const SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL: i32 = 100;
-    const MAX_DEPTH: i32 = 50;
-
-    //World
-    let mut world = random_scene();
-
-    let material_ground = Arc::new(Lambertian::new(Color::new(0.8, 0.8, 0.0)));
-    let material_center = Arc::new(Lambertian::new(Color::new(0.1, 0.2, 0.5)));
-    let material_left = Arc::new(Dielectric::new(1.5));
-    let material_right = Arc::new(Metal::new(Color::new(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.0));
-
-    world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
-        Point3::new(0.0, -100.5, -1.0),
-        100.0,
-        material_ground,
-    )));
-    world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
-        Point3::new(-1.0, 0.0, -1.0),
-        0.5,
-        material_left.clone(),
-    )));
-    world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
-        Point3::new(-1.0, 0.0, -1.0),
-        -0.45,
-        material_left,
-    )));
-    world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
-        Point3::new(1.0, 0.0, -1.0),
-        0.5,
-        material_right,
-    )));
-    world.add(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
-        Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, -1.0),
-        0.5,
-        material_center,
-    )));
-
-    // Camera
-    let camera = Camera::new(
-        &Point3::new(13.0, 2.0, 3.0),
-        &Point3::new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-        &Vec3::new(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
-        20.0,
-        ASPECT_RATIO,
-        0.1,
-        10.0,
-    );
+    let now = Instant::now();
+    let tracer = Arc::new(RayTracer::default());
 
     // Render
     println!("P3\n{} {}\n255", IMAGE_WIDTH, IMAGE_HEIGHT);
-    std::env::set_var("RAYON_NUM_THREADS", "4");
+    // std::env::set_var("RAYON_NUM_THREADS", "4");
     let image = (0..IMAGE_HEIGHT)
         .into_par_iter()
         .rev()
         .flat_map(|j| {
             eprint!("\rScanlines remaining: {} ", j);
             stderr().flush().unwrap();
-            (0..IMAGE_WIDTH)
-                .flat_map(|i| {
-                    let pixel_color: Color = (0..SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL)
-                        .map(|_| {
-                            let (u, v) = (
-                                (i as f64 + random_double(0.0, 1.0)) / (IMAGE_WIDTH - 1) as f64,
-                                (j as f64 + random_double(0.0, 1.0)) / (IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1) as f64,
-                            );
-                            camera.get_ray(u, v).color(&world, MAX_DEPTH)
-                        })
-                        .sum();
-                    anti_aliased(pixel_color, SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL)
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|c| (c * 255.9) as u8)
-                        .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
-                })
-                .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+            let mut scanline = vec![];
+            for i in 0..IMAGE_WIDTH {
+                eprint!("\r[{}, {}]", i, j);
+                stderr().flush().unwrap();
+                scanline.append(&mut tracer.render(i as u16, j as u16));
+            }
+            scanline
         })
         .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
 
+    eprintln!("Pixel rendering: {} nanoseconds", now.elapsed().as_nanos());
+
     for pc in image.chunks(3) {
         println!("{} {} {}", pc[0], pc[1], pc[2]);
     }
 
+    eprintln!("Pixel printing: {} nanoseconds", now.elapsed().as_nanos());
+
     eprintln!("\rImage Generated.");
     stderr().flush().unwrap();
 }

From a816951fdf212d4e6a8377fe212eead9ed556f0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Devdutt Shenoi <devdutt@outlook.in>
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 12:45:14 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Add minimum 1 test per unit

---
 benches/main.rs      | 24 +++++++++++++-----------
 src/camera.rs        |  3 +--
 src/color.rs         | 13 +++++++++++++
 src/definitions.rs   | 26 +++++++++++++++++++-------
 src/hittable.rs      | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 src/hittable_list.rs | 15 +++++++++++++++
 src/material.rs      | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/ray.rs           |  1 +
 src/sphere.rs        | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 tests/images.rs      |  1 +
 10 files changed, 137 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/images.rs

diff --git a/benches/main.rs b/benches/main.rs
index 1690b30..a7f41ef 100644
--- a/benches/main.rs
+++ b/benches/main.rs
@@ -106,17 +106,19 @@ fn benchmark_single_pixel(c: &mut Criterion) {
 fn benchmark_image(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let tracer = RayTracer::default();
 
-    c.bench_function("Image", |b|b.iter(|| {
-        (0..IMAGE_HEIGHT)
-            .into_par_iter()
-            .rev()
-            .flat_map(|j| {
-                (0..IMAGE_WIDTH)
-                    .flat_map(|i| tracer.color(i, j))
-                    .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
-    }));
+    c.bench_function("Image", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            (0..IMAGE_HEIGHT)
+                .into_par_iter()
+                .rev()
+                .flat_map(|j| {
+                    (0..IMAGE_WIDTH)
+                        .flat_map(|i| tracer.color(i, j))
+                        .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+                })
+                .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+        })
+    });
 }
 
 criterion_group!(benches, benchmark_single_pixel, benchmark_image);
diff --git a/src/camera.rs b/src/camera.rs
index 951b95d..1ae09aa 100644
--- a/src/camera.rs
+++ b/src/camera.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ impl Camera {
     }
 }
 
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use super::*;
@@ -74,4 +73,4 @@ mod test {
 
         assert_eq!(ray, expected);
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/color.rs b/src/color.rs
index 3872a02..eeea540 100644
--- a/src/color.rs
+++ b/src/color.rs
@@ -7,3 +7,16 @@ pub fn anti_aliased(color: Color, samples_per_pixel: i32) -> Color {
 
     Color::new(sample(color.x), sample(color.y), sample(color.z))
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn anti_aliasing_test() {
+        let c = Color::new(0.9, 0.2, 0.1);
+        let aac = anti_aliased(c, 2);
+
+        assert_eq!(aac, Color::new(0.6708203932499369, 0.31622776601683794, 0.22360679774997896));
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/definitions.rs b/src/definitions.rs
index 3662693..0b97c89 100644
--- a/src/definitions.rs
+++ b/src/definitions.rs
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ pub fn reflectance(cosine: f64, ref_idx: f64) -> f64 {
     r0 + (1.0 - r0) * (1.0 - cosine).powi(5)
 }
 
+/// Generates a random scene HittableList
 pub fn random_scene() -> HittableList {
     let mut world = HittableList::default();
 
@@ -156,28 +157,39 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn random_double_test() {
         let r = random_double(0.5, 0.9);
-        assert!( r >= 0.5 && r <= 0.9);
+        assert!(r >= 0.5 && r <= 0.9);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn near_zero_test() {
-        assert!(near_zero(Vec3::new(0.00000000001,0.00000000001,0.00000000001)));
+        assert!(near_zero(Vec3::new(
+            0.00000000001,
+            0.00000000001,
+            0.00000000001
+        )));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn reflect_test() {
-        let n = Vec3::new(0.1,0.1,0.1);
-        assert_eq!(reflect(&n,&n), Vec3::new(0.094, 0.094, 0.094));
+        let n = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
+        assert_eq!(reflect(&n, &n), Vec3::new(0.094, 0.094, 0.094));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn refract_test() {
-        let n = Vec3::new(0.1,0.1,0.1);
-        assert_eq!(refract(&n,&n, 0.1), Vec3::new(-0.09028588550390501, -0.09028588550390501, -0.09028588550390501));
+        let n = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            refract(&n, &n, 0.1),
+            Vec3::new(
+                -0.09028588550390501,
+                -0.09028588550390501,
+                -0.09028588550390501
+            )
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn reflectance_test() {
         assert_eq!(reflectance(0.1, 0.1), 0.8646247933884298);
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/hittable.rs b/src/hittable.rs
index 88b099c..942f48a 100644
--- a/src/hittable.rs
+++ b/src/hittable.rs
@@ -39,3 +39,19 @@ pub trait Hittable: Sync + Send {
     /// Defines the hit operation on the object with the provided Ray.
     fn hit(&self, ray: &Ray, t_min: f64, t_max: f64) -> Option<HitRecord>;
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_face_normal_test() {
+        let mut hr = HitRecord::default();
+        let on = Vec3::new(1.5, 0.1, 0.9);
+        let r = Ray::new(on, on);
+        hr.set_face_normal(&r, &on);
+
+        assert_eq!(hr.front_face, false);
+        assert_eq!(hr.normal, -on);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/hittable_list.rs b/src/hittable_list.rs
index e3b1ae6..fcb3520 100644
--- a/src/hittable_list.rs
+++ b/src/hittable_list.rs
@@ -40,3 +40,18 @@ impl Hittable for HittableList {
         hit_anything
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::Vec3;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hit_nothing_test() {
+        let hl = HittableList::default();
+        let v = Vec3::new(0.1, 0.1, 0.1);
+        let r = Ray::new(v, v);
+
+        assert!(hl.hit(&r, 0.1, 0.1).is_none());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/material.rs b/src/material.rs
index da265dc..72a82a6 100644
--- a/src/material.rs
+++ b/src/material.rs
@@ -90,3 +90,45 @@ impl Material for Dielectric {
         Some((Color::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0), Ray::new(rec.point, direction)))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::Vec3;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lambertian_test() {
+        let l = Lambertian::new(Color::new(0.4, 0.5, 0.6));
+        let on = Vec3::new(1.5, 0.1, 0.9);
+        let r = Ray::new(on, on);
+        let hr = HitRecord::default();
+        let s = l.scatter(&r, &hr, &r);
+        assert!(s.is_some());
+
+        let (sc, _) = s.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(sc, Color::new(0.4, 0.5, 0.6));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn metal_test() {
+        let m = Metal::new(Color::new(0.4, 0.5, 0.6), 0.5);
+        let on = Vec3::new(1.2, 1.0, 1.1);
+        let r = Ray::new(on, on);
+        let hr = HitRecord::default();
+        let s = m.scatter(&r, &hr, &r);
+        assert!(s.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dielectric_test() {
+        let d = Dielectric::new(0.6);
+        let on = Vec3::new(1.5, 0.1, 0.9);
+        let r = Ray::new(on, on);
+        let hr = HitRecord::default();
+        let s = d.scatter(&r, &hr, &r);
+        assert!(s.is_some());
+
+        let (sc, _) = s.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(sc, Color::new(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/ray.rs b/src/ray.rs
index c9fe666..137ff0f 100644
--- a/src/ray.rs
+++ b/src/ray.rs
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(ray.direction(), dir);
         assert_eq!(ray.at(3.0), origin + dir * 3.0);
     }
+
     #[test]
     fn color_test() {
         let origin = Point3::new(3.0, 2.0, 1.0);
diff --git a/src/sphere.rs b/src/sphere.rs
index 41f91c2..5050550 100644
--- a/src/sphere.rs
+++ b/src/sphere.rs
@@ -62,3 +62,19 @@ impl Hittable for Sphere {
         Some(rec)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::material::Metal;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sphere_test() {
+        let v = Point3::new(3.0, 2.0, 1.0);
+        let s = Sphere::new(v, 0.5, Arc::new(Metal::new(v, 0.1)));
+        let r = Ray::new(v, v);
+        let h = s.hit(&r, 0.3, 0.4);
+
+        assert!(h.is_none());
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/images.rs b/tests/images.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/images.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+