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<font color=blue size=+4><b>m1u1</b></font>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>en<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>joy<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>able </b></font> / <FONT color=red>inˈdʒɔiəbl / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br>• giving pleasure<br><font color=#FF5000>• 有乐趣的；使人快乐的；令人愉快的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an enjoyable weekend / experience </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 令人愉快的周末/经历 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">highly / really / thoroughly / very enjoyable </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 非常令人愉快 </font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>en<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>joy<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ably </b></font> / <FONT color=red>-əbli</SPæŋ> / </SPæŋ><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv.</i></b></font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The evening passed enjoyably. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这个晚上过得很愉快。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>ex<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>peri<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ence </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ikˈspiəriəns; NAmE -ˈspir- / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing sth for a period of time; the process of gaining this<br><font color=#FF5000>• (由实践得来的)经验；实践</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to have over ten years<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> teaching experience </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 有十多年教学经验 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Do you have any <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">previous experience </SPAN>of this type of work?</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你以前干过这种工作吗？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a doctor with <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">experience in </SPAN>dealing with patients suffering from stress</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在治疗受到压力的病人方面很有经验的医生 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »My lack of <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">practical experience </SPAN>was a disadvantage.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我缺少实际经验是个不利条件。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She didn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t get paid much but it was all <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">good experience</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她得到的报酬虽然不高,但有极好的体验。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He gained valuable experience whilst working on the project. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 从事这项工程使他获得了宝贵的经验。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We all <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">learn by experience</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们都从经验中学习。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://work experience">work experience</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the things that have happened to you that influence the way you think and behave<br><font color=#FF5000>• 经历；阅历</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Experience has taught me that life can be very unfair. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 经过的事使我懂得生活可能是很不公平的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It is important to try and <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">learn from experience</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 努力从经验中学习是重要的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">In my experience</SPAN>, very few people really understand the problem.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 据我的经验看,真正理解这个问题的人很少。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She knew <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">from past experience </SPAN>that Ann would not give up easily.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她凭以往的经验知道安是不会轻易放弃的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The book is based on <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">personal experience</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 本书是以个人经历为基础的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">direct / first-hand experience </SPAN>of poverty</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 对贫穷的直接/亲身感受 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (of sth) </SPAN> an event or activity that affects you in some way<br><font color=#FF5000>• (一次)经历,体验</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an enjoyable / exciting / unusual / unforgettable, etc. experience </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 愉快、激动人心、异乎寻常、难以忘记等的经历 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It was her first experience of living alone. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 那是她第一次单独生活。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Living in Africa was very different from home and <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">quite an experience </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= unusual for us)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 生活在非洲完全不同于在家里,那真是一次不同寻常的经历。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I had a bad experience with fireworks once. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我放烟火有过一次不愉快的遭遇。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He seems to have had some sort of religious experience. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他似乎有某种宗教体验。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. the... experience <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN> events or knowledge shared by all the members of a particular group in society, that influences the way they think and behave<br><font color=#FF5000>• 传统</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »musical forms like jazz that emerged out of the Black American experience </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 诸如爵士乐这类起源于美国黑人传统的音乐形式 </font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> put sth down to ex<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>perience </SPAN><br>• (also <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">chalk sth up to ex<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>perience</SPAN>) </SPAN>used to say that sb should think of a failure as being sth that they can learn from<br><font color=#FF5000>• 从…中吸取教训</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We lost a lot of money, but we just put it down to experience. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们损失了很多钱,只当是吃一堑长一智了。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><br> 1. to have a particular situation affect you or happen to you<br><font color=#FF5000>• 经历；经受；遭受</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The country experienced a foreign currency shortage for several months. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这个国家经历了几个月的外汇短缺。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to have and be aware of a particular emotion or physical feeling<br><font color=#FF5000>• 感受；体会；体验</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to experience pain / pleasure / unhappiness </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 感受痛苦/愉快/不幸 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I experienced a moment of panic as I boarded the plane. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我上飞机时曾一度感到恐慌。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>as<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>sem<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>bly </b></font> / <FONT color=red>əˈsembli / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font> (pl. <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">-ies</SPAN>)<br> 1. (also <font color=blue size=+1><b>As<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>sem<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>bly</b></font>) <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a group of people who have been elected to meet together regularly and make decisions or laws for a particular region or country<br><font color=#FF5000>• 立法机构；会议；议会</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">State / legislative / federal / local assemblies </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 州众议院；立法会议；联邦/地方议会 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Power has been handed over to provincial and regional assemblies. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 权力已移交给省和地区议会。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The national assembly has voted to adopt the budget. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 国民议会已表决通过预算。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the California Assembly </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 美国加利福尼亚州众议院 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the UN General Assembly </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 联合国大会 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C] </SPAN> the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose; a group of people who meet together for a particular purpose<br><font color=#FF5000>• 集会；(统称)集会者</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They were fighting for freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们为言论自由和集会自由而斗争。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He was to address a public assembly on the issue. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他要对公众集会发表演说谈论这个问题。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">assembly point </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= a place where people have been asked to meet) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 集会地点 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN> a meeting of the teachers and students in a school, usually at the start of the day, to give information, discuss school events or say prayers together<br><font color=#FF5000>• (全校师生的)晨会,朝会</font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the process of putting together the parts of sth such as a vehicle or piece of furniture<br><font color=#FF5000>• 装配；组装；总成</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 组装书橱应该是个简单的装配活。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a car assembly plant </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 汽车装配厂 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>head<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>mas<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ter </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌhedˈmɑ:stə(r); NAme -ˈmæs- / <SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-size:120%">, head<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>mis<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>tress </SPAN> / <FONT color=red>ˌhedˈmistrəs / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>• (becoming <SPAN style="font-style:italic">old-fashioned</SPAN>) </SPAN>(<SPAN style="color:darkgreen"><I>NAmE</I> usually </SPAN><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">prin<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ci<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>pal</SPAN>) </SPAN> a teacher who is in charge of a school, especially a private school<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指私立学校的)校长</font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://head teacher">head teacher</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>earn </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ə:n; NAmE ə:rn / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. to get money for work that you do<br><font color=#FF5000>• 挣得；赚得；挣钱</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He earns about $40 000 a year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他一年大约挣 4 万元。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">earned a living </SPAN>as a part-time secretary.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她靠做兼职秘书为生。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She must <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">earn a fortune </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= earn a lot of money)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她准是挣了一大笔钱。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VNN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »His victory in the tournament earned him $50 000. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他在这次锦标赛中获胜,挣得了 5 万元。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »All the children are earning now. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 所有子女都在挣钱了。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to get money as profit or interest on money you lend, have in a bank, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 生(利)；获(利)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Your money would earn more in a high-interest account. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你的钱放在高利息账户里可获利更多。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to get sth that you deserve, usually because of sth good you have done or because of the good qualities you have<br><font color=#FF5000>• 应得；博得；赢得</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He earned a reputation as an expert on tax law. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他赢得了税法专家的美名。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »As a teacher, she had earned the respect of her students. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 作为教师,她赢得了学生的尊敬。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I need a rest. I think I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve earned it, don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t you? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我需要休息一下。我觉得应该让我歇一歇,你说是不是？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s having a well-earned rest this week. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她本周休假,这完全是应当的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VNN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他非凡的能耐为他在队中赢得了一席之地。 </font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌearn a / your 'crust </SPæŋ><br><SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">(BrE</SPæŋ>, <SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">informal</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to earn enough money to live on<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 挣钱餬口；谋生</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌearn your 'keep </SPæŋ><br> 1. to do useful or helpful things in return for being allowed to live or stay somewhere<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 挣口饭吃；为有栖身之处而工作</font></SPAN><br> 2. to be worth the amount of time or money that is being spent<br><font color=#FF5000>• 值得所花的时间(或金钱)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He felt he no longer deserved such a high salary. He just wasn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t earning his keep. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他认为他不应再得到那么高的薪金了。他根本不配拿那么多钱。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>--› more at<b> <a href="bword://spur">spur</a> </b></SPAN>n. </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>re<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>spect </b></font> / <FONT color=red>riˈspekt / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sb / sth) </SPAN> a feeling of admiration for sb / sth because of their good qualities or achievements<br><font color=#FF5000>• 尊敬；敬意；尊重</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I have the greatest respect for your brother. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »A two-minute silence was held as a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">mark of respect</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 人们静默两分钟以示尊敬。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »A deep mutual respect and understanding developed between them. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们之间产生了深切的相互尊重和理解。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://self-respect">self-respect</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【OPP】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://disrespect">disrespect</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sb / sth) </SPAN> polite behaviour towards or care for sb / sth that you think is important<br><font color=#FF5000>• 重视；尊重；维护</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to show a lack of respect for authority </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 蔑视权威 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He has no respect for her feelings. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他根本不尊重她的感情。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Everyone has a right to be <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">treated with respect</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 人人有权受到尊重。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【OPP】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://disrespect">disrespect</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a particular aspect or detail of sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• (事物的)方面,细节</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">In this respect </SPAN>we are very fortunate.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在这方面,我们是很幸运的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »There was one respect, however, in which they differed. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 然而,他们在一点上有分歧。 </font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in respect of sth </SPAN><br>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN> </SPAN>or <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">business 商) </SPAN><br> 1. concerning<br><font color=#FF5000>• 关于；就…而言</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »A writ was served on the firm in respect of their unpaid bill. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 公司由于欠账而收到了传票。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. in payment for sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 作为…的报酬</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »money received in respect of overtime worked </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 得到的加班费 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> with re<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>spect </SPAN>| <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> with all due re<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>spect </SPAN><br>• (<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN>used when you are going to disagree, usually quite strongly, with sb<br><font color=#FF5000>• (通常在表示强烈不同意之前说)恕我直言</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »With all due respect, the figures simply do not support you on this. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 恕我直言,这些数字根本不能支持你的观点。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> with respect to sth </SPAN><br>•(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN> </SPAN>or <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">business 商) </SPAN> concerning<br><font color=#FF5000>• 关于；就…而言</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The two groups were similar with respect to income and status. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。 </font></SPAN><br>--› more at<b> <a href="bword://due">due</a> </b></SPAN>adj.</SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://pay">pay</a> </b></SPAN>v. </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb / sth (for sth) </SPAN> to have a very good opinion of sb / sth; to admire sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 尊敬；尊重；仰慕</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I respect Jack<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s opinion on most subjects. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在大多数事情上,我尊重杰克的意见。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She had always been honest with me, and I respect her for that. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她一直对我很诚实。我非常敬重她这一点。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a much loved and <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">highly respected </SPAN>teacher</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 倍受爱戴和尊敬的老师 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to be careful about sth; to make sure you do not do sth that sb would consider to be wrong<br><font color=#FF5000>• 慎重对待；谨慎从事；尊重</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to respect other people<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s property </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 不侵犯别人的财产 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She promised to respect our wishes. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她保证尊重我们的愿望。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He doesn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t respect other people<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s right to privacy. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他不尊重别人的隐私权。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to agree not to break a law, principle, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 遵守；不损害；不违背</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The new leader has promised to respect the constitution. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 新的领导人承诺遵守宪法。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>de<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>vote </b></font> / <FONT color=red>diˈvəut; NAmE diˈvout / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【PHR V】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> de<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>vote yourself to sb / sth </SPAN><br>• to give most of your time, energy, attention, etc. to sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 献身；致力；专心</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She devoted herself to her career. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她全力倾注于自己的事业。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> de<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>vote sth to sth </SPAN><br>• to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 把…用于</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I could only devote two hours a day to the work. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>lit<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>era<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ture </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈlitrətʃə(r)<SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">; NAmE also </SPæŋ>-tʃur / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U] </SPAN><br> 1. pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc.)<br><font color=#FF5000>• 文学；文学作品</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »French literature </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 法国文学 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »great <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">works of literature </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 文学巨着 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (on sth) </SPAN> pieces of writing or printed information on a particular subject<br><font color=#FF5000>• (某学科的)文献,着作,资料</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve read all the available literature on keeping rabbits. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我阅读了我能找到的养兔的全部资料。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »sales literature </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 推销商品的宣传资料 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>aver<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>age </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈævəridʒ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[only before noun] </SPAN> calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts<br><font color=#FF5000>• 平均的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">average rate / cost / price </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 平均费率/成本/价格 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Average earnings are around £20 000 per annum. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 年平均收入约为 2 万英镑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »at an average speed of 100 miles per hour </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 以平均每小时 100 英里的速度 </font></SPAN><br> 2. typical or normal<br><font color=#FF5000>• 典型的；正常的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »40 hours is a fairly average working week for most people. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 对大多数人来说,一周工作 40 小时是相当正常的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »children of <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">above / below average </SPAN>intelligence</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 高于/低于一般智力的儿童 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »£20 for dinner is about average. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 花 20 英镑吃正餐算是价格一般。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. ordinary; not special<br><font color=#FF5000>• 普通的；平常的；一般的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I was just an average sort of student. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我只是一个普通的学生。 </font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>aver<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>age<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ly </b></font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv.</i></b></font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He was attractive and averagely intelligent. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他讨人喜欢,智力一般。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN><br> 1. the result of adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts<br><font color=#FF5000>• 平均数</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> * 4、5、9 三个数的平均数是 6。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Parents spend <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">an average of </SPAN>$220 a year on toys.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 父母为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为 220 元。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »If I get an A on this essay, that will bring my average <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= average mark / grade) </SPAN>up to a B+.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 如果我的这篇论文得 A,我的平均成绩就会提高到 B+。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://grade point average">grade point average</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. a level which is usual<br><font color=#FF5000>• 平均水平；一般水准</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Temperatures are <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">above / below average </SPAN>for the time of year.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 温度高于/低于此时的年平均温度。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »400 people a year die of this disease <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">on average</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 平均每年有 400 人死于这种疾病。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Class sizes in the school are below <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">the national average</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这所学校班上的人数少于全国平均数。 </font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV>--› see<b> <a href="bword://law">law</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[no passive] </SPAN> to be equal to a particular amount as an average<br><font color=#FF5000>• 平均为</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 明年经济增长预计平均可达 2%。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= to have that as their average speed)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 估计伦敦的驾车者平均时速为 12 英里。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to calculate the average of sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 计算出…的平均数</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Earnings are averaged over the whole period. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 所计算的是整个时期的平均收入。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [also V] </SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【PHR V】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌaverage 'out (at sth) </SPæŋ><br>• to result in an average amount over a period of time or when several things are considered<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 平均数为</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The cost should average out at about £6 per person. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 费用应该是平均每人约 6 英镑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Sometimes I pay, sometimes he pays—it seems to average out <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= result in us paying the same amount)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 有时我付钱,有时他付钱——看来两相持平。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌaverage sth∽'out (at sth) </SPæŋ><br>• to calculate the average of sth<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 计算出…的平均数</font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>strug<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>gle </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈstrʌɡl / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sth) </SPAN> to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems<br><font color=#FF5000>• 奋斗；努力；争取</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a country struggling for independence </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 为独立而奋斗的国家 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Shona <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">struggled for breath</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 肖娜艰难地喘着气。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »life as a struggling artist <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= six who is very poor) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一个生活难以温饱的艺术家 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">to</SPAN> <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> inf</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They struggled just to pay their bills. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to move somewhere or do sth with difficulty<br><font color=#FF5000>• 艰难地行进；吃力地进行</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Paul struggled out of his wheelchair. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 保罗挣扎着下了轮椅。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (against / with sb / sth) </SPAN> to fight against sb / sth in order to prevent a bad situation or result<br><font color=#FF5000>• 斗争；抗争</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He struggled against cancer for ten years. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他同癌症抗争了两年。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Lisa struggled with her conscience before talking to the police. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 莉萨经过一番良心上的斗争,终于对警方说了。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (with sb) </SPAN> to fight sb or try to get away from them<br><font color=#FF5000>• 搏斗；扭打；挣扎脱身</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Ben and Jack struggled together on the grass. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 本和杰克在草地上扭打起来。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I struggled and screamed for help. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我挣扎着,高声呼救。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the raiders. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 詹姆斯在同几个劫匪搏斗时嘴上捱了打。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »How did she manage to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">struggle free </SPAN>?</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她是如何设法逃脱的？ </font></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (with sb) (for sth) </SPAN> to compete or argue with sb, especially in order to get sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 争夺；辩论</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »rival leaders struggling for power </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 互相对立的领导人争夺权力 </font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【PHR V】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌstruggle a'long / 'on </SPæŋ><br>• to continue despite problems<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 在困难中坚持；勉力维持</font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (with sb) (for / against sth) </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (with sb) (to do sth) </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (between A and B) </SPAN> a hard fight in which people try to obtain or achieve sth, especially sth that sb else does not want them to have<br><font color=#FF5000>• 斗争；奋斗；努力</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">power / leadership struggle </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 争夺权力；领导权的斗争 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a struggle for independence </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 为独立的斗争 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the struggle between good and evil </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 善恶之争 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival to get control of the company. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 为取得对公司的控制权,他正同对手进行一场激烈的斗争。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She will not give up her children without a struggle. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://campaign">campaign</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a physical fight between ten people or groups of people, especially when six of them is trying to escape, or to get sth from the other<br><font color=#FF5000>• 搏斗；扭打；(尤指)抢夺,挣扎脱身</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »There were no signs of a struggle at the murder scene. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在凶杀现场没有搏斗痕迹。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://fight">fight</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (to do sth) </SPAN> something that is difficult for you to do or achieve<br><font color=#FF5000>• 难事</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://effort">effort</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It was a real struggle to be ready on time. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 要按时做好准备确非易事。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>chal<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>len<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ging </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈtʃælindʒiŋ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br> 1. difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability<br><font color=#FF5000>• 挑战性的；考验能力的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »challenging work / questions / problems </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 具有挑战性的工作/提问/问题 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a challenging and rewarding career as a teacher </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://difficult">difficult</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. done in a way that invites people to disagree or argue with you, or shows that you disagree with them<br><font color=#FF5000>• 挑起争论的；不赞同的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She gave him a challenging look. <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Are you really sure?<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> she demanded. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她用不赞同的眼光看了他一眼。 "你敢肯定吗？"她问道。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>en<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>cour<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>age<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ment </b></font> / <FONT color=red>inˈkʌridʒmənt; NAmE -ˈkə:r- / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually sing.]</SPAN><br>• <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (to sb) (to do sth) </SPAN> the act of encouraging sb to do sth; something that encourages sb<br><font color=#FF5000>• 鼓舞；鼓励；起激励作用的事物</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a few words of encouragement </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 几句鼓励的话 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He needs all the support and encouragement he can get. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他需要所能得到的一切支持和鼓励。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »With a little encouragement from his parents he should do well. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 只要父母给点鼓励,他应该会干得很好。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She was given every encouragement to try something new. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Her words were a great encouragement to them. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她的话对他们是极大的鼓舞。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【OPP】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://discouragement">discouragement</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>cook<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ing </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈkukiŋ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U] </SPAN><br> 1. the process of preparing food<br><font color=#FF5000>• 烹饪；烹调</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »My husband does all the cooking. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我丈夫把做饭全包了下来。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a book on Indian cooking </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一本关于印度烹饪的书 </font></SPAN><br> 2. food that has been prepared in a particular way<br><font color=#FF5000>• (用某种方法烹制的)食物,饭菜</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The restaurant offers traditional home cooking <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= food similar to that cooked at home)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这家餐馆供应传统的家常菜。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They serve good French cooking. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们供应美味的法国菜。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br>• suitable for cooking rather than eating raw or drinking<br><font color=#FF5000>• 适于烹饪的(不宜于生吃或直接饮用的)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »cooking sherry </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 烹饪用的雪利酒 </font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>extra </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈekstrə / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br>• more than is usual, expected, or than exists already<br><font color=#FF5000>• 额外的；分外的；外加的；附加的</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://additional">additional</a> </b>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Breakfast is provided at no extra charge. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 供应早餐,不另收费。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The conference is going to be a lot of extra work. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这次会议将有很多额外工作。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an extra pint of milk </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 外加的一品脱牛奶 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The government has promised an extra £1 billion for health care. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 政府承诺为医疗保健再拨款 10 亿英镑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Take extra care on the roads this evening. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 今晚在路上要格外小心。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://extra time">extra time</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. a thing that is added to sth that is not usual, standard or necessary and that costs more<br><font color=#FF5000>• 额外的事物；另外收费的事物</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The monthly fee is fixed and there are no <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">hidden extras </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= unexpected costs)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 月费是固定的,没有未言明的额外开支。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<font color=darkgreen>(<i>BrE</i>)</font> Metallic paint is <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">an optional extra </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= a thing you can choose to have or not, but must pay more for if you have it)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 喷金属漆是自由选择的,要额外收费。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. a person who is employed to play a very small part in a film / movie, usually as a member of a crowd<br><font color=#FF5000>• (电影里的)临时演员,群众演员</font></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv. </i></b></font><br> 1. in addition; more than is usual, expected or exists already<br><font color=#FF5000>• 额外；另外；外加</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">charge / pay / cost extra </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 另外收费；另付；额外花费 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I need to earn a bit extra this month. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我这个月需要挣点外快。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The rate for a room is £30, but breakfast is extra. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一个房间收费 30 英镑,但早餐另付。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(with an adjective or adverb 与形容词或副词连用) </SPAN> more than usually<br><font color=#FF5000>• 特别；格外；分外</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You need to be extra careful not to make any mistakes. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你要格外小心,别犯错误。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an extra large T-shirt </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一件特大号的 T 恤衫 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She tried extra hard. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她特别努力。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>fond </b></font> / <FONT color=red>fɔnd; NAmE fɑ:nd / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font> (<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">fond<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>er</SPAN>, <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">fond<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>est</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>)<br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ of sb </SPAN> feeling affection for sb, especially sb you have known for a long time<br><font color=#FF5000>• 喜爱(尤指认识已久的人)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Over the years, I have <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">grown quite fond of </SPAN>her.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 经过这么多年,我已相当喜欢她了。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://love">love</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ of (doing) sth </SPAN> finding sth pleasant or enjoyable, especially sth you have liked or enjoyed for a long time<br><font color=#FF5000>• 喜爱(尤指长期喜爱的事物)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »fond of music / cooking </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 喜好音乐/烹饪 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We had <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">grown fond of </SPAN>the house and didn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t want to leave.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们已经喜欢上了这座房子,不想搬家。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://like">like</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ of (doing) sth </SPAN> liking to do sth which other people find annoying or unpleasant, and doing it often<br><font color=#FF5000>• 喜欢(做令人不快的事)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Sheila<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s very fond of telling other people what to do. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 希拉好对别人指手画脚。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s rather too fond of the sound of his own voice <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= he talks too much)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他太爱讲话了。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[only before noun] </SPAN> kind and loving<br><font color=#FF5000>• 深情的；温情的；慈爱的</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://affectionate">affectionate</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">fond look / embrace / farewell </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 慈爱的目光；温情的拥抱；深情的告别 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I have very <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">fond memories </SPAN>of my time in Spain<SPAN style="font-style:italic"> (= I remember it with affection and pleasure)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我十分怀念从前在西班牙的时光。 </font></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[only before noun] </SPAN>~ hope a hope about sth that is not likely to happen<br><font color=#FF5000>• (指希望)难以实现的；痴想的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I waited all day <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in the fond hope that </SPAN>she would change her mind.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我整天等待,痴迷地希望她会回心转意。 </font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>fond<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ness </b></font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun</i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sb / sth) </SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He will be remembered by the staff with great fondness. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 全体人员将深挚地怀念他。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a fondness for animals </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 喜爱动物 </font></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV>--› see<b> <a href="bword://absence">absence</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U]</SPAN><br>• the language of Spain and of most countries in Central and S America<br><font color=#FF5000>• 西班牙语(通用于西班牙以及中、南美洲多数国家)</font>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>sculp<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ture </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈskʌlptʃə(r) / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN> a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by<b> <a href="bword://carving">carving</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>or shaping wood, stone,<b> <a href="bword://clay">clay</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>, metal, etc.</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 雕像；雕塑品；雕刻品</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a marble sculpture of Venus </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 维纳斯的大理石雕像 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He collects modern sculpture. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他收藏现代雕塑。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the art of making sculptures <br><font color=#FF5000>• 雕刻术；雕塑术</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the techniques of sculpture in stone </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 石雕技艺 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>sculp<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>tural </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈskʌlptʃərəl</SPæŋ> / </SPæŋ><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj.</i></b></font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »sculptural decoration </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 雕饰 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>des<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>sert </b></font> / <FONT color=red>diˈzə:t; NAmE diˈzə:rt / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C]</SPAN><br>• sweet food eaten at the end of a meal<br><font color=#FF5000>• (饭后)甜点,甜食</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »What<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">for dessert </SPAN>?</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 餐后甜点吃什么？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a rich chocolate dessert </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 腻人的巧克力甜点 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a dessert wine </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 餐末甜酒 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<font color=darkgreen>(<i>BrE</i>)</font> the dessert trolley <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= a table on wheels from which you choose your<b> <a href="bword://dessert">dessert</a> </b></SPAN>in a restaurant) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> (餐厅内)送甜点的手推车 </font><br>--› compare<b> <a href="bword://afters">afters</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://pudding">pudding</a> </b>(1)</SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://sweet">sweet</a> </b> n. (2) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>sat<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>is<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>fac<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>tion </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌsætisˈfækʃn / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C] </SPAN> the good feeling that you have when you have achieved sth or when sth that you wanted to happen does happen; sth that gives you this feeling<br><font color=#FF5000>• 满足；满意；欣慰；令人满意(或欣慰)的事</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">gain / get / derive satisfaction </SPAN>from sth</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 从某事中得到满足感 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">look / smile of satisfaction </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 心满意足的表情/笑容 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She looked back on her career <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">with </SPAN>great<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline"> satisfaction</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 回顾自己的事业,她深感欣慰。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">had the satisfaction of </SPAN>seeing his book become a best-seller.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 看到自己的作品成了畅销书,他志得意满。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She didn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t want to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">give him the satisfaction of </SPAN>seeing her cry.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她不愿当着他的面哭,让他幸灾乐祸。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The company is trying to improve <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">customer satisfaction</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 公司力图改进,让顾客更加满意。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He was enjoying all the satisfactions of being a parent. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他享受着做父亲所能得到的一切乐趣。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://dissatisfaction">dissatisfaction</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the act of<b> <a href="bword://fulfilling">fulfilling</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>a need or desire</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (需要或欲望的)满足,达到</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the satisfaction of sexual desires </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 性欲的满足 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the satisfaction of your ambitions </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 实现抱负 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN> an acceptable way of dealing with a complaint, a debt, an injury, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• (抗议、投诉等的)妥善处理；(债务的)清偿；(伤害的)赔偿</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I complained to the manager but I didn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t get any satisfaction. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我向经理投诉,但问题丝毫没有得到解决。 </font><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> to sb<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s satis<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>faction </SPAN><br> 1. if you do sth<SPAN style="color:blue"> to sb<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s satisfaction</SPAN>, they are pleased with it</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 使某人满意</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The affair was settled to the complete satisfaction of the client. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 问题解决了,顾客十分满意。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. if you prove sth<SPAN style="color:blue"> to sb<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s satisfaction</SPAN>, they believe or accept it</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 使某人确信(或信服)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Can you demonstrate to our satisfaction that your story is true? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你能不能证实一下,让我们确信你说的是事实？ </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>surf </b></font> / <FONT color=red>sə:f; NAme sə:rf / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [U]</SPAN><br>• large waves in the sea or ocean, and the white<b> <a href="bword://foam">foam</a> </b>that they produce as they fall on the beach, on rocks, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 激浪；拍岸浪花</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the sound of surf breaking on the beach </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 激浪拍岸的声音 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Sydney, surf capital of the world <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= where the sport of<b> <a href="bword://surfing">surfing</a> </b></SPAN>is very popular) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 世界冲浪之都悉尼 </font></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> VN] </SPAN>(often go surfing) to take part in the sport of riding on waves on a<b> <a href="bword://surfboard">surfboard</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 进行冲浪运动；冲浪</font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN>~ the Net / Internet to use the Internet<br><font color=#FF5000>• (互联网上)冲浪,漫游,浏览</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I was surfing the Net looking for information on Indian music. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我正上网查找关于印度音乐的资料。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>aca<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>dem<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ic </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌækəˈdemik / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[usually before noun] </SPAN> connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities<br><font color=#FF5000>• 学业的,教学的,学术的(尤指与学校教育有关)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The students return in October for the start of the new academic year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学生于十月返校,开始新学年的学习。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »high / low academic standards </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 高/低学术水平 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an academic career </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学术生涯 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[usually before noun] </SPAN> involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills<br><font color=#FF5000>• 学术的(与实践性、技术性相对)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">academic subjects / qualifications </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学科；学历 </font></SPAN><br> 3. good at subjects involving a lot of reading and studying<br><font color=#FF5000>• 学习良好的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She wasn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t very academic and hated school. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她学习不怎么样,而且讨厌上学。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. not connected to a real or practical situation and therefore not important<br><font color=#FF5000>• 纯理论的；空谈的；学究式的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It is a purely academic question. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这是一个纯理论问题。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The whole thing<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s academic now—we can<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t win anyway. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 现在这一切都是纸上谈兵——我们根本就不可能赢。 </font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>aca<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>dem<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ic<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>al<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ly </b></font> / <FONT color=red>-kli</SPæŋ> / </SPæŋ><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv.</i></b></font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You have to do well academically to get into medical school. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你得学习成绩优良才能进入医学院。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>• a person who teaches and / or does research at a university or college<br><font color=#FF5000>• 高等院校教师；高校科研人员</font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>ex<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>change </b></font> / <FONT color=red>iksˈtʃeindʒ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">GIVING AND RECEIVING</SPAN> 交换 <br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN> an act of giving sth to sb or doing sth for sb and receiving sth in return<br><font color=#FF5000>• 交换；互换；交流；掉换</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The exchange of prisoners took place this morning. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 今天早上交换了俘虏。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们需要促进思想和信息的公开交流。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">exchange of glances / insults </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 互换眼色；相互侮辱 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">exchange of fire </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= between enemy soldiers) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 交火 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I buy you lunch and you fix my computer. Is that a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">fair exchange </SPAN>?</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我请你吃午饭,你给我修计算机,这算是公平交易吧？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Would you like my old TV <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in exchange for </SPAN>this camera?</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机,你愿意吗？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll type your report if you<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll babysit <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in exchange</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 如果你愿意代我照看孩子,我就把这个报告给你打出来。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://part exchange">part exchange</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">CONVERSATION / ARGUMENT</SPAN> 交谈；争论 <br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a conversation or an argument<br><font color=#FF5000>• 交谈；对话；争论</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »There was only time for a brief exchange. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 只有简短的交谈时间。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The Prime Minister was involved in a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">heated exchange </SPAN>with opposition MPs.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 首相参与了和下院反对党议员的激烈争论。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF MONEY</SPAN> 金钱 <br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the process of changing an amount of one<b> <a href="bword://currency">currency</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>(= the money used in one country) for an equal value of another</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 兑换；汇兑</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »currency exchange facilities </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 货币兑换服务 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Where can I find the best <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">exchange rate </SPAN> / <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline"> rate of exchange </SPAN>?</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在什么地方才能获得最好的兑换价？ </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://foreign exchange">foreign exchange</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">BETWEEN TWO COUNTRIES</SPAN> 两国之间 <br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> an arrangement when two people or groups from different countries visit each other<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s homes or do each other<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s jobs for a short time</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (不同国家人或团体之间的)交流,互访</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Our school does an exchange with a school in France. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们学校与法国的一所学校进行交流。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Nick went on the French exchange. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 尼克到法国去作互访了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »trade and cultural exchanges with China </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 与中国的贸易和文化交流 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">BUILDING</SPAN> 建筑物 <br> 5. (often Exchange) <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(in compounds 构成复合词) </SPAN> a building where business people met in the past to buy and sell a particular type of goods<br><font color=#FF5000>• 交易所</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the old Corn Exchange </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 古老的谷物交易所 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://stock exchange">stock exchange</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">TELEPHONE</SPAN> 电话 <br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://telephone exchange">telephone exchange</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[VN] </SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">GIVE AND RECEIVE</SPAN> 交换 <br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sth (with sb) </SPAN> to give sth to sb and at the same time receive the same type of thing from them<br><font color=#FF5000>• 交换；交流；掉换</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">exchange ideas / news / information </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 交流思想；互通消息；交流信息 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Juliet and David <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">exchanged glances </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= they looked at each other)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 朱丽叶和戴维相互看了看对方。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我与经理握手,相互交谈了几句。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The two men <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">exchanged blows </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= hit each other)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 两个男人相互殴打起来。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Everyone in the group exchanged email addresses. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 所有的组员都相互交换了电子邮件地址。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MONEY / GOODS</SPAN> 金钱；商品 <br> 2. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ A for B </SPAN> to give or return sth that you have and get sth different or better instead<br><font color=#FF5000>• 兑换；交易；更换</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://change">change</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »If it doesn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t fit, take it back and the store will exchange it. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 如果不合适就把它拿回来,商店将给你掉换。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">CONTRACTS</SPAN> 契约 <br> 3. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ contracts </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>especially BrE</I>) </SPAN> to sign a contract with the person that you are buying sth from, especially a house or land<br><font color=#FF5000>• 交换(尤指房屋或土地买卖的契约)</font></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV>--› see<b> <a href="bword://word">word</a> </b></SPAN>n. </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>for<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>mer </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈfɔ:mə(r); NAmE ˈfɔ:rm- / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [only before noun] </SPAN><br> 1. that used to exist in earlier times<br><font color=#FF5000>• 以前的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »in former times </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 从前 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the countries of the former Soviet Union </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 前苏联国家 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »This beautiful old building has been restored to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">its former glory</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这座美丽的老建筑物已恢复了昔日的壮观。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. that used to have a particular position or status in the past<br><font color=#FF5000>• 昔日的；前</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the former world champion </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 前世界冠军 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »my former boss / colleague / wife </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 过去的老板/同事；前妻 </font></SPAN><br> 3. the former... used to refer to the first of ten things or people mentioned<br><font color=#FF5000>• (两者中)前者的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The former option would be much more sensible. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 前一种选择要明智得多。 </font><br>--› compare<b> <a href="bword://latter">latter</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 4. the former <font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>pron.</i></b></font> the first of ten things or people mentioned<br><font color=#FF5000>• (两者中的)前者</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the former. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他得在放弃工作和放弃原则二者中择其一。他选择了前者。 </font><br>--› compare<b> <a href="bword://latter">latter</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> be a shadow / ghost of your former <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>self </SPAN><br>• to not have the strength, influence, etc. that you used to have<br><font color=#FF5000>• 失去昔日的力量(或影响等)；威风不再；不如当年</font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>gradu<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ate </b></font><br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈɡrædʒuət / (also informal <SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">grad </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">especially in NAmE</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br> 1. <SPæŋ style="text-decoration:underline">~ (in sth) </SPæŋ> a person who has a university degree<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 大学毕业生；学士学位获得者</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a graduate in history </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 历史学学士 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a science graduate </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 理学士 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a graduate of Yale / a Yale graduate </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 耶鲁大学毕业生 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a graduate student / course </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 研究生；研究生课程 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN> a person who has completed their school studies<br><font color=#FF5000>• 毕业生</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a high school graduate </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 中学毕业生 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://student">student</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈɡrædʒueit</SPæŋ> / </SPæŋ><br> 1. <SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen"> əʒ] </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="text-decoration:underline">~ (in sth) </SPæŋ>| <SPæŋ style="text-decoration:underline">~ (from...) </SPæŋ> to get a degree, especially your first degree, from a university or college<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 获得学位(尤指学士)；大学毕业</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Only thirty students graduated in Chinese last year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 去年只有三十名学生获得汉语学士学位。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She graduated from Harvard this year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她今年毕业于哈佛大学。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He graduated from York with a degree in Psychology. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他毕业于约克大学,获心理学学士学位。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (from...) </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN> to complete a course in education, especially at<b> <a href="bword://high school">high school</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 毕业(尤指中学)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Martha graduated from high school ten years ago. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 马莎两年前高中毕业。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb (from sth) </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN> to give a degree,<b> <a href="bword://diploma">diploma</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>, etc. to sb</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 授予(某人)学位(或毕业文凭等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The college graduated 50 students last year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 去年这所学院有 50 名毕业生。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (from sth) to sth </SPAN> to start doing sth more difficult or important than what you were doing before<br><font color=#FF5000>• 逐渐发展(或变化、进展、上升)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in a movie. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她最近从一个舞蹈演员逐步过渡到在电影里扮演小角色。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>flu<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ent </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈflu:ənt / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (in sth) </SPAN> able to speak, read or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指外语)流利,文字流畅</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s fluent in Polish. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她的波兰语很流利。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">fluent speaker / reader </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 说话流利的人；阅读熟练的人 </font></SPAN><br> 2. (of a language, especially a foreign language 语言,尤指外语) expressed easily and well<br><font color=#FF5000>• 流利的；通畅的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He speaks fluent Italian. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他说一口流利的意大利语。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. (of an action 动作) done in a smooth and skilful way<br><font color=#FF5000>• 流畅熟练的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »fluent handwriting </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 优美熟练的笔迹 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »fluent movements </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 优美流畅的动作 </font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>flu<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ent<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ly </b></font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv.</i></b></font> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>paint<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ing </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈpeintiŋ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a picture that has been painted<br><font color=#FF5000>• 绘画；油画</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a collection of paintings by American artists </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 美国艺术家绘画作品集 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »cave paintings </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 洞窟里的壁画 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://oil painting">oil painting</a> </b>(1) </SPAN></SPAN><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://picture">picture</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the act or art of using paint to produce pictures<br><font color=#FF5000>• 作画；绘画</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Her hobbies include music and painting. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她的爱好包括音乐和绘画。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the act of putting paint onto the surface of objects, walls, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 涂漆；刷油漆</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »painting and decorating </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 油漆和装潢 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>do<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>nate </b></font> / <FONT color=red>dəuˈneit; NAmE ˈdouneit / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sth (to sb / sth) </SPAN><br> 1. to give money, food, clothes, etc. to sb / sth, especially a charity<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠,赠送</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He donated thousands of pounds to charity. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help sb who needs it<br><font color=#FF5000>• 献(血)； 捐(血) ；捐献(器官)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 所有献的血都要接受艾滋病病毒和其他传染病检查。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>kind<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ness </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈkaindnəs / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the quality of being kind<br><font color=#FF5000>• 仁慈；善良；体贴；宽容</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to treat sb with kindness and consideration </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 待人体贴周到 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a kind act<br><font color=#FF5000>• 友好(或仁慈、体贴)的举动</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I can never repay your many kindnesses to me. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我无法报答你对我无微不至的关怀。 </font></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV>--› see<b> <a href="bword://kill">kill</a> </b></SPAN>v.</SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://milk">milk</a> </b></SPAN>n. </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>splen<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>did </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈsplendid / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> (<I>especially BrE</I>) </SPAN><br> 1. (<SPAN style="font-style:italic">old-fashioned</SPAN>) </SPAN> excellent; very good<br><font color=#FF5000>• 极佳的；非常好的</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://great">great</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »What a splendid idea! </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这主意妙极了！ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve all had a splendid time. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们大家都玩得很开心。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. very impressive; very beautiful<br><font color=#FF5000>• 壮丽的；雄伟的；豪华的；华丽的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »splendid scenery </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 壮丽的风景 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The hotel stands <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in splendid isolation</SPAN>, surrounded by moorland.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 那旅馆岿然独立,周围是一片荒原。 </font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>splen<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>did<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ly </b></font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv.</i></b></font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You all played splendidly. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你们都表现得很出色。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>exclamation </i></b></font><br>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">old-fashioned</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, <I>especially BrE</I>) </SPAN><br>• used to show that you approve of sth, or are pleased<br><font color=#FF5000>• (表示赞许或满意)好极了,痛快</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>re both coming? Splendid! </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你们俩都要来？太好了！ </font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>in<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>de<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>pend<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ent </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌindiˈpendənt / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">COUNTRY</SPAN> 国家 <br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (from / of sth) </SPAN>(of countries 国家) having their own government<br><font color=#FF5000>• 独立的；自主的；自治的</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://self-governing">self-governing</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Mozambique became independent in 1975. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 莫桑比克于 1975 年获得独立。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">SEPARATE</SPAN> 分开 <br> 2. done or given by sb who is not involved in a situation and so is able to judge it fairly<br><font color=#FF5000>• 不相干的人所做的(或提供的)；公正的；无偏见的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">independent inquiry / witness </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 独立的调查；无偏见的证人 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She went to a lawyer for some <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">independent advice</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她去找了一位律师寻求独立意见。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (of sb / sth) </SPAN> not connected with or influenced by sth; not connected with each other<br><font color=#FF5000>• 不相关的；不受影响的；无关联的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The police force should be independent of direct government control. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 警方应该不受政府的直接控制。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusions. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 两个彼此不相关的研究部门得出了同样的结论。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">ORGANIZATION</SPAN> 机构 <br> 4. supported by private money rather than government money<br><font color=#FF5000>• 私营的；独立</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">independent television / schools </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 私营电视台；私立学校 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the independent sector </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 私营部门 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">PERSON</SPAN> 人 <br> 5. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (of sb / sth) </SPAN> confident and free to do things without needing help from other people<br><font color=#FF5000>• 自主的；有主见的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Going away to college has made me much more independent. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 离家上大学使我变得独立自主得多。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s a very independent-minded young woman. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她是个很有主见的年轻女子。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Students should aim to become more independent of their teachers. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学生应该努力逐渐减少对老师的依赖。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【OPP】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://dependent">dependent</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (of sb / sth) </SPAN> having or earning enough money so that you do not have to rely on sb else for help<br><font color=#FF5000>• 自立的；自食其力的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It was important to me to be financially independent of my parents. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在经济上不依赖父母,这对我很重要。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a man <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">of independent means </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= with an income that he does not earn by working) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 无需工作便可衣食无忧的人 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【OPP】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://dependent">dependent</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">POLITICIAN</SPAN> 从政者 <br> 7. not representing or belonging to a particular political party<br><font color=#FF5000>• 无党派的；独立的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »an independent candidate </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 独立候选人 </font></SPAN><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>in<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>de<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>pend<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ent<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ly </b></font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv.</i></b></font> <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (of sb / sth) </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The two departments work independently of each other. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这两个部门独立运作。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It was the first time that she had lived independently. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 那是她第一次独立生活。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>• (<I>abbr.</I> Ind.) a member of parliament, candidate, etc. who does not belong to a particular political party<br><font color=#FF5000>• 无党派议员(或候选人等)</font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>title </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈtaitl / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> the name of a book, poem, painting, piece of music, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• (书籍、诗歌、图画、乐曲等的)名称,标题,题目</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »His poems were published under the title of <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Love and Reason<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他的诗是以《爱情与理智》为题发表的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">title track </SPAN>from their latest CD<SPAN style="font-style:italic"> (= the song with the same title as the disc) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们最新光盘中的标题歌曲 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She has sung the title role in <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Carmen<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= the role of Carmen in that<b> <a href="bword://opera">opera</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她在《卡门》中演唱卡门的角色。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a particular book or magazine<br><font color=#FF5000>• (书刊的)一种,一本</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The company publishes twenty new titles a year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这家公司一年出版二十种新书。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a word in front of a person<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s name to show their rank or profession, whether or not they are married, etc.</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (人名前表示地位、职业、婚否等的)称号,头衔,职称,称谓</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The present duke inherited the title from his father. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 现在的公爵承袭的是他父亲的爵位。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Give your name and title <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= Mr, Miss, Ms, Dr, etc.)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 报出你的姓名和称谓。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://name">name</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a name that describes a job<br><font color=#FF5000>• 职位名称；职称</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The official title of the job is <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Administrative Assistant<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这个职位的正式名称为"行政助理"。 </font></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> the position of being the winner of a competition, especially a sports competition<br><font color=#FF5000>• (竞赛、体育比赛的)冠军</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the world heavyweight title </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 重量级世界拳击冠军 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She has seven world titles. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她已获得三项世界冠军。 </font></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (to sth / to do sth) </SPAN><SPAN style="font-weight:bold">(law 律) </SPAN> the legal right to own sth, especially land or property; the document that shows you have this right<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指土地或财产的)所有权,所有权凭证,房地契</font></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN-N]</SPAN><br>• <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[usually passive] </SPAN> to give a book, piece of music, etc. a particular name<br><font color=#FF5000>• (给书籍、乐曲等)加标题,定题目</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Their first album was titled <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Ocean Drive<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们的第一张专辑定名为《海洋行》。 </font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>dyn<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>asty </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈdinəsti; NAmE ˈdai- / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font> (pl. <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">-ies</SPAN>)<br> 1. a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family<br><font color=#FF5000>• 王朝；朝代</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 尼赫鲁 — 甘地王朝 </font></SPAN><br> 2. a period of years during which members of a particular family rule a country<br><font color=#FF5000>• 朝；代</font><br><font color=red>♦ </font><font color=blue size=+1><b>dyn<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>as<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>tic </b></font> / <FONT color=red>diˈnæstik</SPæŋ>; NAmE dai-</SPæŋ> / </SPæŋ><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i> adj.</i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [usually before noun] </SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »dynastic history </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 王朝统治史 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>some<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>how </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈsʌmhau / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adv. </i></b></font><br> 1. (<SPAN style="color:darkgreen">also <I>NAmE</I> </SPAN>informal <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">some<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>way</SPAN>,some<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ways) </SPAN> in a way that is not known or certain<br><font color=#FF5000>• 以某种方式(或方法)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We must stop him from seeing her somehow. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 不管怎么着,我们都不能让他见到她。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">Somehow or other </SPAN>I must get a new job.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我必须想方设法找份新工作。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. for a reason that you do not know or understand<br><font color=#FF5000>• 由于某种未知的原因；不知为什么；不知怎么地</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Somehow, I don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t feel I can trust him. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 不知为什么,我觉得不能信任他。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She looked different somehow. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 不知怎么地,她看上去变了。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>re<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>cent </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈri:snt / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [usually before noun]</SPAN><br>• that happened or began only a short time ago<br><font color=#FF5000>• 近来的；新近的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a recent development / discovery / event </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 近来的发展/发现/事件 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »his most recent visit to Poland </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他最近到波兰的访问 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »There have been many changes <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in recent years</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 近几年发生了许多变化。 </font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>pro<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>fes<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>sor </b></font> / <FONT color=red>prəˈfesə(r) / (also informal <SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">prof</SPæŋ>) <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font> (<I>abbr.</I> Prof.)<br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>especially BrE</I>) </SPAN>(<SPAN style="color:darkgreen"><I>NAmE</I> </SPAN><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>full professor</SPAN>) </SPAN> a university teacher of the highest rank<br><font color=#FF5000>• 教授</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Professor (Ann) Williams </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> (安)威廉斯教授 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a chemistry professor </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 化学教授 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to be appointed Professor of French at Cambridge </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 被任命为剑桥大学的法文教授 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He was made (a) professor at the age of 40. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他 40 岁时就成为教授。 </font><div style="border:3px outset blue;margin:15 5 15 5"><div style="margin:5px"><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【HELP】</SPAN><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">Full professor </SPAN>is used to describe a rank of university teacher, and not as a title.</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• * full professor 是大学教师的级别,不用作称呼。</font></SPAN></div></div> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN> a teacher at a university or college<br><font color=#FF5000>• (大学的)讲师,教员</font><br>--› compare<b> <a href="bword://assistant professor">assistant professor</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://associate professor">associate professor</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>in<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>form </b></font> / <FONT color=red>inˈfɔ:m; NAme inˈfɔ:rm / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb (of / about sth) </SPAN> to tell sb about sth, especially in an official way<br><font color=#FF5000>• 知会；通知；通告</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Please inform us of any changes of address. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 地址若有变动请随时通知我们。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">that</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I have been <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">reliably informed </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= somebody I trust has told me) </SPAN>that the couple will marry next year.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">speech</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>He<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s already left,<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> she informed us. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> "他已经走了。"她告诉我们说。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [also VN <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">wh-</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ yourself (of / about sth) </SPAN> to find out information about sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 了解；熟悉</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the problem. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN> to have an influence on sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 对…有影响</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Religion informs every aspect of their lives. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 宗教影响着他们生活的各个方面。 </font></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【PHR V】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>form on sb </SPAN><br>• to give information to the police or sb in authority about the illegal activities of sb<br><font color=#FF5000>• 告发；检举</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He informed on his own brother. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他告发了他的亲弟弟。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b><FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>opening hours </b></font><br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [pl.]</SPAN><br>• the time during which a shop / store, bank, etc. is open for business<br><font color=#FF5000>• (商店、银行等的)营业时间</font>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>run </b></font> / <FONT color=red>rʌn / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br>(<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">running</SPAN>, <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ran</SPAN> / <FONT color=red>ræn</SPæŋ> / </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">run</SPæŋ></SPæŋ></SPæŋ>)<br>›› <SPæŋ style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MOʒə ʃæSð Oŋ ʃOOð</SPæŋ> 奔跑 <br> 1. <SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen"> əʒ] </SPæŋ> to move using your legs, going faster than when you walk<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 跑；奔跑</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Can you run as fast as Mike? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你能和迈克跑得一样快吗？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They turned and ran when they saw us coming. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们看见我们过来,转身就跑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">came running </SPAN>to meet us.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她跑着来迎接我们。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The dogs ran off as soon as we appeared. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们一露面狗就跑了。 </font><div style="border:3px outset blue;margin:15 5 15 5"><div style="margin:5px"><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【HELP】</SPAN>In spoken English<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"> run </SPAN>can be used with<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"> and </SPAN>plus another verb, instead of with<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"> to </SPAN>and the infinitive, especially to tell somebody to hurry and do something:<SPAN style="color:#04F"> Run and get your swimsuits, kids.</SPAN><SPAN style="color:#04F"> I ran and knocked on the nearest door.</SPAN> </SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 在英语口语中,run 可以和 and 加另一个动词连用,而不和 to 加动词不定式连用,尤用于叫某人赶快去做某事:Run and get your swimsuits, kids. / I ran and knocked on the nearest door.</font></SPAN></div></div> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to travel a particular distance by running<br><font color=#FF5000>• 跑(某段距离)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Who was the first person to run a mile in under five minutes? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 是谁第一个用了不到四分钟跑完一英里？ </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://mile">mile</a> </b>(4) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN>(sometimes go running) to run as a sport<br><font color=#FF5000>• 跑步；做跑步运动</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She used to run when she was at college. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她上大学的时候经常跑步。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I often go running before work. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我常常在上班前跑步。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">RACE</SPAN> 赛跑比赛 <br> 4. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (in sth) </SPAN> to take part in a race<br><font color=#FF5000>• 参加赛跑</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He will be running in the 100 metres tonight. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 今晚他将参加 100 米赛跑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »There are only nine horses running in the first race. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 只有五匹马参加第一场比赛。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to run the marathon </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 参加马拉松比赛 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Holmes ran a fine race to take the gold medal. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 霍姆斯赛跑表现不错,获得了金牌。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://runner">runner</a> </b></SPAN>(1)</SPAN></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[often passive] </SPAN> to make a race take place<br><font color=#FF5000>• 开始(比赛)；使(比赛)开始</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The Derby will be run in spite of the bad weather. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 尽管天气恶劣,德比马赛仍将举行。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">HURRY</SPAN> 赶紧 <br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to hurry from six place to another<br><font color=#FF5000>• 迅速赶往；匆忙跑(到另一处)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve spent the whole day running around after the kids. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我这一整天都跟在孩子们后面跑来跑去。 </font><br>--› see also</SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MANAGE</SPAN> 管理 <br> 7. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to be in charge of a business, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 管理；经营</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to run a hotel / store / language school </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 经营一家旅店/商店/语言学校 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He has no idea how to run a business. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他丝毫不懂企业管理。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Stop trying to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run my life </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= organize it) </SPAN>for me.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 别老想操纵我的生活。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The shareholders want more say in how the company is run. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 股东们想要在公司的经营管理上拥有更多的发言权。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a badly run company </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 经营不善的公司 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »state-run industries </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 国家经营的行业 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://running">running</a> </b></SPAN>n. (2)</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">PROVIDE</SPAN> 提供 <br> 8. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to make a service, course of study, etc. available to people<br><font color=#FF5000>• 提供,开设(服务、课程等)</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://organize">organize</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The college runs summer courses for foreign students. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这所大学为外国学生开设暑期课程。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">VEHICLE / MACHINE</SPAN> 车辆；机器 <br> 9. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to own and use a vehicle or machine<br><font color=#FF5000>• 拥有,使用(车辆或机器等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I can<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t afford to run a car on my salary. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我的工资养不起汽车。 </font></SPAN><br> 10. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (on sth) </SPAN> to operate or function; to make sth do this<br><font color=#FF5000>• (使)运转,运行；操作</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Stan had the chainsaw running. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 斯坦开动了链锯。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Our van runs on <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= uses) </SPAN>diesel.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们的货车用的是柴油。 </font><br> »(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">figurative</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="color:#04F"> Her life had always run smoothly before. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她以前的生活一直很稳定。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Could you run the engine for a moment? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？ </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">BUSES / TRAINS</SPAN> 公共汽车；火车 <br> 11. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> , usually +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to travel on a particular route<br><font color=#FF5000>• (按某路线)行驶</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Buses to Oxford run every half-hour. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 到牛津的汽车每半个小时发一趟。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »All the trains <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">are running late </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= are leaving later than planned)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 所有的列车都晚点了。 </font></SPAN><br> 12. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> , usually +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to make buses, trains, etc. travel on a particular route<br><font color=#FF5000>• 使(按某一路线)行驶；使运行</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They run extra trains during the rush hour. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们在车流高峰期加开了列车。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">DRIVE SB</SPAN> 开车送某人 <br> 13. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">informal</SPAN>) </SPAN> to drive sb to a place in a car<br><font color=#FF5000>• 开车送</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Shall I run you home? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我开车送你回家好吗？ </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MOVE SOMEWHERE</SPAN> 移往某处 <br> 14. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to move, especially quickly, in a particular direction<br><font color=#FF5000>• (向某处)快速移动</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The car ran off the road into a ditch. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 汽车猛地开出路面,掉进沟里。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »A shiver ran down my spine. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我猛然感到脊背发凉。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The sledge ran smoothly over the frozen snow. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 雪橇在冰冻的雪面上平稳地滑行。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The old tramlines are still there but now no trams run on them. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 昔日的电车轨道还在,却没有电车在上面运行了。 </font></SPAN><br> 15. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to move sth in a particular direction<br><font color=#FF5000>• 移动(某物)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She ran her fingers nervously through her hair. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她紧张地用手指摩挲着头发。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">ran my eyes over </SPAN>the page.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我匆匆地看了看这一页。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">LEAD / STRETCH</SPAN> 引导；伸展 <br> 16. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [+<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to lead or stretch from six place to another; to make sth do this<br><font color=#FF5000>• (使)导向；引导；(使)伸展,延伸</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He had a scar running down his left cheek. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他左脸上竖着一道伤疤。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The road runs parallel to the river. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这条路和这条河是平行的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We ran a cable from the lights to the stage. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们从电灯那里拉了一条电缆通到舞台。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">CONTINUE FOR TIME</SPAN> 持续 <br> 17. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sth) </SPAN> to continue for a particular period of time without stopping<br><font color=#FF5000>• 持续；延续</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Her last musical ran for one months on Broadway. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她最后的音乐剧在百老汇连续上演了六个月。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »This debate will <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run and run </SPAN>!</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这场辩论会没完没了地继续下去！ </font></SPAN><br> 18. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sth) </SPAN> to operate or be valid for a particular period of time<br><font color=#FF5000>• (在一段时间内)起作用,有效</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The permit runs for seven months. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 许可证的有效期为三个月。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The lease on my house only has a year left to run. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我房子的租期只剩下一年了。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">HAPPEN</SPAN> 发生 <br> 19. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) </SPAN> to happen at the time mentioned<br><font color=#FF5000>• (在某时间)发生</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Programmes are <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">running </SPAN>a few minutes<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline"> behind schedule </SPAN>this evening.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 今晚播出的节目比预定的时间晚了几分钟。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The murderer was given seven life sentences, to run concurrently. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这个杀人犯被判处三项无期徒刑,同时执行。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">GUNS, DRUGS, ETC.</SPAN> 枪支、毒品等 <br> 20. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> , usually +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to bring or take sth into a country illegally and secretly<br><font color=#FF5000>• 走私；非法携运；秘密携带</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://smuggle">smuggle</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://runner">runner</a> </b>(2) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF STORY / ARGUMENT</SPAN> 报道；论点 <br> 21. to have particular words, contents, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 包含(某种词语、内容等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Their argument ran something like this... </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们的论点大致是这样的… </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">speech</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Ten shot dead by gunmen,<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> ran the newspaper headline. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 报纸的标题为"枪手击毙十人"。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">LIQUID</SPAN> 液体 <br> 22. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to flow<br><font color=#FF5000>• 流淌；流动</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The tears ran down her cheeks. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 泪水顺着她的脸淌下来。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Water was running all over the bathroom floor. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 浴室里水流满地。 </font></SPAN><br> 23. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sth (for sb) </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (sb) sth </SPAN> to make liquid flow<br><font color=#FF5000>• 使(液体)流动</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She ran hot water into the bucket. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她把热水注入桶里。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run the hot tap </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= to turn it so that water flows from it) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 拧开热水龙头 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> VNN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run a bath </SPAN>for you.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我给你放洗澡水去。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run you a bath</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我去给你放洗澡水。 </font></SPAN><br> 24. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN> to send out a liquid<br><font color=#FF5000>• 输出,放出(液体)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Who left the tap running? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 谁没关水龙头？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Your nose is running <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(=<b> <a href="bword://mucus">mucus</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>is flowing from it)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你流鼻涕了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The smoke makes my eyes run. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 烟熏得我直流眼泪。 </font></SPAN><br> 25. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ with sth </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(usually used in the progressive tenses 通常用于进行时) </SPAN> to be covered with a liquid<br><font color=#FF5000>• 被(液体)覆盖；流满</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »His face was running with sweat. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他满脸是汗。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The bathroom floor was running with water. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 浴室的地面上全是水。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF COLOUR</SPAN> 颜色 <br> 26. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN> if the colour<SPAN style="color:blue"> runs </SPAN>in a piece of clothing when it gets wet, it dissolves and may come out of the clothing into other things</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 掉色；褪色</font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MELT</SPAN> 熔化 <br> 27. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN>(of a solid substance 固体) to melt<br><font color=#FF5000>• 熔化</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The wax began to run. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 蜡开始熔化了。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://runny">runny</a> </b>(2) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">BE / BECOME</SPAN> 是；成为 <br> 28. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V-ADJ] </SPAN> to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way<br><font color=#FF5000>• 变成,成为,变得(尤指不利的变化)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The river <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">ran dry </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= stopped flowing) </SPAN>during the drought.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这条河在干旱期间断流了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Supplies are <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">running low</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 物资供应渐趋不足。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run short </SPAN>of milk.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们牛奶不够了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve got your rivals <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">running scared</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你已经使对手感到恐惧了。 </font></SPAN><br> 29. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ at sth </SPAN> to be at or near a particular level<br><font color=#FF5000>• 达到,接近(某程度)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Inflation was running at 26%. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 通货膨胀达到了 26%。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF NEWSPAPER / MAGAZINE</SPAN> 报章杂志 <br> 30. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to print and publish an item or a story<br><font color=#FF5000>• 发表；刊登</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »On advice from their lawyers they decided not to run the story. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 根据他们的律师的建议,他们决定不刊载这篇报道。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">A TEST / CHECK</SPAN> 测试；检验 <br> 31. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN>~ a test / check (on sth) to do a test / check on sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• (对…)进行(测试或检验)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The doctors decided to run some more tests on the blood samples. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 医生决定对血样再进行一些化验。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">IN ELECTION</SPAN> 选举 <br> 32. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sb / sth) </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (in sth) </SPAN> to be a candidate in an election for a political position, especially in the US<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指在美国)参加竞选</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Clinton ran a second time in 1996. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> * 1996 年,克林顿第二次竞选。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to run for president </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 竞选总统 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to run in the election </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 参加竞选 </font><br>--› compare<b> <a href="bword://stand">stand</a> </b></SPAN>v. (16)</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF TIGHTS / STOCKINGS</SPAN> 裤袜；长袜 <br> 33. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN> if<b> <a href="bword://tights">tights</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>or<b> <a href="bword://stockings">stockings</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="color:blue">run</SPAN>, a long thin hole appears in them</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 脱针；脱丝；抽丝</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://ladder">ladder</a> </b> n. (3) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV>Most idioms containing<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"> run </SPAN>are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"> run riot </SPAN>is at<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"> riot</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 大多数含 run 的习语,都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到,如 run riot 在词条 riot 下。</font><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> come <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>running </SPAN><br>• to be pleased to do what sb wants<br><font color=#FF5000>• 赶紧做某人喜欢的事；急于应某人的要求</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She knew she had only to call and he would come running. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她知道只要打个电话,他就会高高兴兴地照办。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run for it </SPAN><br><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(often used in orders 常用于命令) </SPAN><br>• to run in order to escape from sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 逃跑</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌup and 'running </SPæŋ><br>• working fully and correctly<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 全面而准确地运行</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It will be a lot easier when we have the database up and running. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 等我们把数据库弄好以后,就省事多了。 </font></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【PHR V】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run across sb / sth </SPAN><br>• to meet sb or find sth by chance<br><font color=#FF5000>• 偶然遇见(或看到)</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'after sb </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">informal</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to try to have a romantic or sexual relationship with sb<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 追求</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://pursue">pursue</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s always running after younger women. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他就爱追年轻女子。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'after sb / sth </SPæŋ><br>• to run to try to catch sb / sth<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 追逐；追赶</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://pursue">pursue</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'long </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">old-fashioned</SPæŋ></SPæŋ>, <SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">informal</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• used in orders to tell sb, especially a child, to go away<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• (尤用以命令儿童)走开</font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'round with sb </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">NAmE also </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">'run with sb</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ>(usually <SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">disapproving</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to spend a lot of time with sb<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 与(某人)厮混；互相往来</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s always running around with older men. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她总爱跟年纪比较大的男人来往。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run at sb </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[no passive] </SPAN><br>• to run towards sb to attack or as if to attack them<br><font color=#FF5000>• 向某人冲去</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He ran at me with a knife. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他拿着刀朝我冲过来。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'way (from sb / ...) </SPæŋ><br>• to leave sb / a place suddenly; to escape from sb / a place<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 突然离开；逃离</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">ran away from home </SPAN>at the age of thirteen.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他十三岁时离家出走。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Looking at all the accusing faces, she felt a sudden urge to run away. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 看着一张张脸上那责备的神情,她突然想赶快溜走。 </font><br>--› related noun<b> <a href="bword://runaway">runaway</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'way from sth </SPæŋ><br>• to try to avoid sth because you are shy, lack confidence, etc.<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 避开；躲避；回避</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »You can<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t just run away from the situation. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这事你没法回避。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'way with you </SPæŋ><br>• if a feeling<SPæŋ style="color:blue"> runs away with you</SPæŋ>, it gets out of your control</SPæŋ><br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 失去控制</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Her imagination tends to run away with her. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她动辄想入非非。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'way / 'off with sb </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> | <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'way / 'off (together) </SPæŋ><br>• to leave home, your husband, wife, etc. in order to have a relationship with another person<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 与某人私奔</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She ran away with her boss. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她与老板私奔了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She and her boss ran away together. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她和老板一起私奔了。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun a'way with sth </SPæŋ><br> 1. to win sth clearly or easily<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 轻而易举地赢得</font></SPAN><br> 2. to believe sth that is not true<br><font color=#FF5000>• 相信(不真实的东西)；误以为</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t want you to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run away with the impression </SPAN>that all I do is have meetings all day.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我不想让你误以为我整天的工作就是开会。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun back 'over sth </SPæŋ><br>• to discuss or consider sth again<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 再次讨论；重新考虑</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://review">review</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll run back over the procedure once again. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我将重新考虑这个程序。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sth 'by / 'past sb </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">informal</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to show sb sth or tell sb about an idea in order to see their reaction to it<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 给某人看,说给某人听(以观察其反应)</font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'down </SPæŋ><br> 1. to lose power or stop working<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 耗尽能量；停止工作</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The battery has run down. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 电池没电了。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to gradually stop functioning or become smaller in size or number<br><font color=#FF5000>• 逐渐失去作用；萎缩；衰减</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »British manufacturing industry has been running down for years. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 英国的制造业多年来一直在萎缩。 </font><br>--› related noun<b> <a href="bword://rundown">rundown</a> </b>(1) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sth∽'down </SPæŋ><br> 1. to make sth lose power or stop working<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 使耗尽能量；使停止工作</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »If you leave your headlights on you<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll soon run down the battery. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 如果你让车头灯一直亮着,很快就会把电池耗尽的。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to make sth gradually stop functioning or become smaller in size or number<br><font color=#FF5000>• 使逐渐失去作用；使萎缩；使衰减</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The company is running down its sales force. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 公司正在削减销售人员。 </font><br>--› related noun<b> <a href="bword://rundown">rundown</a> </b>(1) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sb / sth∽'down </SPæŋ><br> 1. (of a vehicle or its driver 车辆或司机) to hit sb / sth and knock them / it to the ground<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 把…撞倒</font></SPAN><br> 2. to criticize sb / sth in an unkind way<br><font color=#FF5000>• 恶意批评；说…的坏话；贬低</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s always running her down in front of other people. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他总是在别人面前说她的坏话。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to find sb / sth after a search<br><font color=#FF5000>• (经过搜寻后)找到</font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sb∽'in </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">old-fashioned</SPæŋ></SPæŋ>, <SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">informal</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to arrest sb and take them to a police station<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 把某人扭送警察局</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sth∽'in </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">(BrE) </SPæŋ><br>• (in the past) to prepare the engine of a new car for normal use by driving slowly and carefully<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• (旧时)磨合运转,磨合驾驶</font>: (<SPAN style="font-style:italic">figurative</SPAN>) </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Whatever system you choose, it must be run in properly. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 不管你选择什么样的体系,都必须经过适当的磨合。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'into sb </SPæŋ><br>• to meet sb by chance<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 偶然遇见,碰到(某人)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Guess who I ran into today! </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 猜猜我今天碰见谁了！ </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run into sth </SPAN><br> 1. to enter an area of bad weather while travelling<br><font color=#FF5000>• 途中遭遇(恶劣天气)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We ran into thick fog on the way home. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在回家的路上,我们遇上了大雾。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to experience difficulties, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 遇到(困难等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Be careful not to run into debt. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 小心不要背上债务。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run into danger / trouble / difficulties </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 遭遇危险/麻烦/困难 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to reach a particular level or amount<br><font color=#FF5000>• 达到(某种水平或数量)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Her income runs into one figures <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= is more than £100 000, $100 000, etc.)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她的收入达到了六位数。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run into sb / sth </SPAN><br>• to crash into sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 撞上</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The bus went out of control and ran into a line of people. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 公共汽车失控,撞了一排人。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run sth into sb / sth </SPAN><br>• to make a vehicle crash into sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 开(车)撞上</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He ran his car into a tree. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他开车撞上了一棵树。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'off </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">(BrE) </SPæŋ>(of a liquid 液体) <br>• to flow out of a container<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• (从容器中)溢出,流出</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sth∽'off </SPæŋ><br> 1. to copy sth on a machine<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• (用机器)复印,复制</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Could you run off twenty copies of the agenda? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你给我复印二十份会议议程好吗？ </font></SPAN><br> 2. to cause a race to be run<br><font color=#FF5000>• 举行,进行(赛跑等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The heats of the 200 metres will be run off tomorrow. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> * 200 米预赛将在明天举行。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to make a liquid flow out of a container<br><font color=#FF5000>• 使溢出；使流出</font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'off with sb </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> | <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'off (together) </SPæŋ>=<b> <a href="bword://run away with sb">run away with sb</a> </b></SPæŋ></SPæŋ></SPæŋ><br><SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'off with sth </SPæŋ><br>• to steal sth and take it away<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 偷走</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The treasurer had run off with the club<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s funds. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 财务主管盗走了俱乐部的资金。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'on </SPæŋ><br>• to continue without stopping; to continue longer than is necessary or expected<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 持续；连续不断；拖延</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The meeting will finish promptly—I don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t want it to run on. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 会议必须马上结束——不要拖延。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run on sth </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[no passive] </SPAN><br>• if your thoughts, a discussion, etc.<SPAN style="color:blue"> run on </SPAN>a subject, you think or talk a lot about that subject</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 以…为主题(或中心)；围绕</font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'out </SPæŋ><br> 1. if a supply of sth<SPæŋ style="color:blue"> runs out</SPæŋ>, it is used up or finished</SPæŋ><br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 用完；耗尽</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Time is running out for the trapped miners. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 被困矿工的时间不多了。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. if an agreement or a document<SPAN style="color:blue"> runs out</SPAN>, it becomes no longer valid</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 过期；失效</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://expire">expire</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'out (of sth) </SPæŋ><br>• to use up or finish a supply of sth<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 用完,耗尽(供应品)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We ran out of fuel. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们把燃料用光了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 给我支烟抽可以吗？我的烟好像抽完了。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'out on sb </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">informal</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to leave sb that you live with, especially when they need your help<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 弃某人而去；抛弃某人</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sb∽'out </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">əoften passive] </SPæŋ><SPæŋ style="font-weight:bold">(in<b> <a href="bword://cricket">cricket</a> </b></SPæŋ></SPæŋ> 板球) </SPæŋ><br>• to make a player stop<b> <a href="bword://batting">batting</a> </b></SPæŋ></SPæŋ>by hitting the<b> <a href="bword://wicket">wicket</a> </b></SPæŋ></SPæŋ>with the ball before the player has completed his or her run</SPæŋ><br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 将(正在跑的击球员)截杀出局</font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'over </SPæŋ><br>• if a container or its contents<SPæŋ style="color:blue"> run over</SPæŋ>, the contents come over the edge of the container</SPæŋ><br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 溢出</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://overflow">overflow</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sb / sth∽'over </SPæŋ>(of a vehicle or its driver 车辆或司机) <br>• to knock a person or an animal down and drive over their body or a part of it<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 撞倒并碾轧</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Two children were run over and killed. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 两名儿童被轧死了。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'over sth </SPæŋ><br>• to read through or practise sth quickly<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 快速阅读(或练习)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She ran over her notes before giving the lecture. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 讲课之前,她浏览了一下自己的讲稿。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sth 'past sb </SPæŋ>=<b> <a href="bword://run sth by / past sb">run sth by / past sb</a> </b></SPæŋ></SPæŋ>:<br><SPæŋ style="color:#04ʃ"> »ɔun that past me again. </SPæŋ><br><font style="color:#03ˌ;font-size:ˌ0%"> 把那件事再说给我听听。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sb∽'through </SPæŋ>(<SPæŋ style="font-style:italic">literary</SPæŋ>) </SPæŋ><br>• to kill sb by sticking a knife,<b> <a href="bword://sword">sword</a> </b></SPæŋ></SPæŋ>, etc. through them</SPæŋ><br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• (用刀、剑等)刺死</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'through sth </SPæŋ><br> 1. <SPæŋ style="color:darkgreen">əno passive] </SPæŋ> to pass quickly through sth<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 快速穿越；迅速传遍</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »An angry murmur ran through the crowd. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 愤怒的抱怨声在人群中迅速蔓延。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Thoughts of revenge kept running through his mind. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 报复的念头不断在他的脑子里闪过。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[no passive] </SPAN> to be present in every part of sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 遍布</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »A deep melancholy runs through her poetry. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她的诗充满了深深的感伤。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to discuss, repeat or read sth quickly<br><font color=#FF5000>• 匆匆讨论；快速阅读；很快地重复</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He ran through the names on the list. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他快速浏览了一下名单。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Could we run through your proposals once again? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们再来简要讨论一下你的建议,好吗？ </font></SPAN><br> 4. to perform, act or practise sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 表演；扮演；排练</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Can we run through Scene 3 again, please? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 请大家再来排练一下第 3 场好吗？ </font><br>--› related noun<b> <a href="bword://run-through">run-through</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 5. to use up or spend money carelessly<br><font color=#FF5000>• 挥霍</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She ran through the entire amount within ten years. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她不到两年就把所有的钱挥霍光了。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run to sth </SPAN><br> 1. to be of a particular size or amount<br><font color=#FF5000>• 达到,有(某一规模或数量)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The book runs to nearly 800 pages. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这本书有近 800 页。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>especially BrE</I>) </SPAN> if you or your money will<SPAN style="color:blue"> not run to sth</SPAN>, you do not have enough money for sth</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 有足够…的钱；足够…之用</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Our funds won<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t run to a trip abroad this year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 今年我们没有足够的钱去国外旅行。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun sth∽'up </SPæŋ><br> 1. to allow a bill, debt, etc. to reach a large total<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 积欠(账款、债务等)；累积</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://accumulate">accumulate</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »How had he managed to run up so many debts? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他怎么欠了这么多债？ </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://collect">collect</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. to make a piece of clothing quickly, especially by sewing<br><font color=#FF5000>• 赶制(衣服,尤指缝纫)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to run up a blouse </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 赶制一件女式衬衫 </font></SPAN><br> 3. to raise sth, especially a flag<br><font color=#FF5000>• 竖起,升起(旗帜)</font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">ˌrun 'up against sth </SPæŋ><br>• to experience a difficulty<br><font color=#ʃʃˈ000>• 遭遇(困难)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The government is running up against considerable opposition to its tax reforms. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 政府的税务改革遇到了相当大的阻力。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run with sb </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://run away with sb">run away with sb</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"><font color=red>◘</font> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run with sth </SPAN><br>• to accept or start to use a particular idea or method<br><font color=#FF5000>• 采纳(某种想法、方法等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »OK, let<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s run with Jan<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s suggestion. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 好,咱们就照简的建议干吧。 </font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">ON FOOT</SPAN> 徒步 <br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> an act of running; a period of time spent running or the distance that sb runs<br><font color=#FF5000>• 跑；跑步；跑步的时间(或距离)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I go for a run every morning. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我每天早晨都去跑步。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a five-mile run </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 跑上五英里 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Catching sight of her he <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">broke into a run </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= started running)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他一看见她就跑了起来。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I decided <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">to make a run for it </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= to escape by running)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我决定逃跑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She took the stairs <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">at a run</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她跑着上了楼梯。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://fun run">fun run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">TRIP</SPAN> 旅程 <br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a trip by car, plane, boat, etc., especially a short six or six that is made regularly<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指短程或定期,乘交通工具的)旅程,航程</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They took the car out for a run. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们乘汽车出去旅行。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://milk run">milk run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://rat run">rat run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://school run">school run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF SUCCESS / FAILURE</SPAN> 成功；失败 <br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a period of sth good or bad happening; a series of successes or failures<br><font color=#FF5000>• 一段(幸运或倒霉的)时光；一系列(成功或失败)</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://spell">spell</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">run of good / bad luck </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一连串好运/厄运 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Liverpool lost to Leeds, ending an unbeaten run of 18 games. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 利物浦队输给了利兹队,结束了连续 18 场不败的纪录。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF PLAY / MOVIE</SPAN> 戏剧；电影 <br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a series of performances of a play or film / movie<br><font color=#FF5000>• 连续上演(或放映)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The show had a record-breaking run in the London theatre. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这套节目在伦敦剧院连续上演,打破了演出纪录。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF PRODUCT</SPAN> 产品 <br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> the amount of a product that a company decides to make at six time<br><font color=#FF5000>• 额定产量</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The first <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">print run </SPAN>of 6 000 copies sold out.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 首印 6 000 册已全部售空。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MONEY</SPAN> 钱 <br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ on the dollar, pound, etc. </SPAN> a situation when many people sell dollars, etc. and the value of the money falls<br><font color=#FF5000>• 抛售(美元、英镑等)</font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">SUDDEN DEMAND</SPAN> 急需 <br> 7. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ on sth </SPAN> a situation when many people suddenly want to buy sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 争购；抢购</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a run on the band<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s latest CD </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 抢购这支乐队最新的激光唱片 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MONEY</SPAN> 钱 <br> 8. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ on a bank </SPAN> a situation when many people suddenly want to take their money out of a bank<br><font color=#FF5000>• (到银行)挤提,挤兑</font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">WAY THINGS HAPPEN</SPAN> 态势 <br> 9. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">the ~ of sth </SPAN> the way things usually happen; the way things seem to be happening on a particular occasion<br><font color=#FF5000>• 态势；状况；趋势；动向</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »In <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">the normal run of things </SPAN>the only exercise he gets is climbing in and out of taxis.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 正常情况下,他的唯一运动就是上下出租车。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<font color=darkgreen>(<i>BrE</i>)</font> Wise scored in the 15th minute <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">against the run of play </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= although the other team had seemed more likely to score)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 怀斯在比赛进行到 15 分钟的时候出人意料地得分。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">IN SPORTS</SPAN> 体育运动 <br> 10. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a sloping track used in<b> <a href="bword://skiing">skiing</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>and some other sports</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (滑雪或其他运动项目中的)坡道,滑道</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">ski / toboggan, etc. run </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 滑雪道、雪橇滑道等 </font></SPAN><br> 11. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a point scored in the game of<b> <a href="bword://cricket">cricket</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>or<b> <a href="bword://baseball">baseball</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (板球或棒球中的)得分</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Our team won by five runs. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们队赢了四分。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://home run">home run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">IN ELECTION</SPAN> 选举 <br> 12. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN> an act of trying to get elected to public office<br><font color=#FF5000>• 竞选</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He made an unsuccessful run for governor in 2005. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> * 2005 年他竞选州长失败。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">FOR ANIMALS / BIRDS</SPAN> 畜；禽 <br> 13. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(often in compounds 常构成复合词) </SPAN> a confined area in which animals or birds are kept as pets or on a farm<br><font color=#FF5000>• 饲养场</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a chicken run </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 养鸡场 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">IN MUSIC</SPAN> 音乐 <br> 14. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a series of notes sung or played quickly up or down the<b> <a href="bword://scale">scale</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (顺着音阶的)急奏,急唱</font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">IN CARD GAMES</SPAN> 纸牌游戏 <br> 15. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a series of cards held by six player<br><font color=#FF5000>• 顺子</font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">IN TIGHTS / STOCKINGS</SPAN> 裤袜；长袜 <br> 16. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://ladder">ladder</a> </b> n. (3) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">ILLNESS</SPAN> 疾病 <br> 17. the runs <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[pl.] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">informal</SPAN>) </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://dry run">dry run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://dummy run">dummy run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://trial run">trial run</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> the common, general, ordinary, usual run (of sth) </SPAN><br>• the average type of sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 普通类型</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He was very different from the general run of movie stars. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他和一般的电影明星迥然不同。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> give sb / get / have the <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run of sth </SPAN><br>• to give sb / get / have permission to make full use of sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 允许某人充分使用；获准充分使用</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Her dogs have the run of the house. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她的狗可以在家里自由出入。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> give sb a (good) run for their <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>money </SPAN><br>• to make sb try very hard, using all their skill and effort, in order to beat you in a game or competition<br><font color=#FF5000>• 不让…轻易取胜；与…进行激烈竞争</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> on the <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>run </SPAN><br> 1. trying to avoid being captured<br><font color=#FF5000>• 躲避</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s on the run from the police. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他在躲避警方的追捕。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. (<SPAN style="font-style:italic">informal</SPAN>) </SPAN> continuously active and moving around<br><font color=#FF5000>• 忙碌；不停地奔波</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ve been on the run all day and I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>m exhausted. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我忙了一整天,累极了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Here are some quick recipes for when you<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>re eating on the run <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= in a hurry)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这是一些供匆忙用餐时用的快餐食谱。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>--› more at<b> <a href="bword://long">long</a> </b></SPAN>adj.</SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://short">short</a> </b></SPAN>adj. </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>host </b></font> / <FONT color=red>həust; NAme houst / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a person who invites guests to a meal, a party, etc. or who has people staying at their house<br><font color=#FF5000>• 主人</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 主人伊恩把我们介绍给了其他客人。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://hostess">hostess</a> </b>(1) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a country, a city or an organization that holds and arranges a special event<br><font color=#FF5000>• 东道主；主办国(或城市、机构)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The college is <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">playing host to </SPAN>a group of visiting Russian scientists.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学院正在接待一批来访的俄罗斯科学家。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a person who introduces a television or radio show, and talks to guests<br><font color=#FF5000>• (电视或广播的)节目主持人</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://compère">compère</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a TV game show host </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 电视游戏节目主持人 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://announcer">announcer</a> </b>(1)</SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://presenter">presenter</a> </b>(1) </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="font-weight:bold">(technical 术语) </SPAN> an animal or a plant on which another animal or plant lives and feeds<br><font color=#FF5000>• (寄生动植物的)寄主,宿主</font></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ of sb / sth </SPAN> a large number of people or things<br><font color=#FF5000>• 许多；大量</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a host of possibilities </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 多种可能性 </font></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> the main computer in a network that controls or supplies information to other computers that are connected to it<br><font color=#FF5000>• (计算机网络的)主机,服务机</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »transferring files from the host to your local computer </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 从主机向你的本地机传送文件 </font></SPAN><br> 7. the Host <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN> the bread that is used in the Christian service of<b> <a href="bword://Communion">Communion</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>, after it has been<b> <a href="bword://blessed">blessed</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (成圣体的麪饼)祭品,祭饼</font></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><br> 1. to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for them<br><font color=#FF5000>• 主办,主持(活动)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Germany hosted the World Cup finals. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 德国主办了世界杯决赛。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. to introduce a television or radio programme, a show, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 主持(电视或广播节目等)</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://compère">compère</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 3. to organize a party that you have invited guests to<br><font color=#FF5000>• 作为主人组织(聚会)；做东</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to host a dinner </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 设宴招待客人 </font></SPAN><br> 4. to store a website on a computer connected to the Internet, usually in return for payment<br><font color=#FF5000>• (通常收费在与互联网连接的计算机上)存贮网站</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a company that builds and hosts e-commerce sites </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 在互联网上建立并存贮电子商务网站的公司 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>ap<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>prove </b></font> / <FONT color=red>əˈpru:v / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (of sb / sth) </SPAN> to think that sb / sth is good, acceptable or suitable<br><font color=#FF5000>• 赞成；同意</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t approve. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我告诉母亲我不想继续上学,但是母亲不同意。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Do you approve of my idea? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你同意我的想法吗？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She doesn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t approve of me leaving school this year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她不同意我今年离校。 </font><br> »(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>)</SPAN><SPAN style="color:#04F"> She doesn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t approve of my leaving school this year. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她不同意我今年离校。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【OPP】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://disapprove">disapprove</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to officially agree to a plan, request, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• 批准,通过(计划、要求等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The committee unanimously approved the plan. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 委员会一致通过了计划。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://agree">agree</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[often passive] </SPAN> to say that sth is good enough to be used, or is correct<br><font color=#FF5000>• 认可；核准</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The course is approved by the Department for Education. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 课程已获教育部核准。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>charge </b></font> / <FONT color=red>tʃɑ:dʒ; NAmE tʃɑ:rdʒ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MONEY</SPAN> 钱 <br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sth) </SPAN> the amount of money that sb asks for goods and services<br><font color=#FF5000>• (商品和服务所需的)要价,收费</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We have to make a small charge for refreshments. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们得收取少量茶点费。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »admission charges </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 入场费 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Delivery is <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">free of charge</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 免费送货。 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://rate">rate</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I></SPAN>, <SPAN style="font-style:italic">informal</SPAN>) </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://charge account">charge account</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://credit account">credit account</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Would you like to put that on your charge? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你愿意把这笔费用记在你的账上吗？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Are you paying cash?<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>No, it<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll be a charge.<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> "你用现金支付吗？" "不,记账吧。" </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">OF CRIME / STH WRONG</SPAN> 罪行；过失 <br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN> an official claim made by the police that sb has committed a crime<br><font color=#FF5000>• 指控；控告</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »criminal charges </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 刑事指控 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a murder / an assault charge </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 谋杀罪的/侵犯人身罪的指控 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He will be sent back to England <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">to face a charge of </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= to be on trial for) </SPAN>armed robbery.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他将被遣返回英国面临持械抢劫罪的指控。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They decided to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">drop the charges </SPAN>against the newspaper and settle out of court.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们已决定撤销对那家报纸的指控,在庭外和解。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »After being questioned by the police, she was released <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">without charge</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她被警察传讯后无罪释放。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a statement accusing sb of doing sth wrong or bad<br><font color=#FF5000>• 指责；谴责</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://allegation">allegation</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She rejected the charge that the story was untrue. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她否认了说她编造事实的指责。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Be careful you don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">leave yourself open to charges </SPAN>of political bias.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你要小心别留下把柄,让人家指责你带有政治偏见。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">RESPONSIBILITY</SPAN> 职责 <br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> a position of having control over sb / sth; responsibility for sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 主管；掌管；照管；职责；责任</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She has charge of the day-to-day running of the business. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她负责掌管日常业务。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They left the au pair <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in charge of </SPAN>the children for a week.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们把孩子留给做换工的照料一周。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">took charge of </SPAN>the farm after his father<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s death.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>m leaving the school in your charge. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我这就把学校交给你掌管。 </font></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN> </SPAN>or <SPAN style="font-style:italic">humorous</SPAN>) </SPAN> a person that you have responsibility for and care for<br><font color=#FF5000>• 被照管的人；受照料者</font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">ELECTRICITY</SPAN> 电 <br> 7. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN> the amount of electricity that is put into a battery or carried by a substance<br><font color=#FF5000>• (电池或带电物质的)充电量,电荷</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">positive / negative charge </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 正/负电荷 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">RUSH / ATTACK</SPAN> 猛冲；攻击 <br> 8. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a sudden rush or violent attack, for example by soldiers, wild animals or players in some sports<br><font color=#FF5000>• 突然猛冲；猛攻；冲锋</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He led the charge down the field. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他带头沿着球场冲杀过去。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">EXPLOSIVE</SPAN> 炸药 <br> 9. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> the amount of<b> <a href="bword://explosive">explosive</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>needed to fire a gun or make an explosion</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (射击或爆炸需要的)炸药量</font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://depth charge">depth charge</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">STRONG FEELING</SPAN> 强烈感情 <br> 10. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN> the power to cause strong feelings<br><font color=#FF5000>• 感染力；震撼力</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the emotional charge of the piano piece </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 那首钢琴曲扣人心弦的感染力 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">TASK</SPAN> 任务 <br> 11. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[sing.] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN> a task or duty<br><font color=#FF5000>• 任务；责任</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »His charge was to obtain specific information. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他的任务是收集具体的信息。 </font></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> bring / press / prefer <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>charges against sb </SPAN><br><SPAN style="font-weight:bold">(law 律) </SPAN><br>• to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court<br><font color=#FF5000>• 起诉；控告</font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> get a <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>charge out of sth </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>NAmE</I>) </SPAN><br>• to get a strong feeling of excitement or pleasure from sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 从…中得到快感(或快乐、乐趣)</font></SPAN><br>--› more at</SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">MONEY</SPAN> 钱 <br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (sb / sth) for sth </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (sb) sth (for sth) </SPAN> to ask an amount of money for goods or a service<br><font color=#FF5000>• 收费；要价</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »What did they charge for the repairs? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们收了多少修理费？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The restaurant charged £20 for dinner. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这家餐馆收了 20 英镑的餐费。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We won<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t charge you for delivery. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们送货不收费。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>re charging £3 for the catalogue. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们的这份商品目录收费 3 英镑。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VNN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He only charged me half price. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他只收我半价。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Do you think museums should charge for admission? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 你认为博物馆应该收入场费吗？ </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [also V <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">to</SPAN> <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> inf</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> also VN <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">to</SPAN> <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> inf</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sth to sth </SPAN> to record the cost of sth as an amount that sb has to pay<br><font color=#FF5000>• 把…记在账上；在某人账上记入</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They charge the calls to their credit-card account. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们用信用卡账户支付电话费。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<font color=darkgreen>(<i>NAmE</i>)</font> Don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t worry. I<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">charge it </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= pay by credit card)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 别担心,我会用信用卡付款的。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">WITH CRIME / STH WRONG</SPAN> 犯罪；过失 <br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb (with sth / with doing sth) </SPAN> to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court<br><font color=#FF5000>• 控告；起诉</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He was charged with murder. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Several people were arrested but nobody was charged. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 有数人被捕,但均未受到起诉。 </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb (with sth / with doing sth) </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN> to accuse sb publicly of doing sth wrong or bad<br><font color=#FF5000>• 指责；谴责</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Opposition MPs charged the minister with neglecting her duty. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 反对党议员指责女部长玩忽职守。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">RUSH / ATTACK</SPAN> 猛冲；攻击 <br> 5. to rush forward and attack sb / sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 猛攻；猛冲；冲锋</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The bull put its head down and charged. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 公牛低下头猛冲过来。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We charged at the enemy. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们向敌人发起冲锋。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [also VN] </SPAN></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [V</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> +<SPAN style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic">adv. / prep.</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN> to rush in a particular direction<br><font color=#FF5000>• 向…方向冲去</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The children charged down the stairs. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 孩子们冲下了楼梯。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He came charging into my room and demanded to know what was going on. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他冲进我的房间,要求知道发生了什么事。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">WITH RESPONSIBILITY / TASK</SPAN> 职责；任务 <br> 7. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(usually passive 通常用于被动语态) </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb with sth </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN> to give sb a responsibility or task<br><font color=#FF5000>• 赋予…职责(或任务)；使…承担责任(或任务)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The committee has been charged with the development of sport in the region. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 委员会已被赋予在该地区发展体育运动的职责。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The governing body is charged with managing the school within its budget. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学校管理机构负有在预算范围内管理好学校的职责。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">WITH ELECTRICITY</SPAN> 电 <br> 8. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (sth) (up) </SPAN> to pass electricity through sth so that it is stored there<br><font color=#FF5000>• 充电</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Before use, the battery must be charged. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 电池使用前必须充电。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这种电动剃须刀可充电供旅行使用。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">WITH STRONG FEELING</SPAN> 强烈感情 <br> 9. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">(usually passive 通常用于被动语态) </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sth (with sth) </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">literary</SPAN>) </SPAN> to fill sb with an emotion<br><font color=#FF5000>• 使充满(…情绪)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The room was charged with hatred. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这个房间里充满了敌意。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">highly charged </SPAN>atmosphere</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一触即发的紧张气氛 </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">GLASS</SPAN> 玻璃杯 <br> 10. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>BrE</I></SPAN>, <SPAN style="font-style:italic">formal</SPAN>) </SPAN> to fill a glass<br><font color=#FF5000>• 注满(玻璃杯)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Please charge your glasses and drink a toast to the bride and groom! </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 请各位斟满酒杯向新娘、新郎敬酒！ </font></SPAN></SPAN><br>›› <SPAN style="text-transform:lowercase;font-weight:bold">GUN</SPAN> 枪 <br> 11. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">old use</SPAN>) </SPAN> to load a gun<br><font color=#FF5000>• 装(弹药)</font></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>school<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>mate </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈsku:lmeit / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> (<I>especially BrE</I>) </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://school friend">school friend</a> </b>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>broad<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>cast </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st; NAmE -kæst / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font> (<SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">broad<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>cast</SPAN>, <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">broad<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>cast</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>)<br> 1. to send out programmes on television or radio<br><font color=#FF5000>• 播送(电视或无线电节目)；广播</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The concert will be <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">broadcast live </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= at the same time as it takes place) </SPAN>tomorrow evening.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 音乐会明晚将现场直播。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [V] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They began broadcasting in 1922. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们于 1922 年开播。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> [VN] </SPAN> to tell a lot of people about sth<br><font color=#FF5000>• 散布,传播(信息等)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I don<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t like to <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">broadcast the fact </SPAN>that my father owns the company.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我不想宣扬这家公司为我父亲所有。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>• a radio or television programme<br><font color=#FF5000>• 广播节目；电视节目</font><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">:</SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<font color=darkgreen>(<i>BrE</i>)</font> a party political broadcast <SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= for example, before an election) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 政党政治广播节目 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We watched a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">live broadcast </SPAN>of the speech<SPAN style="font-style:italic"> (= one shown at the same time as the speech was made)</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们观看了那场演说的现场直播。 </font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>prep<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ar<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ation </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌprepəˈreiʃn / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sth) </SPAN> the act or process of getting ready for sth or making sth ready<br><font color=#FF5000>• 准备；预备</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Preparation for the party started early. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »food preparation </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 食物制作 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Careful preparation for the exam is essential. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 认真准备考试十分必要。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The third book in the series is currently <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in preparation</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The team has been training hard <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">in preparation for </SPAN>the big game.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 为备战这场重要比赛,队伍一直在严格训练。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually pl.] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (for sth) </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (to do sth) </SPAN> things that you do to get ready for sth or make sth ready<br><font color=#FF5000>• 准备工作</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The country is <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">making preparations </SPAN>for war.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这个国家正在进行备战。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We made preparations to move to new offices. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们已准备好要搬到新办公室。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »wedding preparations </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 婚礼的筹备工作 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Was going to college a good preparation for your career? </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 上大学是否为你的事业打下了良好基础？ </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a substance that has been specially prepared for use as a medicine,<b> <a href="bword://cosmetic">cosmetic</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>, etc.</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (医药、化妆品等)配制品,制剂</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a pharmaceutical preparation </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 药剂 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »preparations for the hair and skin </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 护发护肤制剂 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>event </b></font> / <FONT color=red>iˈvent / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. a thing that happens, especially sth important<br><font color=#FF5000>• 发生的事情；(尤指)重要事情,大事</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The election was the main event of 2004. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 那次选举是 2004 年的主要大事。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »In the light of later events the decision was proved right. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 从后来发生的事看,这一决定证明是正确的。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The decisions we take now may influence <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">the course of events </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= the way things happen) </SPAN>in the future.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们现在作出的决定可能会对未来事情的发展产生影响。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Everyone was frightened by the strange <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">sequence of events</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 人人都因接二连三发生的怪事感到惊恐。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">In the normal course of events </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= if things had happened as expected) </SPAN>she would have gone with him.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 要是事情发展顺利的话,她已同他一块儿走了。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. a planned public or social occasion<br><font color=#FF5000>• 公开活动；社交场合</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a fund-raising event </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 筹款活动 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the social event of the year </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 本年度最重要的社交活动 </font></SPAN><br> 3. one of the races or competitions in a sports programme<br><font color=#FF5000>• (体育运动的)比赛项目</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The 800 metres is the fourth event of the afternoon. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> * 800 米赛是下午的第四项比赛。 </font><br>--› see also<b> <a href="bword://field event">field event</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://track event">track event</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN><DIV style="color:red;margin-top:15"><b>【IDIOMS】</b></DIV><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> after the e<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>vent </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">(<I>BrE</I>) </SPAN><br>• after sth has happened<br><font color=#FF5000>• 事情发生后；事后</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Anyone can be wise after the event. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 事后聪明谁都会。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>any event </SPAN>| <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> at <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>all events </SPAN><br>• used to emphasize or show that sth is true or will happen in spite of other circumstances<br><font color=#FF5000>• 不管怎样；无论如何</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://in any case">in any case</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I think she<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>ll agree to do it but in any event, all she can say is <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>no<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我想她会同意做的,但无论怎样,她只能说"不"。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in the e<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>vent </SPAN><br>• when the situation actually happened<br><font color=#FF5000>• 结果；到头来</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I got very nervous about the exam, but in the event, I needn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t have worried; it was really easy. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我对考试提心吊胆,但其实我本不必担心,这次考试的确很容易。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in the event of sth </SPAN>| <SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in the event that sth happens </SPAN><br>• if sth happens<br><font color=#FF5000>• 如果…发生；万一；倘若</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »In the event of an accident, call this number. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 万一发生事故就拨这个号码。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Sheila will inherit everything in the event of his death. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他一旦故去,所有财产都由希拉继承。 </font></SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:blue;font-weight=bold"><font color=red>◘</font> in <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>that event </SPAN><br>• if that happens<br><font color=#FF5000>• 如果是那样的话；如果那种事情发生</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »In that event, we will have to reconsider our offer. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 如果是那样的话,我们就得重新考虑我们的建议。 </font></SPAN><br>--› more at<b> <a href="bword://happy">happy</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>,<b> <a href="bword://wise">wise</a> </b></SPAN>adj. </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>out<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ing </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈautiŋ / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ (to...) </SPAN> a trip that you go on for pleasure or education, usually with a group of people and lasting no more than one day<br><font color=#FF5000>• (集体)出外游玩(或学习等)；远足</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://excursion">excursion</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »We went <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">on an outing </SPAN>to London.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们游览了伦敦。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a family outing </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 全家远足 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://trip">trip</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN><SPAN style="font-weight:bold">(sport 体) </SPAN>(<SPAN style="font-style:italic">informal</SPAN>) </SPAN> an occasion when sb takes part in a competition<br><font color=#FF5000>• 参赛；比赛</font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C] </SPAN> the practice of naming people as<b> <a href="bword://homosexuals">homosexuals</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>in public, when they do not want anyone to know</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• (违背同性恋者本人意愿)对(某人)身份的公开挑明</font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>gradu<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ation </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌɡrædʒuˈeiʃn / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the act of successfully completing a university degree, or studies at an American<b> <a href="bword://high school">high school</a> </b><br><font color=#FF5000>• (大学或美国高中的)毕业</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It was my first job after graduation. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 那是我毕业后的第一个工作。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, C] </SPAN> a ceremony at which degrees, etc. are officially given out<br><font color=#FF5000>• 毕业典礼</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »graduation day </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 毕业典礼日 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »My whole family came to my graduation. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我的家人都来参加了我的毕业典礼。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN>=<b> <a href="bword://gradation">gradation</a> </b>(2) </SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »The graduations are marked on the side of the flask. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 烧瓶侧面标有刻度。 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>poet </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈpəuit; NAme ˈpouət / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>• a person who writes poems<br><font color=#FF5000>• 诗人</font>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>gen<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>er<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ation </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌdʒenəˈreiʃn / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C + sing. / pl. <I>v</I>.] </SPAN> all the people who were born at about the same time<br><font color=#FF5000>• (统称)一代人,同代人,同辈人</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">younger / older generation </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 年轻的一代；老一辈 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »My generation have grown up without the experience of a world war. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我这一代人在成长过程中没有经历过世界大战。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »I often wonder what <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">future generations </SPAN>will make of our efforts.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我常常想:后代将怎样评价我们所作出的努力。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> the average time in which children grow up, become adults and have children of their own (usually considered to be about 30 years)<br><font color=#FF5000>• 代,一代,一辈(通常认为大约 30 年)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a generation ago </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 一代人以前 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »My family have lived in this house <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">for generations</SPAN>.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我家祖祖辈辈都住在这房子里。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, U] </SPAN> a single stage in the history of a family<br><font color=#FF5000>• (家史中的)一代,一辈</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »stories passed down from generation to generation </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 世代相传的故事 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">first- / second-generation </SPAN>American<SPAN style="font-style:italic"> (= a person whose family has lived in America for one / two generations) </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 第一/第二代美国人(家人在美国居住了一、二代者) </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually sing.] </SPAN> a group of people of similar age involved in a particular activity<br><font color=#FF5000>• 一批,一届(从事特定活动的同龄人)</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She has inspired a whole generation of fashion school graduates. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她激励了整整一届时装学校的毕业生。 </font></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C</SPAN><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">, usually sing.] </SPAN> a stage in the development of a product, usually a technical one<br><font color=#FF5000>• (产品发展,尤指技术方面的)代</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »fifth-generation computing </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 第五代计算机技术 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">new generation of </SPAN>vehicle</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 新一代交通运输工具 </font></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the production of sth, especially electricity, heat, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• (尤指电、热等的)产生</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the generation of electricity </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 发电 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »methods of income generation </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 产生收益的方法 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>lit<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>er<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ary </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈlitərəri; NAme -reri / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br> 1. connected with literature<br><font color=#FF5000>• 文学的；文学上的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »<SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">literary criticism / theory </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 文学批评/理论 </font></SPAN><br> 2. (of a language or style of writing 语言或写作文体) suitable for or typical of a work of literature<br><font color=#FF5000>• 适于文学作品的；有典型文学作品特征的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary language. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 是乔叟使英语真正变成了文学语言。 </font></SPAN><br> 3. liking literature very much; studying or writing literature<br><font color=#FF5000>• 爱好文学的；从事文学研究(或写作)的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a literary man </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 文人 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>se<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>lect </b></font> / <FONT color=red>siˈlekt / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>verb </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb / sth (as / for sth) </SPAN>| <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">~ sb / sth (from sth) </SPAN> to choose sb / sth from a group of people or things, usually according to a system<br><font color=#FF5000>• 选择；挑选；选拔</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »He hasn<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>t been selected for the team. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他未能入选进队。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »All our hotels have been <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">carefully selected </SPAN>for the excellent value they provide.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 我们住的旅馆都是精心挑选的,最为合算。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »She was selected as the parliamentary candidate for Bath. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 她被选为巴斯选区的议员候选人。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">randomly selected </SPAN>sample of 23 schools</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 随机抽选的 23 所学校 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »selected poems of T.S. Eliot </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> * T.S. 艾略特诗选 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »This model is available at selected stores only. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 这种款式只定点销售。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [VN <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">to</SPAN> <SPAN style="color:darkgreen"> inf</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Six theatre companies have been selected to take part in this year<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s festival. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 已选定六个剧团参加今年的戏剧节。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:darkgreen">▪ [also V <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">wh-</SPAN></SPAN>] </SPAN><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://choose">choose</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="font-weight:bold">(computing 计) </SPAN><br>• <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[VN] </SPAN> to mark sth on a computer screen; to choose sth, especially from a menu<br><font color=#FF5000>• (在计算机屏幕上)选定；(从菜单中)选择,选取</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Select the text you want to format by holding down the left button on your mouse. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 按住鼠标左键选取你想要格式化的文本。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Select <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>New Mail<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> from the <FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>Send<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT> menu. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 从"发送"选单中选择"新邮件"。 </font></SPAN></SPAN><hr style=" height: 1px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>adj. </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[only before noun] </SPAN> carefully chosen as the best out of a larger group of people or things<br><font color=#FF5000>• 精选的；作为…精华的；优等的</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a select wine list </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 名优葡萄酒目录 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »Only a <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">select few </SPAN><SPAN style="font-style:italic">(= a small number of people) </SPAN>have been invited to the wedding.</SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 婚礼只邀请了几个至亲好友参加。 </font></SPAN><br> 2. (of a society, club, place, etc. 社团、俱乐部、地方等) used by people who have a lot of money or a high social position<br><font color=#FF5000>• 有钱、有社会地位的人使用的</font><br><SPAN style="color:red;margin-left:5">【SYN】</SPAN><b> <a href="bword://exclusive">exclusive</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »They live in a very select area. </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 他们住在一个上层人士住宅区。 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »a select club </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 名流俱乐部 </font></SPAN></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>court<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>yard </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˈkɔ:tjɑ:d; NAmE ˈkɔ:rtjɑ:rd / (also <SPæŋ style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">court</SPæŋ>) <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br>• an open space that is partly or completely surrounded by buildings and is usually part of a castle, a large house, etc.<br><font color=#FF5000>• (通常为城堡、大宅第等的)庭院,院子,天井</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the <SPAN style="text-decoration:underline">central / inner courtyard </SPAN></SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 中心/内庭院 </font></SPAN>
<hr style=" height: 4px; border: none; background-color: blue"><font color=blue size=+1><b>com<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>pos<font style="font-weight:lighter">∙</font>ition </b></font> / <FONT color=red>ˌkɔmpəˈziʃn; NAmE ˌkɑ:m- / <br><font color=red>◙ </font><font color=darkred font=+1><b><i>noun </i></b></font><br> 1. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the different parts which sth is made of; the way in which the different parts are organized<br><font color=#FF5000>• 成分；构成；组合方式</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the chemical composition of the soil </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 土壤的化学成分 </font><br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »the composition of the board of directors </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 董事会的组成 </font><br>--› note at<b> <a href="bword://structure">structure</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><br> 2. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a piece of music or art, or a poem<br><font color=#FF5000>• (音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »one of Beethoven<FONT style="font-weight:normal">'</FONT>s finest compositions </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 贝多芬最优美的音乐作品之一 </font></SPAN><br> 3. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the act of<b> <a href="bword://composing">composing</a> </b></SPAN></SPAN>sth</SPAN><br><font color=#FF5000>• 作曲；创作</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »pieces performed in the order of their composition </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 按作曲顺序表演的作品 </font></SPAN><br> 4. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN> the art of writing music<br><font color=#FF5000>• 作曲艺术</font>:<br><SPAN style="color:#04F"> »to study composition </SPAN><br><font style="color:#039;font-size:90%"> 学习作曲艺术 </font></SPAN><br> 5. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[C] </SPAN> a short text that is written as a school exercise; a short essay<br><font color=#FF5000>• 作文；小论文</font></SPAN><br> 6. <SPAN style="color:darkgreen">[U] </SPAN><SPAN style="font-weight:bold">(art 美术) </SPAN> the arrangement of people or objects in a painting or photograph<br><font color=#FF5000>• (绘画、摄影的)构图</font></SPAN></SPAN>