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synaptic_function.md

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'Functional process-based'

  1. Presynaptic excitability - TBA
  2. presynaptic ca entry/primary ca channels for different syn and regions - TBA
  3. synaptic vesicle clustering/docking/priming - synaptic vesicle docking ; GO:0016081
  4. fusion/release - calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter ; GO:0048791
  1. Neurotransmitter reuptake - neurotransmitter uptake ; GO:0001504
  2. Synaptic vesicle endocytosis synaptic vesicle endocytosis ; GO:0048488
  3. Synaptic vesicle membrane recycling - #synaptic vesicle recycling ; GO:0036465
  4. Neurotransmitter loading - neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle ; GO:0098700
  5. Dense core vesicle transport and release
  6. Presynaptic modulation - TBA ?
  7. Organization of synaptic junction - Does this mean regulation of organization?
  • Extracellular matrix
  • Glia-related modulation
  1. Receptor binding/activation - [neurotransmitter receptor activity]
  2. Receptor localization - TBA ?
  3. Trafficking - synaptic vesicle transport ?
    • Constitutive - TBA
    • Activity-dependent - TBA
  4. Postsynaptic excitability -
    • Receptor modulation - TBA ?
    • Ion channels - TBA ?
  5. Postsynaptic signal transduction - No general terms - lots of specific ones
  6. Synaptic plasticity - regulation of synaptic plasticity ; GO:0048167
  • Structural plasticity-spines - TBA
  • Functional plasticity - TBA
  1. Extra-synaptic modulators - Very general - presumably maps to many terms?

neurotransmitter uptake ; GO:0001504

  • def:"The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft." [ISBN:0123668387]
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter import" EXACT [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter import into glial cell" NARROW []
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter import into neuron" NARROW []
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter recycling" BROAD []
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter reuptake" EXACT []

synaptic transmission ; GO:0007268

  • def:"The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse." [GOC:jl, MeSH:D009435]
  • synonym:"neurotransmission" RELATED [GOC:dph]
  • synonym:"regulation of synapse" RELATED []
  • synonym:"signal transmission across a synapse" EXACT []

synaptic vesicle docking ; GO:0016081

  • def:"The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane." [PMID:15217342]
  • synonym:"synaptic vesicle docking during exocytosis" RELATED [GOC:dph, GOC:tb]
  • synonym:"synaptic vesicle docking involved in exocytosis" EXACT []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0007268 ! synaptic transmission

synaptic vesicle priming ; GO:0016082

  • def:"The formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion." [GOC:mah, PMID:15217342]
  • relationship: part_of GO:0007268 ! synaptic transmission

neurotransmitter receptor activity ; GO:0030594

  • def:"Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity." [GOC:jl, GOC:signaling]
  • relationship: part_of GO:0007268 ! synaptic transmission

synaptic vesicle recycling ; GO:0036465

  • def:"The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane." [GOC:bf, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:15217342, PMID:22026965, PMID:23245563]
  • synonym:"kiss-and-run synaptic vesicle recycling" NARROW [PMID:15217342]
  • synonym:"kiss-and-stay synaptic vesicle recycling" NARROW [PMID:152127342]
  • relationship: part_of GO:0007268 ! synaptic transmission

regulation of synaptic plasticity ; GO:0048167

  • def:"A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers." [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, http://www.mercksource.com, PMID:11891290] comment: Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
  • relationship: regulates GO:0007268 ! synaptic transmission

synaptic vesicle endocytosis ; GO:0048488

alt_id: GO:0008099

  • def:"An endocytosis process that results in the invagination of the axonal plasma membrane to create a membrane-bounded vesicle. This process takes up excess membrane that would otherwise accumulate at the presynaptic terminal due to fusion of vesicle membranes during neurotransmitter release. The vesicles created may subsequently be used for neurotransmitter storage and release." [GOC:jid, GOC:lmg, GOC:mah]
  • synonym:"synaptic vesicle retrieval" RELATED []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0036465 ! synaptic vesicle recycling

calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter ; GO:0048791

  • def:"The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is dependent on the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell." [GOC:curators]

spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion ; GO:0061669

  • def:"Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential." [GOC:dph, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:21334193]
  • synonym:"stimulus-independent neurotransmitter secretion" EXACT [GOC:dph]

neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle ; GO:0098700

  • def:"The active transport of neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. Typically this import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vacuolar membrane, established by the action vacuolar proton pumps (see 'synaptic vesicle lumen acidification' GO:0097401)." [GOC:bf, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:10099709, PMID:15217342]
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter import into synaptic vesicle" EXACT []
  • synonym:"neurotransmitter uptake into synaptic vesicle" EXACT [PMID:15217342]

fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter ; GO:0098746

  • def:"The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release." [GOC:dos, GOC:pad, GOC:PARL, PMID:4405553, PMID:7809151, PMID:7954835]
  • synonym:"synchronous, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter" EXACT [PMID:7954835] is_a: GO:0048791 ! calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

slow, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter ; GO:0098747

  • def:"The slow, second phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on high affinity calcium sensors and decays slowly, typically with a decay constant of over 100ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the earlier, fast phase of release." [GOC:dos, GOC:pad, GOC:parl, PMID:7809151, PMID:7954835] is_a: GO:0048791 ! calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter