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synapse_structure.md

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'Localization-based' terms from synapse meeting

  1. Synaptic vesicle proteins - synaptic vesicle ; GO:0008021
  1. Active zone proteins - presynaptic active zone ; GO:0048786
  • Integral
  • Peripheral
  1. Presynaptic plasma membrane proteins - presynaptic membrane ; GO:0042734
  2. Endocytic proteins
  3. Endosome - TBA
  4. Presynaptic cytosolic proteins
  5. Postsynaptic plasma membrane proteins - postsynaptic membrane ; GO:0045211
  6. Postsynaptic density proteins - postsynaptic density ; GO:0014069
  7. Spine cytoskeleton - TBA
  8. Postsynaptic endosome - TBA

synapse ; GO:0045202

  • def:"The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane." [ISBN:0198506732]
  • synonym:"electrotonic synapse" RELATED [NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124]
  • synonym:"mixed synapse" NARROW [NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497]
  • synonym:"synaptic junction" EXACT []

synaptic vesicle ; GO:0008021

  • def:"A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane." [PMID:10099709]
  • synonym: "docked vesicle" NARROW [NIF_Subcellular:sao403156667]
  • relationship: part_of GO:0045202 ! synapse

integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane ; GO:0030285

  • def:"The component of the synaptic vesicle membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that have some part that penetrates at least one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. This component includes gene products that are buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer." [GOC:dos, GOC:go_curators]
  • synonym:"integral to synaptic vesicle membrane" NARROW []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0008021 ! synaptic vesicle

presynaptic active zone ; GO:0048786

  • def:"A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, synaptic vesicles, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix." [GOC:dh, GOC:dl, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, PMID:3152289]
  • synonym:"pre-synaptic active zone" EXACT []
  • synonym:"pre-synaptic active zone component" NARROW [NIF_Subcellular:sao1911631652]
  • relationship: part_of GO:0045202 ! synapse

presynaptic grid ; GO:1990013

  • def:"A hexagonal array of electron dense particles attached to the cytoplasmic face of the presynaptic membrane." [ISBN:0716723808, NIF_Subcellular:sao1730664005]
  • synonym:"pre-synaptic grid" EXACT []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0048786 ! presynaptic active zone

presynaptic membrane ; GO:0042734

  • def:"A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane." [GOC:jl, ISBN:0815316194]
  • synonym:"pre-synaptic membrane" EXACT []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0045202 ! synapse

synaptic cleft ; GO:0043083

postsynaptic membrane ; GO:0045211

  • def:"A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane." [ISBN:0198506732]
  • synonym:"post-synaptic membrane" EXACT []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0045202 ! synapse

postsynaptic density ; GO:0014069

  • def:"The postsynaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases. The postsynaptic density may be part of a neuron or a muscle cell or a glial cell." [GOC:BHF, GOC:ef, GOC:jid, GOC:pr, GOC:sjp, http://molneuro.kaist.ac.kr/psd, PMID:14532281, Wikipedia:Postsynaptic_density]
  • synonym:"post synaptic density" EXACT []
  • synonym:"post-synaptic density" EXACT []
  • relationship: part_of GO:0045202 ! synapse