diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 2930e01e..d85fd93e 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
         "php": "^8.1",
         "ext-pdo": "*",
         "ext-mbstring": "*",
+        "ext-tokenizer": "*",
         "aura/sql": "^4.0 || ^5.0",
         "doctrine/annotations": "^1.12 || ^2.0",
         "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "^6.3 || ^7.2",
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@
         "ray/aop": "^2.10.4",
         "ray/aura-sql-module": "^1.12.0",
         "ray/di": "^2.14",
-        "roave/better-reflection": "^4.12 || ^5.6 || ^6.25",
         "symfony/polyfill-php81": "^1.24"
     },
     "require-dev": {
diff --git a/src/ClassesInDirectories.php b/src/ClassesInDirectories.php
index c814c686..6064d273 100644
--- a/src/ClassesInDirectories.php
+++ b/src/ClassesInDirectories.php
@@ -5,51 +5,122 @@
 namespace Ray\MediaQuery;
 
 use Generator;
-use Roave\BetterReflection\BetterReflection;
-use Roave\BetterReflection\Reflector\DefaultReflector;
-use Roave\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\Type\AggregateSourceLocator;
-use Roave\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\Type\AutoloadSourceLocator;
-use Roave\BetterReflection\SourceLocator\Type\DirectoriesSourceLocator;
+use RecursiveDirectoryIterator;
+use RecursiveIteratorIterator;
+use SplFileInfo;
 
 use function assert;
 use function class_exists;
+use function count;
+use function file_get_contents;
 use function interface_exists;
+use function is_array;
+use function is_string;
+use function token_get_all;
+
+use const T_CLASS;
+use const T_INTERFACE;
+use const T_NAME_QUALIFIED;
+use const T_NAMESPACE;
+use const T_STRING;
 
 final class ClassesInDirectories
 {
     /**
-     * get a list of all classes in the given directories.
-     *
-     * Based on: https://github.com/Roave/BetterReflection/blob/396a07c9d276cb9ffba581b24b2dadbb542d542e/demo/parsing-whole-directory/example2.php.
-     *
-     * @param list<string> $directories
+    +     * @param string ...$directories
      *
      * @return Generator<int, class-string>
-     *
-     * This function code is taken from https://github.com/WyriHaximus/php-list-classes-in-directory/blob/master/src/functions.php
-     * and modified for roave/better-reflection 5.x
-     *
-     * @see https://github.com/WyriHaximus/php-list-classes-in-directory
-     * @psalm-suppress MixedReturnTypeCoercion
-     * @phpstan-ignore-next-line/
      */
-    public static function list(string ...$directories): iterable
+    public static function list(string ...$directories): Generator
+    {
+        foreach ($directories as $directory) {
+            $iterator = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(
+                new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($directory),
+            );
+
+            /** @psalm-suppress MixedAssignment */
+            foreach ($iterator as $file) {
+                if (! $file instanceof SplFileInfo || $file->getExtension() !== 'php') {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $className = self::getClassFromFile($file->getRealPath());
+
+                if ($className === null || ! class_exists($className) && ! interface_exists($className)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                yield $className;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static function getClassFromFile(string $filePath): string|null
+    {
+        $content = file_get_contents($filePath);
+        if ($content === false) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $tokens = token_get_all($content);
+        /** @var array<int, mixed> $tokens */
+
+        $namespace = self::extractNamespace($tokens);
+        $class = self::extractClassName($tokens);
+
+        if ($class === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if ($namespace === null) {
+            return $class;
+        }
+
+        return $namespace . '\\' . $class;
+    }
+
+    /** @param array<int, mixed> $tokens*/
+    private static function extractNamespace(array $tokens): string|null
     {
-        /** @var list<string> $directories */
-        $sourceLocator = new AggregateSourceLocator([
-            new DirectoriesSourceLocator(
-                $directories,
-                (new BetterReflection())->astLocator(),
-            ),
-            // ↓ required to autoload parent classes/interface from another directory than /src (e.g. /vendor)
-            new AutoloadSourceLocator((new BetterReflection())->astLocator()),
-        ]);
-
-        foreach ((new DefaultReflector($sourceLocator))->reflectAllClasses() as $class) {
-            $className = $class->getName();
-            assert(class_exists($className) || interface_exists($className));
-
-            yield $className;
+        /** @psalm-suppress MixedAssignment */
+        foreach ($tokens as $index => $token) {
+            if (is_array($token) && $token[0] !== T_NAMESPACE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for ($j = $index + 1, $count = count($tokens); $j < $count; $j++) {
+                if (isset($tokens[$j][0]) && $tokens[$j][0] === T_NAME_QUALIFIED) { // @phpstan-ignore-line
+                    assert(isset($tokens[$j][1])); // @phpstan-ignore-line
+                    $string = $tokens[$j][1];
+                    assert(is_string($string));
+
+                    return $string;
+                }
+            }
         }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /** @param array<int, mixed> $tokens */
+    private static function extractClassName(array $tokens): string|null
+    {
+        /** @psalm-suppress MixedAssignment */
+        foreach ($tokens as $index => $token) {
+            if (isset($token[0]) && $token[0] !== T_CLASS && $token[0] !== T_INTERFACE) { // @phpstan-ignore-line
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for ($j = $index + 1, $count = count($tokens); $j < $count; $j++) {
+                if (is_array($tokens[$j]) && $tokens[$j][0] === T_STRING) {
+                    $string = $tokens[$j][1];
+                    assert(is_string($string));
+
+                    return $string;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
     }
 }