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<!doctype html><html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="STYLESHEET" href="main.css" type="text/css">
<title>An A-Z Index of the Bash command line | SS64.com</title>
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<li class="tbtn"><a href="index.html">( SS64 )</a></li>
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<h1>An A-Z Index of the <span class="grn">Bash</span> command line for Linux.</h1>
<pre> <a href="bash/alias.html">alias</a> Create an alias •
apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
<a href="bash/apt-get.html">apt-get</a> Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
<a href="bash/aptitude.html">aptitude</a> Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)
<a href="bash/aspell.html">aspell</a> Spell Checker
<a href="bash/awk.html">awk</a> Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
b
<a href="bash/basename.html">basename</a> Strip directory and suffix from filenames
bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell
<a href="bash/bc.html">bc</a> Arbitrary precision calculator language
<a href="bash/bg.html">bg</a> Send to background
<a href="bash/bind.html">bind</a> Set or display readline key and function bindings •
<a href="bash/break.html">break</a> Exit from a loop •
<a href="bash/builtin.html">builtin</a> Run a shell builtin
<a href="bash/bzip2.html">bzip2</a> Compress or decompress named file(s)
c
<a href="bash/cal.html">cal</a> Display a calendar
<a href="bash/case.html">case</a> Conditionally perform a command
<a href="bash/cat.html">cat</a> Concatenate and print (display) the content of files
<a href="bash/cd.html">cd</a> Change Directory
<a href="bash/cfdisk.html">cfdisk</a> Partition table manipulator for Linux
<a href="bash/chgrp.html">chgrp</a> Change group ownership
<a href="bash/chmod.html">chmod</a> Change access permissions
<a href="bash/chown.html">chown</a> Change file owner and group
<a href="bash/chroot.html">chroot</a> Run a command with a different root directory
<a href="bash/chkconfig.html">chkconfig</a> System services (runlevel)
<a href="bash/cksum.html">cksum</a> Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
<a href="bash/cmp.html">cmp</a> Compare two files
<a href="bash/comm.html">comm</a> Compare two sorted files line by line
<a href="bash/command.html">command</a> Run a command - ignoring shell functions •
<a href="bash/continue.html">continue</a> Resume the next iteration of a loop •
<a href="bash/cp.html">cp</a> Copy one or more files to another location
<a href="bash/cron.html">cron</a> Daemon to execute scheduled commands
<a href="bash/crontab.html">crontab</a> Schedule a command to run at a later time
<a href="bash/csplit.html">csplit</a> Split a file into context-determined pieces
<a href="bash/curl.html">curl</a> Transfer data from or to a server
<a href="bash/cut.html">cut</a> Divide a file into several parts
d
<a href="bash/date.html">date</a> Display or change the date & time
<a href="bash/dc.html">dc</a> Desk Calculator
<a href="bash/dd.html">dd</a> Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
<a href="bash/ddrescue.html">ddrescue</a> Data recovery tool
<a href="bash/declare.html">declare</a> Declare variables and give them attributes •
<a href="bash/df.html">df</a> Display free disk space
<a href="bash/diff.html">diff</a> Display the differences between two files
<a href="bash/diff3.html">diff3</a> Show differences among three files
<a href="bash/dig.html">dig</a> DNS lookup
<a href="bash/dir.html">dir</a> Briefly list directory contents
<a href="bash/dircolors.html">dircolors</a> Colour setup for `ls'
<a href="bash/dirname.html">dirname</a> Convert a full pathname to just a path
<a href="bash/dirs.html">dirs</a> Display list of remembered directories
<a href="bash/dmesg.html">dmesg</a> Print kernel & driver messages
<a href="bash/du.html">du</a> Estimate file space usage
e
<a href="bash/echo.html">echo</a> Display message on screen •
<a href="bash/egrep.html">egrep</a> Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
<a href="bash/eject.html">eject</a> Eject removable media
<a href="bash/enable.html">enable</a> Enable and disable builtin shell commands •
<a href="bash/env.html">env</a> Environment variables
ethtool Ethernet card settings
<a href="bash/eval.html">eval</a> Evaluate several commands/arguments
<a href="bash/exec.html">exec</a> Execute a command
<a href="bash/exit.html">exit</a> Exit the shell
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expect">expect</a> Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal
<a href="bash/expand.html">expand</a> Convert tabs to spaces
<a href="bash/export.html">export</a> Set an environment variable
<a href="bash/expr.html">expr</a> Evaluate expressions
f
<a href="bash/false.html">false</a> Do nothing, unsuccessfully
<a href="bash/fdformat.html">fdformat</a> Low-level format a floppy disk
<a href="bash/fdisk.html">fdisk</a> Partition table manipulator for Linux
<a href="bash/fg.html">fg</a> Send job to foreground
<a href="bash/fgrep.html">fgrep</a> Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
<a href="bash/file.html">file</a> Determine file type
<a href="bash/find.html">find</a> Search for files that meet a desired criteria
<a href="bash/fmt.html">fmt</a> Reformat paragraph text
<a href="bash/fold.html">fold</a> Wrap text to fit a specified width.
<a href="bash/for.html">for</a> Expand <var>words</var>, and execute <var>commands</var>
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
<a href="bash/fsck.html">fsck</a> File system consistency check and repair
<a href="bash/ftp.html">ftp</a> File Transfer Protocol
<a href="bash/function.html">function</a> Define Function Macros
<a href="bash/fuser.html">fuser</a> Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file
g
<a href="bash/awk.html">gawk</a> Find and Replace text within file(s)
<a href="bash/getopts.html">getopts</a> Parse positional parameters
<a href="bash/grep.html">grep</a> Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
<a href="bash/groupadd.html">groupadd</a> Add a user security group
<a href="bash/groupdel.html">groupdel</a> Delete a group
<a href="bash/groupmod.html">groupmod</a> Modify a group
<a href="bash/groups.html">groups</a> Print group names a user is in
<a href="bash/gzip.html">gzip</a> Compress or decompress named file(s)
h
<a href="bash/hash.html">hash</a> Remember the full pathname of a name argument
<a href="bash/head.html">head</a> Output the first part of file(s)
help Display help for a built-in command •
<a href="bash/history.html">history</a> Command History
<a href="bash/hostname.html">hostname</a> Print or set system name
<a href="bash/htop.html">htop</a> Interactive process viewer
i
<a href="bash/iconv.html">iconv</a> Convert the character set of a file
<a href="bash/id.html">id</a> Print user and group id's
<a href="bash/if.html">if</a> Conditionally perform a command
<a href="bash/ifconfig.html">ifconfig</a> Configure a network interface
<a href="bash/ifup.html">ifdown</a> Stop a network interface
<a href="bash/ifup.html">ifup</a> Start a network interface up
<a href="bash/import.html">import</a> Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
<a href="bash/install.html">install</a> Copy files and set attributes
<a href="bash/iostat.html">iostat</a> Report CPU and i/o statistics
<a href="bash/ip.html">ip</a> Routing, devices and tunnels
j
<a href="bash/jobs.html">jobs</a> List active jobs •
<a href="bash/join.html">join</a> Join lines on a common field
k
<a href="bash/kill.html">kill</a> Kill a process by specifying its PID
<a href="bash/killall.html">killall</a> Kill processes by name
l
<a href="bash/less.html">less</a> Display output one screen at a time
<a href="bash/let.html">let</a> Perform arithmetic on shell variables •
<a href="bash/link.html">link</a> Create a link to a file
<a href="bash/ln.html">ln</a> Create a symbolic link to a file
<a href="bash/local.html">local</a> Create a function variable •
<a href="bash/locate.html">locate</a> Find files
<a href="bash/logname.html">logname</a> Print current login name
<a href="bash/logout.html">logout</a> Exit a login shell •
<a href="bash/look.html">look</a> Display lines beginning with a given string
<a href="bash/lpc.html">lpc</a> Line printer control program
<a href="bash/lpr.html">lpr</a> Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
<a href="bash/lprm.html">lprm</a> Remove jobs from the print queue
<a href="bash/lsblk.html">lsblk</a> List block devices
<a href="bash/ls.html">ls</a> List information about file(s)
<a href="bash/lsof.html">lsof</a> List open files
m
make Recompile a group of programs
<a href="bash/man.html">man</a> Help manual
<a href="bash/mkdir.html">mkdir</a> Create new folder(s)
<a href="bash/mkfifo.html">mkfifo</a> Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
<a href="bash/mknod.html">mknod</a> Make block or character special files
<a href="bash/more.html">more</a> Display output one screen at a time
<a href="bash/most.html">most</a> Browse or page through a text file
<a href="bash/mount.html">mount</a> Mount a file system
<a href="bash/mtools.html">mtools</a> Manipulate MS-DOS files
<a href="bash/mtr.html">mtr</a> Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)
<a href="bash/mv.html">mv</a> Move or rename files or directories
<a href="bash/mmv.html">mmv</a> Mass Move and rename (files)
n
<a href="bash/nc.html">nc</a> Netcat, read and write data across networks
netstat Networking information
<a href="bash/nice.html">nice</a> Set the priority of a command or job
<a href="bash/nl.html">nl</a> Number lines and write files
<a href="bash/nohup.html">nohup</a> Run a command immune to hangups
<a href="bash/notify-send.html">notify-send</a> Send desktop notifications
<a href="bash/nslookup.html">nslookup</a> Query Internet name servers interactively
o
<a href="bash/open.html">open</a> Open a file in its default application
<a href="bash/op.html">op</a> Operator access
p
<a href="bash/passwd.html">passwd</a> Modify a user password
<a href="bash/paste.html">paste</a> Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
<a href="bash/ping.html">ping</a> Test a network connection
<a href="bash/pkill.html">pgrep</a> List processes by name
<a href="bash/pkill.html">pkill</a> Kill processes by name
<a href="bash/popd.html">popd</a> Restore the previous value of the current directory
<a href="bash/pr.html">pr</a> Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
<a href="bash/printf.html">printf</a> Format and print data •
<a href="bash/ps.html">ps</a> Process status
<a href="bash/pushd.html">pushd</a> Save and then change the current directory
<a href="bash/pv.html">pv</a> Monitor the progress of data through a pipe
<a href="bash/pwd.html">pwd</a> Print Working Directory
q
<a href="bash/quota.html">quota</a> Display disk usage and limits
<a href="bash/quotacheck.html">quotacheck</a> Scan a file system for disk usage
r
<a href="bash/ram.html">ram</a> ram disk device
<a href="bash/rar.html">rar</a> Archive files with compression
<a href="bash/rcp.html">rcp</a> Copy files between two machines
<a href="bash/read.html">read</a> Read a line from standard input •
readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •
<a href="bash/readonly.html">readonly</a> Mark variables/functions as readonly
reboot Reboot the system
<a href="bash/rename.html">rename</a> Rename files
renice Alter priority of running processes
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
<a href="bash/return.html">return</a> Exit a shell function
<a href="bash/rev.html">rev</a> Reverse lines of a file
<a href="bash/rm.html">rm</a> Remove files
<a href="bash/rmdir.html">rmdir</a> Remove folder(s)
<a href="bash/rsync.html">rsync</a> Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
s
<a href="bash/screen.html">screen</a> Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
<a href="bash/scp.html">scp</a> Secure copy (remote file copy)
<a href="bash/sdiff.html">sdiff</a> Merge two files interactively
<a href="bash/sed.html">sed</a> Stream Editor
<a href="bash/select.html">select</a> Accept keyboard input
<a href="bash/seq.html">seq</a> Print numeric sequences
<a href="bash/set.html">set</a> Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp Secure File Transfer Program
<a href="bash/shift.html">shift</a> Shift positional parameters
<a href="bash/shopt.html">shopt</a> Shell Options
<a href="bash/shutdown.html">shutdown</a> Shutdown or restart linux
<a href="bash/sleep.html">sleep</a> Delay for a specified time
<a href="bash/slocate.html">slocate</a> Find files
<a href="bash/sort.html">sort</a> Sort text files
<a href="bash/source.html">source</a> Run commands from a file '.'
<a href="bash/split.html">split</a> Split a file into fixed-size pieces
<a href="bash/ss.html">ss</a> Socket Statistics
<a href="bash/ssh.html">ssh</a> Secure Shell client (remote login program)
<a href="bash/stat.html">stat</a> Display file or file system status
<a href="bash/strace.html">strace</a> Trace system calls and signals
<a href="bash/su.html">su</a> Substitute user identity
<a href="bash/sudo.html">sudo</a> Execute a command as another user
<a href="bash/sum.html">sum</a> Print a checksum for a file
<a href="bash/suspend.html">suspend</a> Suspend execution of this shell •
<a href="bash/sync.html">sync</a> Synchronize data on disk with memory
t
<a href="bash/tail.html">tail</a> Output the last part of file
<a href="bash/tar.html">tar</a> Store, list or extract files in an archive
<a href="bash/tee.html">tee</a> Redirect output to multiple files
<a href="bash/test.html">test</a> Evaluate a conditional expression
<a href="bash/time.html">time</a> Measure Program running time
<a href="bash/timeout.html">timeout</a> Run a command with a time limit
<a href="bash/times.html">times</a> User and system times
<a href="bash/touch.html">touch</a> Change file timestamps
<a href="bash/top.html">top</a> List processes running on the system
<a href="bash/tput.html">tput</a> Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position
<a href="bash/traceroute.html">traceroute</a> Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
<a href="bash/tr.html">tr</a> Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
<a href="bash/true.html">true</a> Do nothing, successfully
<a href="bash/tsort.html">tsort</a> Topological sort
<a href="bash/tty.html">tty</a> Print filename of terminal on stdin
<a href="bash/type.html">type</a> Describe a command •
u
<a href="bash/ulimit.html">ulimit</a> Limit user resources •
<a href="bash/umask.html">umask</a> Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
<a href="bash/alias.html">unalias</a> Remove an alias •
<a href="bash/uname.html">uname</a> Print system information
<a href="bash/unexpand.html">unexpand</a> Convert spaces to tabs
<a href="bash/uniq.html">uniq</a> Uniquify files
<a href="bash/units.html">units</a> Convert units from one scale to another
<a href="bash/unrar.html">unrar</a> Extract files from a rar archive
<a href="bash/unset.html">unset</a> Remove variable or function names
<a href="bash/unshar.html">unshar</a> Unpack shell archive scripts
<a href="bash/until.html">until</a> Execute commands (until error)
uptime Show uptime
<a href="bash/useradd.html">useradd</a> Create new user account
<a href="bash/userdel.html">userdel</a> Delete a user account
<a href="bash/usermod.html">usermod</a> Modify user account
<a href="bash/users.html">users</a> List users currently logged in
<a href="bash/uuencode.html">uuencode</a> Encode a binary file
<a href="bash/uuencode.html">uudecode</a> Decode a file created by uuencode
v
v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
<a href="vi.html">vi</a> Text Editor
<a href="bash/vmstat.html">vmstat</a> Report virtual memory statistics
w
<a href="bash/wait.html">wait</a> Wait for a process to complete •
<a href="bash/watch.html">watch</a> Execute/display a program periodically
<a href="bash/wc.html">wc</a> Print byte, word, and line counts
<a href="bash/whereis.html">whereis</a> Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program
<a href="bash/which.html">which</a> Search the user's $path for a program file
<a href="bash/while.html">while</a> Execute commands
<a href="bash/who.html">who</a> Print all usernames currently logged in
<a href="bash/whoami.html">whoami</a> Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
<a href="bash/write.html">write</a> Send a message to another user
x
<a href="bash/xargs.html">xargs</a> Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
<a href="bash/xdg-open.html">xdg-open</a> Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.
<a href="bash/xz.html">xz</a> Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
<a href="bash/yes.html">yes</a> Print a string until interrupted
<a href="bash/zip.html">zip</a> Package and compress (archive) files.
<a href="bash/source.html">.</a> Run a command script in the current shell
<a href="bash/bang.html">!!</a> Run the last command again
<a href="bash/rem.html">###</a> Comment / Remark
</pre>
<p> Commands marked • are bash <i>built-ins</i><br>
Many commands particularly the Core Utils
are also available under alternate <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/ports/shells.html">shells</a> (C shell, Korn shell etc). </p>
<p>More bash commands: <a href="http://oreilly.com/linux/command-directory/">Linux Command Directory</a> from O'Reilly, GNU <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html">CoreUtils</a>.<br>
<a href="https://ss64.org/viewforum.php?id=10">SS64 bash discussion forum</a><br>
<a href="links/bash.html">Links to other Sites, books etc</a></p></body>
</html>