diff --git a/lib/commands/publish.js b/lib/commands/publish.js
index c59588fefb241..f6006f24aed55 100644
--- a/lib/commands/publish.js
+++ b/lib/commands/publish.js
@@ -157,12 +157,17 @@ class Publish extends BaseCommand {
       }
     }
 
-    const latestVersion = await this.#latestPublishedVersion(resolved, registry)
+    const newVersion = manifest.version
+    const { latest: latestVersion, versions } = await this.#registryVersions(resolved, registry)
     const latestSemverIsGreater = !!latestVersion && semver.gte(latestVersion, manifest.version)
 
+    if (versions.includes(newVersion)) {
+      throw new Error(`You cannot publish over the previously published versions: ${newVersion}.`)
+    }
+
     if (latestSemverIsGreater && isDefaultTag) {
       /* eslint-disable-next-line max-len */
-      throw new Error(`Cannot implicitly apply the "latest" tag because published version ${latestVersion} is higher than the new version ${manifest.version}. You must specify a tag using --tag.`)
+      throw new Error(`Cannot implicitly apply the "latest" tag because published version ${latestVersion} is higher than the new version ${newVersion}. You must specify a tag using --tag.`)
     }
 
     const access = opts.access === null ? 'default' : opts.access
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ class Publish extends BaseCommand {
     }
   }
 
-  async #latestPublishedVersion (spec, registry) {
+  async #registryVersions (spec, registry) {
     try {
       const packument = await pacote.packument(spec, {
         ...this.npm.flatOptions,
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ class Publish extends BaseCommand {
         registry,
       })
       if (typeof packument?.versions === 'undefined') {
-        return null
+        return { versions: [], latest: null }
       }
       const ordered = Object.keys(packument?.versions)
         .flatMap(v => {
@@ -220,9 +225,11 @@ class Publish extends BaseCommand {
           return s.prerelease.length > 0 ? [] : s
         })
         .sort((a, b) => b.compare(a))
-      return ordered.length >= 1 ? ordered[0].version : null
+      const latest = ordered.length >= 1 ? ordered[0].version : null
+      const versions = ordered.map(v => v.version)
+      return { versions, latest }
     } catch (e) {
-      return null
+      return { versions: [], latest: null }
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/test/lib/commands/publish.js b/test/lib/commands/publish.js
index 10dc9b33deda4..03588c47c73b1 100644
--- a/test/lib/commands/publish.js
+++ b/test/lib/commands/publish.js
@@ -889,6 +889,24 @@ t.test('latest dist tag', (t) => {
     }, new Error('Cannot implicitly apply the "latest" tag because published version 100.0.0 is higher than the new version 99.0.0. You must specify a tag using --tag.'))
   })
 
+  t.test('PREVENTS publish when latest version is SAME AS publishing version', async t => {
+    const version = '100.0.0'
+    const { npm, registry } = await loadNpmWithRegistry(t, init(version))
+    registry.publish(pkg, { noPut: true, packuments })
+    await t.rejects(async () => {
+      await npm.exec('publish', [])
+    }, new Error('You cannot publish over the previously published versions: 100.0.0.'))
+  })
+
+  t.test('PREVENTS publish when publishing version EXISTS ALREADY in the registry', async t => {
+    const version = '50.0.0'
+    const { npm, registry } = await loadNpmWithRegistry(t, init(version))
+    registry.publish(pkg, { noPut: true, packuments })
+    await t.rejects(async () => {
+      await npm.exec('publish', [])
+    }, new Error('You cannot publish over the previously published versions: 50.0.0.'))
+  })
+
   t.test('ALLOWS publish when latest is HIGHER than publishing version and flag', async t => {
     const version = '99.0.0'
     const { npm, registry } = await loadNpmWithRegistry(t, {