main.ts

// Typescript 1 to 45 Qs  --- Mehfooz Ali
// Learning typescript
//Q 1: install Node.js, Tyoescript and VS Code on your Computer/Laptop.
//Ans 1: DONE

//Q 2: Personal Message: Store a person’s name in a variable and print a message to them, 
//            like “Hello Erik, would you like to learn some TypeScript today?”

//Ans 2:
const personeName : string = "Mehfooz Ali"
console.log(`Hello ${personeName}, would you like to learn some TypeScript today?`)


//Q 3: Name Cases: Store a person’s name in a variable, and then print that person’s name 
//  in lowercase, uppercase, and titlecase.

//Ans 3:
const myname : string = "mehFooz aLI"
console.log(myname.toLowerCase())          //for small letters
console.log(myname.toUpperCase())          //for big/capital letters

console.log(myName.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + myName.slice(1).toLowerCase()) 
console.log(myName.charAt(0).toUpperCase())
console.log(myName.slice(1).toLowerCase())   

//Q 4: Famous Quote: Find a quote from a famous person you admire. Print the quote and the 
//name of its author. Your output should look something like the following, including the quotation 
//marks:"Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.”"

//Ans 4:
const author : string = "Albert Einstein"
console.log(author, 'once said, "A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new."')

//another way
console.log(`${author} once said, "A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new."`)


//Q 5: Famous Quote 2: Repeat Exercise 1, but this time store the famous person’s name in a 
//variable called famous_person. Then compose your message and store it in a new variable called 
//message. Print your message.

//Ans 5:
const famous_person:string = "Albert Einstein"
let message:string = `${famous_person} once said, "A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new."`
console.log(message)


//Q 6: Stripping Names: Store a person’s name, and include some whitespace characters at the 
//beginning and end of the name. Use "\t" (tab) and "\n" (new line) at least once. Print the name once,
//so the whitespace around the name is displayed. Then print the name after stripping the white spaces.

//Ans 6:
let myName1 : string = "\t\n Mehfooz \t\n"
console.log(myName1)            //name with tab and newline spaces
console.log(myName1.trim())       //name without spaces


//Q 7: Number Eight: Write addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations that 
//each result in the number 8. Enclose your operations in print statements.

//Ans 7:
console.log(6 + 2)         //Adiition
console.log(11 - 3)        //Subtraction
console.log(4 * 2)         //Multiplication
console.log(40 / 5)        //Division

//Q 8: You should create four lines that look like this: console.log(5 + 3)
//Your output should simply be four lines with the number 8 appearing once on each line.

//Ans 8:
console.log(4 + 4)         //Adiition
console.log(12 - 4)        //Subtraction
console.log(2 * 4)         //Multiplication
console.log(32 / 4)        //Division  

//Q 9:  Favorite Number: Store your favorite number in a variable. Then, create a message
// revealing your favorite number. Print that message.

//Ans 9:
const fav_number : number = 24
console.log("My Favorite Number is : ", fav_number) 

//Q 10: Adding Comments: Choose two of the programs you’ve written, and add at least one 
//comment to each. If the programs are straightforward at this point, just add your name and the 
//current date at the top of each program file. Then, write one sentence describing what the program does.

//Ans 10:
//Mehfooz Ali -- Date: 15 April 2024
console.log(6 + 2)         //Adiition
console.log(11 - 3)        //Subtraction
console.log(4 * 2)         //Multiplication
console.log(40 / 5)        //Division

//This is the code for printing your Favorite Number with string
const favr_number : number = 24
console.log("My Favorite Number is : ", favr_number)    

//Q 11:  Names: Store the names of a few of your friends in an array called names. Print each 
//              person’s name by accessing each element in the list, one at a time.

//Ans 11:
let names:string[] = ["Alaudin", "Wajid", "Ayan"]
console.log(names[0], names[1], names[2])

// In loop
for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++)  {
    console.log(names[i])
}

//Q 12: Greetings: Use the array from Exercise 11. Instead of just printing each person’s name, 
//print a message to them. The message should be the same for each person, but personalized with their 
//name.

//Ans 12:
for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
    console.log(`What are you doing '${names[i]}' lets learn TypeScript course for better future ! `)
} 

//Q 13: Your Own Array: Think of your favorite mode of transportation, such as a motorcycle or a 
//car, and make a list that stores several examples. Use your list to print a series of statements about 
//these items, such as “I would like to own a Honda motorcycle.”

//Ans 13:
let fav_transport : string[] = ["Elantra", "Honda Car", "Ride 250", "Civic"]
for (let i=0; i < fav_transport.length; i++) {
    console.log(`I would like to own a ${fav_transport[i]}`)
}


//Q 14: Guest List: If you could invite anyone, living or deceased, to dinner, who would you 
//invite? Make a list that includes at least three people you’d like to invite to dinner. Then use your 
//list to print a message to each person, inviting them to dinner.

//Ans 14:
let guest : string[] = ["Alaudin", "Wajid", "Ayan", "Rauf"]
guest.forEach(guest => {
    console.log(`Hey ${guest}, I would like to invite you in my birthday party.`)
})

//Q 15: Changing Guest List: One of your guests can't make it to the dinner, so you need to 
//send out a new set of invitations with a replacement guest.

//Ans 15:
let unable : string = "Wajid"
console.log(`${unable} is unable to attend Dinner Party.`)

//replacing the guest
let newguest : string = "Hammad"
guest[guest.indexOf(unable)] = newguest

guest.forEach(guest => {
    console.log(`Hello ${guest}, i would like to invite you in my Dinner Party.`)
})        

//Q 16: More Guests: You've found a bigger dinner table, so there's room for more guests.

//Ans 16:
let guests : string[] = ["Sumair", "faraz", "Sadiq", "Khalid"]
console.log("I have found a bigger table")

guests.unshift("Mudassir")    //add from top

guests.splice(guests.length / 2, 0, "Hamza")    //add in the middle total/2
//            total element / 2 ,0 element is removed,
//             4/2 = 2, on index 2 "Hamza" will be add

guests.splice(guests.length / 4, 0, "Ghafoor")  
//             6/4 = 1.5 = 1, on index 1 "Ghafoor" will be add 

guests.push("Ikram")          //add from bottom

guests.forEach(guests => {
    console.log(`Dear ${guests}, would like to invite you in my Dinner Party`)
})  

//Q 17: Shrinking Guest List: Unfortunately, your new table won’t arrive in time, and you can 
// only invite two guests.

//Ans 17:
console.log("Unfortunatly i only invite two people for Dineer party.")
//while loops continous until guests lenght is > 2 and pop one element and print the msg, till length =2
while (guests.length > 2) {                        
    let removedGuest = guests.pop() 
    console.log(`Sorry ${removedGuest}, i can't invite you`)
}

//here in guests array only 2 elements/persons is left so they are still invited
guests.forEach(guests => {
    console.log(`Dear ${guests}, you're still invited`)
})
//for remove the all elements from the array
guests.splice(0, guests.length)
// splice(start, deletCount)   from guests 0 to guests whole length
console.log(guests)      

//Q 18: Seeing the World: Think of at least five places you’d like to visit.

//Ans 18:
let places : string[] = ["Belgium", "Germany", "Australia", "Luxemburg", "Turkey"]

places.forEach(places => {
    console.log(`Love to visit ${places}`)
})

//IN DIFFERENT ORDERS
console.log("Original order:",places)
console.log("Alphabetical order:",[...places].sort())    //Ascending order

console.log("Original order:",places)
console.log("Reverse alphabetical order:",[...places].sort().reverse())   //Decending order

console.log("Original order:", places)

places.reverse()                  //it just reverse the places array
console.log("Reverse of Original:",places)

places.reverse()                 //it reverse the last reverse which make the original array
console.log("Reverse of reverse of Original:",places)   //2 times reverse make original array

places.sort()                   //Array in Ascending order
console.log("Alphabetical order:",places)

places.reverse()               //reverse the current array, so here it just reverse the ascending order
console.log("Reverse of alphabetical order",places)   //show descending but its just reverse the ascending 

//ALPHABETICAL ORDER IN VARIABLE 
let alphabeticalOrder = places.sort()
console.log(`I want to visit ${alphabeticalOrder}`)

//REVERSE ALPHABETICAL ORDER OR DECENDING ORDER IN VARIABLE
let reverseAlphabetical = places.reverse()
console.log(`I want to see ${reverseAlphabetical}`)         

//Q 19: Dinner Guests: Use one of your programs from Exercises 14 through 18 to print a message 
//             indicating the number of people you are inviting to dinner.

//Ans 19:
let guest1 : string[] = ["Atif", "Saif", "Mehmood", "Ali"]
console.log(`I am invitig ${guest1.length} people in the Dinner party.`)

//Q 20: Think of something you could store in an array. For example, you could make a list of 
//mountains, rivers, countries, cities, languages, or anything else you’d like. Write a program that 
//creates a list containing these items.

//Ans 20:
let cities:string[] = ["Karachi", "Islamabad", "Peshawar", "Rahim Yar Khan", "Ghotki"]
//My try
//console.log(`Famous cities of Pakistan are ${cities}`)
//Actual way
console.log("Famous cities of pakistan are ",cities)

//Q 21: Think of something you could store in a TypeScript Object. Write a program that creates 
//Objects containing these items.

//Ans 21:
let book:{title:string; author:string; yearpublished:number} =
    {
        title : "THE HOBBIT",
        author : "J.R.R. Tolkien",
        yearpublished : 1937
    };
console.log(`Book Info: ${book.title} by ${book.author}, publishes in ${book.yearpublished}`);

//another example of typescript object
let myself : {namee:string; city:string; age:number} =
{
    namee : "Mehfooz Ali",
    city : "Karachi",
    age : 23.5
}
console.log(`My name is ${myself.namee}, i am from ${myself.city} and i am ${myself.age} years old.`)

//Q 22: Intentional Error: Try to produce an array index error in one of your programs. Correct
// the error before finishing.

//Ans 22:
let animals:string[] = ["Cat", "Dog", "Cow", "Lion", "Goat", "Horse"]
// Array index            0  ,   1  ,   2  ,    3  ,   4   ,    5 
//calling index 6 which not present in array but just for intentional error
console.log(animals[6])     // output is undefined

//now calling that index which is present in array and resolving the above error
console.log(animals[2])     // output is Cow

//Q 23: Conditional Tests: Write a series of conditional tests. Predict the results of each test.

//Ans 23:
let car : string = "Vigo";
console.log("Is Car == 'Vigo'? predict True.");
console.log(car == 'Vigo');   //output is True
//if i write the "V" of 'Vigo' in small letter "v" then the output is False

console.log("Is Car == 'Honda'? predict False.");
console.log(car == 'Honda');  // output is false

//Another example
let birthMonth:string = "July"
console.log("Is Bith Month == 'July'? predict True.");
console.log(birthMonth == 'July')    //output is True
//if i write the "J" of 'July' in small letter "j" then the output is False
console.log(birthMonth == 'july')   // output is false

console.log("Is Birth Month == 'March'? predict False.")
console.log(birthMonth == 'March')   //output is false

//Q 24: More Conditional Tests: Expand your conditional tests to cover a wider range of comparisons.

//Ans 24:
//TESTING EQUALITY WITH STRINGS
console.log("Testing Equality With Strings")
console.log("cat" == "cat");    //True
//console.log("cat" == "Cat");    //False

//Using the lower case function
console.log("Testing With Lower Case")
console.log("LioN".toLowerCase() == "lion");   //True

//Using Upper Case at both sides
console.log("lion".toUpperCase() == "lion".toUpperCase());   //True

//NUMERICAL TEST
console.log("Numerical Test");
console.log(10 > 5)     //True
console.log(10 > 20)    //False
console.log(7 < 21)     //True
console.log(9 < 4)      //False

//Testing using "and" and "or" operators
console.log("Test with 'and' and 'or' operators");
//The "&&" "and" operator return "true" when both operands are true, otherwise false
console.log(true && false);    //False

//The "||" "or" operator return "true" when at least one of the operands is true, otherwise false
console.log(true || false);       //True

//Test whether an item is in a array
let fruitss:string[] = ["Apple", "Mango", "Banana", "Cherry"];
console.log("Total Fruits:", fruitss);

console.log("Is 'Mango' in fruitss?");
console.log(fruitss.indexOf("Mango") !== -1);      //true

//Test whether an item is not in a array
console.log("Total Fruits:",fruitss);

console.log("Is 'Orange' in fruitss?");
console.log(fruitss.indexOf("Orange") !== -1);     //false

//Q 25: Alien Colors #1: Imagine an alien was just shot down in a game. Assign 'green', 'yellow', 
//  or 'red' to a variable called alien_color.

//Ans 25:

let alien_color:string = "green";
if (alien_color == "green") {
    console.log("You Earned 5 points");
}
if (alien_color == "red") {
    console.log("you miss 5 points");      //no output bcz the condition is false
}

//Q 26: Alien Colors #2: Choose a color for an alien, then write an if-else chain.

//Ans 26:
let alien : string = "yellow"
if (alien == "yellow") {
    console.log("This alien is in Yellow color");
}
else {
    console.log("your yellow alien is missing");
}
//here the else block will run
let alien1 : string = "red"
if (alien1 == "green") {
    console.log("This alien is in green color");
}
else {
    console.log("This alien is in another color")
}

//Q 27: Alien Colors #3: Convert your if-else chain to handle three colors: green, yellow, red.

//Ans 27:
//red alien version
let alien_color1 : string = "red"
if (alien_color1 == "green") {
    console.log("you win 5 points")
}
else if (alien_color1 == "red") {
    console.log("you miss 5 points")
}
else {
    console.log("you win 10 points")
}
//green alien version
let alien_color2 : string = "green"
if (alien_color2 == "green") {
    console.log("you win 5 points")
}
else if (alien_color2 == "red") {
    console.log("you miss 5 points")
}
else {
    console.log("you win 10 points")
}
//yellow alien version
let alien_color3 : string = "yellow"
if (alien_color3 == "green") {
    console.log("you win 5 points")
}
else if (alien_color3 == "red") {
    console.log("you miss 5 points")
}
else {
    console.log("you win 10 points")
}


//Q 28: Stages of Life: Determine a person’s life stage with an if-else chain.

//Ans 28:
let personAge:number = 15
if (personAge < 18) {
    console.log("You are not elegible for CNIC")       // output 
}
else if (personAge == 18) {
    console.log("You are eligible for CNIC")
}
else if (personAge == 19) {
    console.log("you are eligible but you waste 1 year")
}
else if (personAge == 20) {
    console.log("you are eligible but you waste 2 years")
}
else if (personAge == 21) {
    console.log("you are eligible but you waste 3 years")
}
else {
    console.log("you are late")               
}
//Another Example
let person2Age : number = 23
if (person2Age < 2) {
    console.log("The person is baby")
}
else if (person2Age < 4) {
    console.log("The person is toddler")
}
else if (person2Age < 13) {
    console.log("The person is kid")
}
else if (person2Age < 20) {
    console.log("The person is teenager")
}
else if (person2Age < 65) {
    console.log("The person is adult")   //output
}
else {
    console.log("The person is elder")
}

//Q 29: Favorite Fruit: Create an array for your favorite fruits and check if certain fruits are
// included.

//Ans 29:
let myFavFruits:string[] = ["Pineapple",  "Water Melon", "Lychee", "Pomegranate"]
if (myFavFruits.indexOf("Pineapple") !== -1) {
    console.log("Pineapple is my fav fruit")
}
if (myFavFruits.indexOf("Lychee") !== -1) {
    console.log("Lychee is my fav fruit")
}
if (myFavFruits.indexOf("Water Melon") !== -1) {
    console.log("Water Melon is my fav fruit")
}
if (myFavFruits.indexOf("Pomegranate") !== -1) {
    console.log("Pomegranate is my fav fruit")
}
if (myFavFruits.indexOf("Orange") !== -1) {
    console.log("Orange is not my fav fruit")
}
if (myFavFruits.indexOf("Grapes") !== -1) {
    console.log("Grapes are not my fav fruit")
}

//Q 30: Hello Admin: Greet users differently, especially 'admin'.

//Ans 30:
let userNamess : string[] = ["User1", "User2", "User3", "Admin", "User4"]
userNamess.forEach(userNamess => {
    if (userNamess == "Admin") {
        console.log("Welcome Dear Admin, would you like to see the status report?")
    }
    else {
        console.log(`Hello ${userNamess}, thnaks for logging in again`)
    }
})

//Q 31: No Users: Ensure your user list isn’t empty.

//Ans 31:
let namesOfUsers : string[] = []
if (namesOfUsers.length == 0) {
    console.log("We need to find some users")     //output
}
else {
    console.log(`Welcome ${namesOfUsers}`)
}

//Q 32: Checking Usernames: Ensure uniqueness in usernames.

//Ans 32:
let currentUsers : string[] = ["user1", "admin", "user2", "user3", "user4"];
let newUsers : string[] = ["user5", "user6", "admin", "user7", "user8"];
newUsers.forEach(newUsers => {
    if (currentUsers.some(currentUsers => currentUsers.toLowerCase() == newUsers.toLowerCase())) {
        console.log(`${newUsers} will need to enter a new username`);
    }
    else {
        console.log(`${newUsers} is available.`);
    }
});

//Another Example
console.log("\n Another Example");
let secA : string[] = ["mehfooz", "wajid", "abid", "atif", "khalid"];
let secB : string[] = ["sajid", "khalid", "jamil", "wajid", "nabil"];
secB.forEach(secB => {
    if (secA.some(secA => secA.toLowerCase() === secB.toLowerCase())) {
        console.log(`${secB} will need to enter a new username`);
    }
    else {
        console.log(`${secB} is available`);
    }
});

//Q 33: Ordinal Numbers: Display numbers with their ordinal suffixes.

//Ans 33:
let numberss : number[] = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
numberss.forEach(numberss => {
    let suffix:string = "th";
    if (numberss === 1) {
        suffix = "st";
    }
    else if (numberss === 2) {
        suffix = "nd";
    }
    else if (numberss === 3) {
        suffix = "rd";
    }
    console.log(`${numberss}${suffix}`);
});

//Q 34: Pizzas: Share your favorite pizzas and express your love for them.

//Ans 34:
let pizzas : string[] = ["Roman", "Sicilian", "Hawaiian", "Mexico"];
pizzas.forEach(pizzas => {
    console.log(`I really Like ${pizzas} pizza`);
});

//Q 35: Animals: Highlight animals with a common trait.

//Ans 35:
let animalCommon : string[] = ["Cat", "Dog", "Rabbit"];
animalCommon.forEach(animalCommon => {
    console.log(`${animalCommon} is a good pet`)
});

 //Another Example
 console.log("\n Another Example")
let animalCommon1 : string[] = ["Cow", "Goat", "Buffalo", "Camel"];
animalCommon1.forEach(animalCommon1 => {
    console.log(`The meat of ${animalCommon1} is Halal`)
});

//Q 36: T-Shirt: Create a function for customizing t-shirts.

//Ans 36:
function makeShirt(size:string, messagee:string) {
    console.log(`Making a ${size} T-Shirt with the message "${messagee}" printed on it.`);
}
makeShirt("medium", "Learning never ends !");

//Another Example
function bag(color:String, size:string, message:string) {
    console.log(`your ${size} bag with ${color} color and "${message}" printed on it, is ready.`);
}
bag("Green", "Large", "Learning never ends !");

//Q 37: Large Shirts: Default values in make_shirt().

//Ans 37:
function make_shirt(size:string = "Large", message:string = "Typescript") {
    console.log(`Making a ${size} t-shirt with the message "${message}" printed on it.`);
}
make_shirt();          //Default Large and message
make_shirt("medium")   //Medium size and default message
make_shirt("Small", "I Love coding")  //small size,  custom message

//Another Example
function bag1(color:string="Blue", size : string = "Large", msg : string = "My New Bag") {
    console.log(`your ${size} bag with ${color} color and "${msg}" printed on it, is ready.`);
}
bag1();             //Default color, size and msg
bag1("Black");      //color = Black, default size and msg
bag1("White", "Medium");  //color = White, size = medium and default msg
bag1("Green", "small", "My green bag");  //custom color, size and msg 

//Q 38: Cities: Describing cities with a function.

//Ans 38:
function describeCities(city : string, country : string) {
    console.log(`${city} is in ${country}.`);
}
//describeCities("Karachi")    t give error bcz we have another argument "Country" which is not provided.
describeCities("Karachi", "Pakistan");
describeCities("Lahore","Pakistan");
describeCities("Istanbul", "Turkey");
describeCities("Ankara", "Turkey");
describeCities("Mumbai", "India");
console.log("\n")

//Q 39: City Names: Formatting city-country pairs.

//Ans 39:
function city_country(city:string, country:string) {
    console.log(`${city}, ${country}`);
}
city_country("Karachi", "Pakistan");
city_country("Lahore", "Pakistan");
city_country("Jeddah", "Saudi Arabia");

//Another way
function city_country1(city:string, country:string) : string {
    return `${city}, ${country}`;
}
console.log(city_country1("Karachi", "Pakistan"));
console.log(city_country1("Istanbul", "Turkey"));
console.log(city_country1("Mumbai", "India"));
console.log(city_country1("Paris", "France"));

//Q 40: Album: Create objects for music albums.

//Ans 40:
function music_album(artist:string, title:string, track:number) {
    let album = {artist, title};
    if (track) {
        album['tracks'] = track;
    }
    return album;
}
console.log(music_album("Artist 1", "The 1st Album", 5));
console.log(music_album("Artist 2", "The 2nd Album", 6));
console.log(music_album("Artist 3", "The 3rd Album", 7));

//Q 41: Magicians: Display magician names from an array.

//Ans 41:
let magicians:string[] = ["Akbar", "Sumair", "Hira"];

function show_magicians(magicians:string[]) {
    magicians.forEach(magicians => {
        console.log(magicians);
    })
}
show_magicians(magicians);

//Q 42: Great Magicians: Add "the Great" to magician names.

//Ans 42:
//using the Ans 41 magicians array
function make_great(magicians : string[]) {
    magicians.forEach(magicians => {
        console.log(`${magicians} the great`);
    })
}
make_great(magicians);

//Another way
function great_magi(magicians : string[]) {
    for (let i = 0; i < magicians.length; i++) {
        magicians[i] = magicians[i] + " the great";
    }
}
great_magi(magicians); //modifies the original array
show_magicians(magicians);

//Q 43: Unchanged Magicians: Preserve the original magician names while creating a new "great" 
//list.

//Ans 43:
let magicians1:string[] = ["Akbar", "Sumair", "Hira"];

function theGreat(magicians1 : string[]) {
    let great_magicians1: string[] = [];
    magicians1.forEach(element => {
        great_magicians1.push(`${element}, the great`);
    });
    return great_magicians1
}

let great_magicians1 = theGreat(magicians1.slice()); //creates a new mmodified array
console.log("Original magicians:");
show_magicians(magicians); //shows original names
console.log("Great Magicians:");
show_magicians(great_magicians1); //shows modified names

//Q 44: Sandwiches: Summarize sandwich orders with varying ingredients.

//Ans 44:
function make_sandwich(...items : string[]) {
    console.log(`Making a sandwich with: ${items.join(',')}.`);
}
make_sandwich("ham", "cheese");
make_sandwich("turkey", "lettuce", "tomato");
make_sandwich("avocado", "sprouts", "mustard", "mayo");

//Q 45: Cars: Create detailed car objects with flexible properties

//Ans 45:
function make_car(manufacturer:string, model:string, ...options:[string, any][]): object {
    let car = {manufacturer, model};
    options.forEach(([key, value]) => car[key] = value);
    return car;
}

console.log(make_car("Toyota", "Corolla", ["Color", "red"], ["year", 2020]));
console.log(make_car("Ford","Fiesta", ["Color", "Blue"], ["sunroof", true]));