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lf2cr.html
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<html>
<head>
<title>
LF2CR - Convert Line Feeds to Carriage Returns
</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#EEEEEE" link="#CC0000" alink="#FF3300" vlink="#000055">
<h1 align = "center">
LF2CR <br> Convert Line Feeds to Carriage Returns
</h1>
<hr>
<p>
<b>LF2CR</b>
is a C++ program which
converts line feeds
to carriage returns.
</p>
<p>
I constantly run into problems, when transferring
a file from one system to another, involving different conventions
for ending a line of text.
</p>
<p>
It is my understanding that the following "conventions" apply:
<ul>
<li>
Macintosh (pre OSX) text lines end with the CR (carriage return) character;
</li>
<li>
PC text lines end with the CR+LF (carriage return + line feed) characters;
</li>
<li>
UNIX text lines end with the LF (line feed) character;
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<p>
While your file transfer program will usually transfer a text file in such
a way that that carriage control is properly translated, this sometimes doesn't
happen, especially if the text file is transferred "verbatim", that is,
as though it were a binary file.
</p>
<p>
In such a case, <b>LF2CR</b> is the correct program to use if you want
to convert a UNIX text file to a pre OSX Macintosh text file, since it
will replace each occurrence of LF by CR.
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Usage:
</h3>
<p>
<blockquote>
<b>lf2cr</b> <i>old</i> <i>new</i>
</blockquote>
where
<ul>
<li>
<i>old</i> is the file to be modified;
</li>
<li>
<i>new</i> is the modified copy of the old file.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Licensing:
</h3>
<p>
The computer code and data files described and made available on this web page
are distributed under
<a href = "../../txt/gnu_lgpl.txt">the GNU LGPL license.</a>
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Languages:
</h3>
<p>
<b>LF2CR</b> is available in
<a href = "../../cpp_src/lf2cr/lf2cr.html">a C++ version</a>.
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Related Data and Programs:
</h3>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/cr2crlf/cr2crlf.html">
CR2CRLF</a>,
a C++ program which
replaces carriage returns by carriage returns + line feeds.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/cr2lf/cr2lf.html">
CR2LF</a>,
a C++ program which
replaces carriage returns by line feeds.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/crrm/crrm.html">
CRRM</a>,
a C++ program which
removes all carriage returns from a file.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/deblank/deblank.html">
DEBLANK</a>,
a C++ program which
makes a copy of a text file which contains no blank lines.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/decomment/decomment.html">
DECOMMENT</a>,
a C++ program which
makes a copy of a text file which contains no "comment" lines
(that begin with "#").
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/detroff/detroff.html">
DETROFF</a>,
a C++ program which
removes from a file every occurrence of the TROFF overprint
pair character+backspace, which can make a MAN page printable;
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/filum/filum.html">
FILUM</a>,
a C++ library which
performs various operations on files.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/lf2crlf/lf2crlf.html">
LF2CRLF</a>,
a C++ program which
replaces linefeeds by carriage returns + line feeds.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/lfrm/lfrm.html">
LFRM</a>,
a C++ program which
removes all linefeeds from a file.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../f_src/reformat/reformat.html">
REFORMAT</a>,
a FORTRAN90 program which
reads a text file that contains only real values, and writes a copy
which has a fixed number of real values on each line.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/reword/reword.html">
REWORD</a>,
a C++ program which
reads a text file and writes a copy which has a fixed number
of "words" per line.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/uncontrol/uncontrol.html">
UNCONTROL</a>,
a C++ program which
makes a copy of a text file which contains no control characters.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/wrap/wrap.html">
WRAP</a>,
a C++ program which
makes a copy of a text file in which no line is longer
than a user-specified wrap length.
</p>
<p>
<a href = "../../cpp_src/wrap2/wrap2.html">
WRAP2</a>
is a C++ program which
wraps long lines in a text file, but which
wraps some lines "early", so as to avoid breaking words.
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Source Code:
</h3>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href = "lf2cr.cpp">lf2cr.cpp</a>, the source code;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "lf2cr.sh">lf2cr.sh</a>, commands to compile
and link the code;
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Examples and Tests:
</h3>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href = "lf.txt">lf.txt</a>, the input "LF" file;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "cr.txt">cr.txt</a>, the output "CR" file;
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
List of Routines:
</h3>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>MAIN</b> is the main program for LF2CR.
</li>
<li>
<b>HANDLE</b> makes a copy of a file in which LF's are replaced by CR's.
</li>
<li>
<b>TIMESTAMP</b> prints the current YMDHMS date as a time stamp.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
You can go up one level to <a href = "../cpp_src.html">
the C++ source codes</a>.
</p>
<hr>
<i>
Last revised on 16 December 2007.
</i>
<!-- John Burkardt -->
</body>
</html>