This roadmap provides a structured path for beginners to learn Natural Language Processing (NLP) Engineering, including key topics and recommended resources for each stage.
- Python programming
- Object-oriented programming
- Data structures and algorithms
Resources:
- Book: "Python for Programmers" by Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel
- Course: "Python for Everybody Specialization" by University of Michigan on Coursera
- Linear algebra
- Probability and statistics
- Information theory basics
Resources:
- Book: "Mathematics for Machine Learning" by Marc Peter Deisenroth, A. Aldo Faisal, and Cheng Soon Ong
- Course: "Mathematics for Machine Learning Specialization" by Imperial College London on Coursera
- Morphology, syntax, and semantics
- Phonetics and phonology
- Pragmatics and discourse analysis
Resources:
- Book: "Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication" by Adrian Akmajian et al.
- Course: "Miracles of Human Language: An Introduction to Linguistics" by Leiden University on Coursera
- Supervised and unsupervised learning
- Feature engineering
- Model evaluation and validation
- Neural network architectures
- Backpropagation and optimization
- Regularization techniques
- Tokenization and normalization
- Part-of-speech tagging
- Named entity recognition
Resources:
- Book: "Speech and Language Processing" by Dan Jurafsky and James H. Martin
- Course: "Natural Language Processing Specialization" by deeplearning.ai on Coursera
- Sentiment analysis
- Topic modeling
- Spam detection
- Relation extraction
- Event extraction
- Fact extraction
- Extractive summarization
- Abstractive summarization
- Evaluation metrics for summarization
Resources:
- Book: "Natural Language Processing with Python" by Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, and Edward Loper
- Course: "Applied Text Mining in Python" by University of Michigan on Coursera
- Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText
- Contextualized embeddings (ELMo)
- Subword embeddings
- Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks
- Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs)
- Self-attention and multi-head attention
- Transformer architecture
- BERT, GPT, and their variants
Resources:
- Book: "Natural Language Processing with Transformers" by Lewis Tunstall, Leandro von Werra, and Thomas Wolf
- Course: "Natural Language Processing with Attention Models" by deeplearning.ai on Coursera
- Statistical machine translation
- Neural machine translation
- Evaluation metrics for translation (BLEU, METEOR)
- Information retrieval-based QA
- Knowledge-based QA
- Machine reading comprehension
- Task-oriented dialogue systems
- Open-domain chatbots
- Dialogue state tracking
Resources:
- Book: "Neural Machine Translation" by Philipp Koehn
- Course: "Advanced Machine Learning on Google Cloud" by Google Cloud on Coursera
- NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit)
- spaCy
- Stanford CoreNLP
- PyTorch and torchtext
- TensorFlow and TensorFlow Text
- Hugging Face Transformers
- Prodigy for annotation
- Label Studio
- Doccano
Resources:
- Book: "Practical Natural Language Processing" by Sowmya Vajjala et al.
- Course: "Advanced NLP with spaCy" by spaCy (available on their website)
- RESTful APIs for NLP models
- Serverless deployment (e.g., AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions)
- Model compression and optimization for deployment
- Distributed training for large NLP models
- Efficient inference techniques
- Caching and load balancing for NLP services
- Model performance monitoring
- Handling concept drift in NLP models
- Continuous learning and model updates
Resources:
- Book: "Building Machine Learning Pipelines" by Hannes Hapke and Catherine Nelson
- Course: "Machine Learning Engineering for Production (MLOps) Specialization" by deeplearning.ai on Coursera
- Types of bias in language models
- Bias detection and mitigation techniques
- Fairness considerations in NLP applications
- Anonymization techniques for text data
- Differential privacy in NLP
- Adversarial attacks on NLP models
- Interpretability and explainability in NLP models
- Ethical guidelines for NLP research and development
- Social impact assessment of NLP technologies
Resources:
- Book: "Ethics and Data Science" by Mike Loukides, Hilary Mason, and DJ Patil
- Course: "AI Ethics" by Google on Coursera
- Vision and language tasks (e.g., image captioning, visual question answering)
- Audio and text integration (e.g., speech recognition, speaker diarization)
- Cross-modal learning
- Transfer learning for low-resource languages
- Few-shot and zero-shot learning in NLP
- Multilingual and cross-lingual models
- Combining symbolic AI and neural networks
- Knowledge graphs in NLP
- Reasoning over text
Resources:
- Book: "Multimodal Machine Learning" by Louis-Philippe Morency
- Course: "Advanced Natural Language Processing" by Stanford University (available on YouTube)
- Reading and understanding NLP papers
- Reproducing state-of-the-art results
- Participating in NLP challenges and competitions
- Understanding popular NLP open source projects
- Contributing to documentation and code
- Developing and sharing NLP tools and datasets
- Identifying business opportunities in NLP
- Developing NLP-based products and services
- Navigating the NLP startup ecosystem
Resources:
- Website: Papers With Code (for latest NLP research and implementations)
- Conference: Attend or watch recordings of major NLP conferences (ACL, EMNLP, NAACL)
- Start with the foundations and progressively move through the roadmap.
- Build practical NLP projects to apply your learning at each stage.
- Participate in NLP competitions on platforms like Kaggle or CodaLab.
- Contribute to open-source NLP projects on GitHub.
- Attend NLP workshops, webinars, and conferences to stay updated with the latest advancements.
- Network with other NLP engineers and researchers through social media and professional groups.
- Consider pursuing advanced degrees or specialized courses in NLP if aiming for research roles.
Remember, this roadmap is a guide, and you can adjust it based on your interests and career goals. NLP is a rapidly evolving field, so continuous learning and hands-on practice are key to success. Happy NLP engineering!