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pizzi-readings-parse-gpt4.xml
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<TEI><text><body>
<div n="2">
Let's break down each word in lines 1-5 for a detailed grammatical explanation:
### Line 1: یکی مرد بود اندر آن روزگار
- **یکی** (yekī) - [Numeral/Indefinite Pronoun] "One, a, an"; used here as an indefinite article equivalent to "a" in English.
- **مرد** (mard) - [Noun] "Man"; the subject of the sentence.
- **بود** (būd) - [Verb] "Was"; the past tense of the verb "to be," indicating the existence or state of the subject in the past.
- **اندر** (andar) - [Preposition] "In"; used to indicate location or inclusion within a spatial, temporal, or other context.
- **آن** (ān) - [Demonstrative Pronoun] "That"; used here to point to a specific time period mentioned.
- **روزگار** (rūzgār) - [Noun] "Era, time"; the object of the preposition "in," completing the phrase that specifies the time period.
### Line 2: ز دشت سواران نیزه گذار
- **ز** (ze) - [Preposition] "From"; indicating origin or separation.
- **دشت** (dašt) - [Noun] "Plain"; the starting point or origin in relation to the action described.
- **سواران** (sawārān) - [Noun, Plural] "Riders"; acting as an adjective modifying "نیزه گذار" (spear passer), indicating a group of riders.
- **نیزه** (nīzeh) - [Noun] "Spear"; part of the compound "نیزه گذار" (spear passer), indicating the object associated with the action.
- **گذار** (gozār) - [Noun/Doer form] "Passer"; the second part of the compound "نیزه گذار" (spear passer), describing someone who performs the action of passing or placing spears, possibly in a ceremonial or martial context.
### Line 3: گرانمایه هم شاه و هم نیک مرد
- **گرانمایه** (gerānmāyeh) - [Adjective] "Valuable, precious"; describing the man mentioned as being of great value or worth.
- **هم** (ham) - [Conjunction/Adverb] "Both, also"; used twice in this line to indicate inclusion of both qualities mentioned.
- **شاه** (shāh) - [Noun] "King"; one of the qualities or roles attributed to the man, indicating his rank or status.
- **و** (va) - [Conjunction] "And"; connects "شاه" (king) and "نیک مرد" (good man), indicating that he was both.
- **نیک** (nik) - [Adjective] "Good"; modifying "مرد" (man), describing his moral character.
- **مرد** (mard) - [Noun] "Man"; the second quality attributed to him, focusing on his character.
### Line 4: ز ترس جهاندار با باد سرد
- **ز** (ze) - [Preposition] "From"; indicating the cause or reason for something.
- **ترس** (tars) - [Noun] "Fear"; the cause or emotion experienced, likely metaphorically indicating respect or awe.
- **جهاندار** (jahāndār) - [Noun] "World holder, ruler"; an epithet for a powerful person, suggesting his control or influence over the world.
- **با** (bā) - [Preposition] "With"; indicating accompaniment or association.
- **باد** (bād) - [Noun] "Wind"; used metaphorically with "سرد" (cold) to describe the nature of his feared or respected presence.
- **سرد** (sard) - [Adjective] "Cold"; modifying "باد" (wind), indicating the nature of the fear or respect he inspired, possibly suggesting it was intense or chilling.
### Line 5: که مرداس نام گرانمایه بود
- **که** (ke) - [Relative Pronoun] "That"; introduces a relative clause providing more information about
Let's continue with the grammatical analysis and vocalized transliteration for lines 5-9:
### Line 5: که مرداس نام گرانمایه بود
- **که** (ke) - [Conjunction/Relative Pronoun] "That"; used here to introduce a clause explaining further details about the man.
- **مرداس** (Mardās) - [Proper Noun] "Mardas"; the name of the man being discussed, serving as the subject of the clause.
- **نام** (nām) - [Noun] "Name"; the object of the verb "بود" (was), indicating what Mardas had or was called.
- **گرانمایه** (gerānmāyeh) - [Adjective] "Precious, valuable"; modifying "نام" (name), indicating that his name was of great value or significance.
- **بود** (būd) - [Verb] "Was"; the past tense of the verb "to be," indicating the state of being of Mardas's name.
### Line 6: بداد و دهش برترین پایه بود
- **بداد** (bedād) - [Noun] "Justice"; part of a compound idea with "و دهش" (and kindness), describing qualities attributed to Mardas.
- **و** (va) - [Conjunction] "And"; connects "بداد" (justice) and "دهش" (kindness), showing that he embodied both qualities.
- **دهش** (deheš) - [Noun] "Kindness"; another quality of Mardas, paired with "بداد" (justice) to describe his character.
- **برترین** (bartarīn) - [Adjective] "Highest, supreme"; the superlative form of "برتر" (higher), indicating the highest rank or degree.
- **پایه** (pāye) - [Noun] "Rank, base, foundation"; the object of "بود" (was), indicating the level or status Mardas held in terms of justice and kindness.
- **بود** (būd) - [Verb] "Was"; indicating the state of Mardas's rank or status in the past.
### Line 7: مر او را ز دوشیدنی چارپای
- **مر** (mar) - A variant of "مرا" (mara), often used in classical Persian for "to me" or "for me," but here likely a scribal or transcription error, as it doesn't fit grammatically. The expected form might be something that aligns with "from him" or "by him," possibly a confusion with "از" (from) considering the context.
- **او** (ū) - [Pronoun] "He"; referring to Mardas, the subject of the actions described.
- **را** (rā) - [Direct Object Marker]; not directly applicable here due to the initial confusion with "مر" (mar). Typically, it marks the object of a verb.
- **ز** (ze) - [Preposition] "From"; indicating the source or origin.
- **دوشیدنی** (došīdanī) - [Adjective/Noun used as Adjective] "Milking"; describing "چارپای" (four-legged animals), indicating the animals from which milk is obtained.
- **چارپای** (čārpāy) - [Noun] "Four-legged (animal)"; the object of the preposition "ز" (from), referring to livestock.
### Line 8: ز هر یک هزار آمدندی به جای
- **ز** (ze) - [Preposition] "From"; indicating a part or portion out of a whole.
- **هر** (har) - [Determiner] "Every"; specifying one out of a group.
- **یک** (yek) - [Numeral] "One"; the number indicating the single item being referred to out of the whole.
- **هزار** (hezār) - [Numeral] "Thousand"; specifying the total number from which the "one" is taken.
- **آمدندی** (āmadandī) - [Verb, Past Tense, Plural] "They came"; indicating the action of coming or arriving, with a -ی ending that's less common in modern Persian and might reflect a regional or classical spelling or conjugation.
- **ب
Let's correct and continue with a detailed grammatical breakdown and vocalized transliteration for line 8:
### Line 8: ز هر یک هزار آمدندی به جای
- **ز** (ze) - [Preposition] "From"; indicating a part or portion out of a whole.
- **Transliteration:** ze
- **هر** (har) - [Determiner] "Every"; specifying one unit in a series or group.
- **Transliteration:** har
- **یک** (yek) - [Numeral] "One"; indicating a single unit.
- **Transliteration:** yek
- **هزار** (hezār) - [Numeral] "Thousand"; the numerical value from which the single unit is derived.
- **Transliteration:** hezār
- **آمدندی** (āmadandī) - Likely a variant or misspelling influenced by poetic meter or dialectical variation. In standard Persian, "آمدند" (āmadand) would mean "they came," referring to past plural action. The suffix "ی" could be an archaic or poetic form to fit the verse's meter or a scribal error. Considering the context, it indicates a form of arrival or provision.
- **Transliteration:** āmadandī
- **به** (be) - [Preposition] "To"; indicating direction towards a place or point.
- **Transliteration:** be
- **جای** (jāy) - [Noun] "Place"; the destination or point of arrival.
- **Transliteration:** jāy
**Literal translation:** From each thousand came one in place.
**Refined translation:** For each thousand [animals], one would be brought in place.
Let's continue with the correction and proceed correctly from here.
### Line 9: بز و اشتر و میش را همچنین
- **بز** (boz) - [Noun] "Goat"; one of the animals mentioned in the list.
- **Transliteration:** boz
- **و** (va) - [Conjunction] "And"; used to connect items in a list.
- **Transliteration:** va
- **اشتر** (oštar) - [Noun] "Camel"; another animal in the list.
- **Transliteration:** oštar
- **و** (va) - [Conjunction] "And"; connecting the items in the list.
- **Transliteration:** va
- **میش** (mīš) - [Noun] "Sheep"; the last animal mentioned in this series.
- **Transliteration:** mīš
- **را** (rā) - [Direct Object Marker]; used to mark the object of a verb or action, though the verb is implied or to be inferred here.
- **Transliteration:** rā
- **همچنین** (hamčonīn) - [Adverb] "Likewise, in the same way"; indicating that the action or status applied to the previously mentioned items applies here as well.
- **Transliteration:** hamčonīn
**Literal translation:** Goats and camels and sheep likewise.
**Refined translation:** Likewise, [he gave] to goats, camels, and sheep.
This breakdown clarifies the structure and meaning of each word within the context of lines 8 and 9, highlighting the systematic approach to distributing the animals.
Continuing with the grammatical analysis for lines 10-13:
### Line 10: به دوشندگان داده بد پاک دین
- **به** (be) - [Preposition] "To"; indicating the direction or recipient of an action.
- **Transliteration:** be
- **دوشندگان** (došandegān) - [Noun, Plural] "Milkmen, those who milk"; the plural form of "دوشنده" (došande), referring to people who milk animals.
- **Transliteration:** došandegān
- **داده** (dāde) - [Verb, Past Participle] "Given"; the past participle of "دادن" (dādan, "to give"), indicating the action performed towards the "دوشندگان" (milkmen).
- **Transliteration:** dāde
- **بد** (bad) - [Adjective] "Bad, ill, poor"; however, in this context, it appears to be a typographical or transliteration error. The correct word might be "به" (to) or another word fitting the context, possibly indicating a quality or attribute. Without further context, the precise meaning is challenging to discern. If considering a common typographical switch, "بد" might be intended as "به", which doesn't fit grammatically. Another possibility is interpreting "بد" as part of a phrase that has been cut off or misinterpreted.
- **Transliteration:** bad
## we needed to add the vocalization "bud" that is in Pizzi to show this is a form of the verb to be.
- **پاک** (pāk) - [Adjective] "Pure, clean"; describing the "دین" (faith) in this context, indicating purity or righteousness.
- **Transliteration:** pāk
- **دین** (dīn) - [Noun] "Religion, faith"; the object of what was given, likely referring to the moral or ethical underpinnings of the actions described.
- **Transliteration:** dīn
**Literal translation:** To the milkmen given [was] pure faith.
**Refined translation:** He gave to the milkmen, embodying pure faith.
Given the potential error with "بد" (bad), a plausible interpretation might focus on the intent to describe an action carried out with pure faith, possibly a charitable or dutiful act towards those who milk animals. The context suggests a virtue or generosity attributed to the subject.
### Line 11: همان گاو دوشا به فرمانبری
- **همان** (hamān) - [Demonstrative Pronoun] "The same"; referring back to something previously mentioned or understood within the context.
- **Transliteration:** hamān
- **گاو** (gāv) - [Noun] "Cow"; the subject of the action or description.
- **Transliteration:** gāv
- **دوشا** (došā) - [Adjective] "Milking"; modifying "گاو" (cow), indicating that the cow is one that is milked.
- **Transliteration:** došā
- **به** (be) - [Preposition] "To"; indicating a quality, condition, or state directed at or ascribed to the cow.
- **Transliteration:** be
- **فرمانبری** (farmānbarī) - [Noun] "Obedience"; the state or quality being described, indicating that the milking cow is characterized by obedience.
- **Transliteration:** farmānbarī
**Literal translation:** The same milking cow was to obedience.
**Refined translation:** That same milking cow was known for its obedience.
### Line 12: همان تازی اسپ رمنده فری
- **همان** (hamān) - [Demonstrative Pronoun] "The same"; referring back to a previously mentioned or understood context, similarly to line 11.
- **Transliteration:** hamān
- **تازی** (tāzī) - [Adjective] "Arabian"; modifying "اسپ" (horse), indicating the breed or origin of the horse.
- **Transliteration:** tāzī
- **اسپ** (asp) - [Noun] "Horse"; the subject of the description.
- **Transliteration:** asp
- **رمنده** (ramande) - [Adjective] "Escaping, running away"; describing the horse, possibly indicating its spirited or
</div>
<div n="20">
Line 1:
بد (bad) - [Adjective] "Bad, ill, poor"
Transliteration: bad
اختر (axtar) - [Noun] "Fate, star, destiny"
Transliteration: axtar
چو (čo) - [Conjunction] "When, as"
Transliteration: čo
از (az) - [Preposition] "From"
Transliteration: az
شهر (šahr) - [Noun] "City"
Transliteration: šahr
کابل (Kābol) - [Proper Noun] "Kabul"
Transliteration: Kābol
برفت (baroft) - [Verb] "Went, left" (Past tense of رفتن [raftan])
Transliteration: baroft
Literal translation: When the ill fate from the city of Kabul went.
Refined translation: When the ill-fated one left the city of Kabul.
Line 2:
بدان (badān) - [Preposition] "To that"
Transliteration: badān
دشت (dašt) - [Noun] "Plain, field"
Transliteration: dašt
نخچیر (naxčīr) - [Noun] "Wild game"
Transliteration: naxčīr
شد (šod) - [Verb] "Became, was" (Past tense of شدن [šodan])
Transliteration: šod
شاه (šāh) - [Noun] "King"
Transliteration: šāh
تفت (taft) - [Verb] "Sped, hurried" (Past tense)
Transliteration: taft
Literal translation: To that plain of wild game became the king sped.
Line 3:
ببرد (babord) - [Verb] "Took" (Past tense of بردن [bordan])
Transliteration: babord
از (az) - [Preposition] "From"
Transliteration: az
میان (miyān) - [Noun] "Among, from among"
Transliteration: miyān
لشکری (laškarī) - [Noun] "Army"
Transliteration: laškarī
چاه کن (čāh kon) - [Noun] "Well digger"
Transliteration: čāh kon
Literal translation: Took from among the army a well digger.
Line 4:
کجا (kojā) - [Adverb] "Where"
Transliteration: kojā
نام (nām) - [Noun] "Name"
Transliteration: nām
بردند (bardand) - [Verb] "They named, mentioned" (Past tense of بردن [bordan])
Transliteration: bardand
از (az) - [Preposition] "Of, from"
Transliteration: az
آن (ān) - [Pronoun] "That"
Transliteration: ān
انجمن (anjoman) - [Noun] "Assembly, gathering"
Transliteration: anjoman
Literal translation: Where they named from that assembly.
Line 5:
سراسر (sarāsar) - [Adverb] "Entirely, throughout"
Transliteration: sarāsar
همه (hame) - [Adjective] "All, every"
Transliteration: hame
دشت (dašt) - [Noun] "Plain, field"
Transliteration: dašt
نخچیرگاه (naxčīrgāh) - [Noun] "Hunting ground"
Transliteration: naxčīrgāh
Literal translation: Entirely all the plain was a hunting ground.
Line 6:
همه (hame) - [Adjective] "All, every"
Transliteration: hame
چاه (čāh) - [Noun] "Well"
Transliteration: čāh
کندند (kandand) - [Verb] "They dug" (Past tense of کندن [kandan])
Transliteration: kandand
در (dar) - [Preposition] "In, at"
Transliteration: dar
زیر (zīr) - [Noun/Preposition] "Beneath, under"
Transliteration: zīr
راه (rāh) - [Noun] "Path, way"
Transliteration: rāh
Literal translation: All dug wells beneath the path.
Line 7:
زده (zade) - [Verb] "Struck, buried" (Past participle of زدن [zadan], "to hit, to strike")
Transliteration: zade
حرب‌ها (harb-hā) - [Noun, plural] "Weapons"
Transliteration: harb-hā
را (rā) - [Direct object marker]
Transliteration: rā
بن (ban) - [Preposition] "In, within"
Transliteration: ban
اندر (andar) - [Preposition] "In, into"
Transliteration: andar
زمین (zamīn) - [Noun] "Ground, earth"
Transliteration: zamīn
Literal translation: Buried weapons into in the ground.
Refined translation: Burying weapons deep into the ground.
Line 8:
همان (hamān) - [Demonstrative pronoun] "The very, that very"
Transliteration: hamān
تیغ (tīgh) - [Noun] "Sword"
Transliteration: tīgh
و (va) - [Conjunction] "And"
Transliteration: va
ژوپین (žūpīn) - [Noun] "Lance"
Transliteration: žūpīn
و (va) - [Conjunction] "And"
Transliteration: va
شمشیر (šamšīr) - [Noun] "Sword"
Transliteration: šamšīr
کین (kīn) - [Noun] "Vengeance, spite"
Transliteration: kīn
Literal translation: That very sword and lance and vengeful sword.
Refined translation: The very swords, lances, and vengeful blades.
Line 9:
به (be) - [Preposition] "With, by"
Transliteration: be
چاره (čāre) - [Noun] "Means, remedy, strategy"
Transliteration: čāre
سر (sar) - [Noun] "Head, top, beginning"
Transliteration: sar
چاه (čāh) - [Noun] "Well"
Transliteration: čāh
را (rā) - [Direct object marker]
Transliteration: rā
کرد (kard) - [Verb] "Did, made" (Past tense of کردن [kardan])
Transliteration: kard
کور (kūr) - [Adjective] "Blind"
Transliteration: kūr
Literal translation: With strategy the top of well made blind.
Refined translation: Ingeniously, they blinded the mouth of the well.
Line 10:
که (ke) - [Conjunction] "That"
Transliteration: ke
مردم (mardom) - [Noun] "People"
Transliteration: mardom
ندیدی (nadīdī) - [Verb] "Did not see" (Negative past tense of دیدن [dīdan], "to see")
Transliteration: nadīdī
نه (na) - [Negative particle] "Not"
Transliteration: na
چشم (čašm) - [Noun] "Eye"
Transliteration: čašm
ستور (setūr) - [Noun] "Beast, animal"
Transliteration: setūr
Literal translation: That people did not see neither eye of beast.
Refined translation: So that neither man nor the eye of a beast could see.
This text appears to be from a Persian literary source, likely classical poetry given its structure and vocabulary. Persian poetry is known for its intricate beauty, depth, and use of symbolic language. Let's analyze these lines word by word, providing transliterations, literal translations, and more fluent English translations for each.
### Line 11
- **همان** (hamān): "the same"
- **گاو** (gāv): "cow"
- **دوشا** (dushā): "milker," from دوشیدن (dūshīdan), "to milk"
- **به** (be): "to," "with"
- **فرمانبری** (farmānbarī): "obedience"
**Literal:** "The same cow milker with obedience"
**Fluent:** "That same obedient cow milker"
### Line 12
- **همان** (hamān): "the same"
- **تازی** (tāzī): "Arabian"
- **اسپ** (asp): "horse"
- **رمنده** (ramandeh): "escaping," "fleeing"
- **فری** (farī): "unbridled," "free"
**Literal:** "The same Arabian horse fleeing free"
**Fluent:** "That same free and fleeing Arabian horse"
### Line 13
- **به** (be): "to"
- **شیر** (shīr): "milk"
- **آن** (ān): "that"
- **کسی** (kasī): "person"
- **را** (rā): "(object marker)"
- **که** (ke): "who"
- **بودی** (būdī): "was"
- **نیاز** (nīāz): "need"
**Literal:** "To the milk of that person who was in need"
**Fluent:** "Providing milk to the one who was in need"
### Line 14
- **بدان** (be dān): "to that"
- **خواسته** (khāsteh): "wish," "desire"
- **دست** (dast): "hand"
- **بردی** (bardī): "took," "carried"
- **فراز** (farāz): "above"
**Literal:** "To that desire, a hand took above"
**Fluent:** "Reached out to fulfill that wish"
### Line 15
- **پسر** (pesar): "son"
- **بد** (bad): "bad," "evil"
- **مر** (mar): "man"
- **آن** (ān): "that"
- **پاک** (pāk): "pure"
- **دین** (dīn): "religion," "faith"
- **را** (rā): "(object marker)"
- **یکی** (yekī): "one"
**Literal:** "Son was to that pure faith one bad man"
**Fluent:** "A bad man was a son to that pure faith"
### Line 16
- **کش** (kesh): "whom"
- **از** (az): "from"
- **مهر** (mehr): "love," "affection"
- **بهره** (behrē): "share," "portion"
- **نبود** (nabūd): "was not"
- **اندکی** (andakī): "a little," "some"
**Literal:** "Whom from love a share was not even a little"
**Fluent:** "Who had not even a little share of love"
### Line 17
- **جهانجوی** (jahānjūy): "world seeker," a name
- **را** (rā): "(object marker)"
- **نام** (nām): "name"
- **ضحاک** (Zahhāk): "Zahhak," a mythical king
**Literal:** "World seeker's name was Zahhak"
**Fluent:** "He who sought the world was named Zahhak"
Let's continue with the grammatical analysis and translations for line 18 onwards.
### Line 18
- **دلیر** (dalīr): "brave"
- **و** (va): "and"
- **سبکسار** (sabksār): "agile," "nimble"
- **و** (va): "and"
- **ناباک** (nābāk): "unrestrained," "audacious"
**Literal:** "Brave and agile and audacious"
**Fluent:** "He was brave, agile, and audacious"
### Line 19
- **همان** (hamān): "the same"
- **بیوراسپش** (bīvurāspash): "without horse," possibly a name or title indicating someone who does not ride a horse
- **همی** (hamī): "always," "continuously"
- **خواندند** (khāndand): "they called"
**Literal:** "The same, without horse, they always called"
**Fluent:** "They always called him 'the one without a horse'"
### Line 20
- **چنین** (chonīn): "such," "thus"
- **نام** (nām): "name"
- **بر** (bar): "upon"
- **پهلوی** (pahlavī): "side," "flank"
- **راندند** (rāndand): "they drove," "they inscribed"
**Literal:** "Such name upon the flank they inscribed"
**Fluent:** "Such was the name they inscribed upon his flank"
This translation and analysis provide insights into the poetry's structure, which blends literal descriptions with metaphorical and sometimes archaic language to convey deeper meanings or to tell a story. The text seems to reference mythological or legendary figures, common in Persian literature, with Zahhak being a notable figure in Persian mythology known for his tyranny. The use of metaphorical language such as "without horse" could symbolize a lack of freedom or nobility, characteristic of the rich tapestry of meanings found in Persian poetry.
Let's continue with the grammatical analysis and translations for lines 21 to 30.
### Line 21
- **کجا** (kojā): "where"
- **بیور** (bīvor): "without horse," but contextually here, it seems to be used metaphorically or as a title
- **از** (az): "from"
- **پهلوانی** (pahlavānī): "heroism," "chivalry"
- **شمار** (shomār): "count," "consider"
**Literal:** "Where without horse from heroism consider"
**Fluent:** "Where is horselessness counted as valor?"
### Line 22
- **بود** (būd): "was"
- **در** (dar): "in"
- **زبان** (zabān): "language"
- **دری** (darī): "Dari," a variety of Persian
- **ده** (deh): "ten"
- **هزار** (hezār): "thousand"
**Literal:** "Was in Dari language ten thousand"
**Fluent:** "There were ten thousand in the Dari language"
### Line 23
- **از** (az): "from"
- **اسپان** (aspān): "horses"
- **تازی** (tāzī): "Arabian"
- **به** (be): "to"
- **زرین** (zarin): "golden"
- **ستام** (setām): "bridle"
**Literal:** "From Arabian horses to golden bridle"
**Fluent:** "From Arabian horses to a golden bridle"
### Line 24
- **او** (ou): "he"
- **را** (rā): "(object marker)"
- **بود** (būd): "was"
- **بیور** (bīvor): "without horse"
- **که** (ke): "that"
- **بردند** (bardand): "they took"
- **نام** (nām): "name"
**Literal:** "He was without horse that they took name"
**Fluent:** "He was named 'without horse'"
### Line 25
- **شب** (shab): "night"
- **و** (va): "and"
- **روز** (rūz): "day"
- **بودی** (būdī): "was"
- **دو** (do): "two"
- **بهره** (behrā): "portion"
- **به** (be): "in"
- **زین** (zīn): "saddle"
**Literal:** "Night and day was two portions in saddle"
**Fluent:** "He was ever present in the saddle, night and day"
### Line 26
- **ز** (az): "from"
- **راه** (rāh): "way," "path"
- **بزرگی** (bozorgī): "greatness"
- **نه** (na): "not"
- **از** (az): "from"
- **راه** (rāh): "way"
- **کین** (kīn): "vengeance," "grudge"
**Literal:** "From the path of greatness not from the path of vengeance"
**Fluent:** "His path was one of greatness, not of vengeance"
### Line 27
- **چنان** (chenān): "so," "such"
- **بد** (bud): "was"
- **که** (ke): "that"
- **ابلیس** (eblīs): "Satan"
- **روزی** (rūzī): "one day"
- **پگاه** (pegāh): "morning"
**Literal:** "So was that Satan one day morning"
**Fluent:** "So it happened that one morning, Satan"
### Line 28
- **بیامد** (biāmad): "came"
- **بسان** (basān): "like," "as"
- **یکی** (yekī): "one"
- **نیکخواه** (nīk-khāh): "well-wisher"
**Literal:** "Came like a well-wisher"
**Fluent:** "Came like a well-wisher"
Line 29
دل (del): "heart"
مهتر (mehtar): "chief," "noble," or "leader," often used to refer to someone of high status or importance
از (az): "from"
راه (rāh): "way," "path"
نیکی (nikī): "goodness," "kindness"
ببرد (bebard): "led away," "stole" (from بردن, "to take" or "to lead")
Literal: "Heart of the chief from the path of goodness led away"
Fluent: "The chief's heart was led astray from the path of goodness"
Line 30
جوان (javān): "youth," "young man"
گوش (gūsh): "ear"
گفتار (goftār): "speech," "words"
او (ū): "his"
را (rā): "(direct object marker)"
سپرد (separd): "entrusted," "handed over" (from سپردن, "to entrust" or "to commit")
Literal: "Youth his ear to his speech entrusted"
Fluent: "The young man entrusted his ear to his words"
Continuing with the grammatical analysis and translations for lines 31 to 40:
### Line 31
- **همانا** (hamānā): "indeed," "certainly"
- **خوش** (khosh): "pleasant," "pleasing"
- **آمدش** (āmadash): "came to him," from آمدن (āmadan, "to come") + اش (his)
- **گفتار** (goftār): "speech," "words"
- **اوی** (ūy): "his," a poetic or archaic form of "his"
**Literal:** "Indeed pleasing to him came his words"
**Fluent:** "Indeed, he found his words pleasing"
### Line 32
- **نبود** (nabūd): "was not"
- **آگه** (āgah): "aware"
- **از** (az): "from"
- **زشت** (zesht): "ugly," "evil"
- **کردار** (kardār): "deed," "action"
- **اوی** (ūy): "his"
**Literal:** "Was not aware of his evil deed"
**Fluent:** "He was not aware of his evil deeds"
### Line 33
- **بدو** (bedū): "to him"
- **داد** (dād): "gave"
- **هوش** (hūsh): "intellect," "wisdom"
- **و** (va): "and"
- **دل** (del): "heart"
- **و** (va): "and"
- **جان** (jān): "soul"
- **پاک** (pāk): "pure," "clean"
**Literal:** "To him gave intellect and heart and pure soul"
**Fluent:** "He gave his intellect, heart, and pure soul to him"
### Line 34
- **برآگند** (barāgand): "he threw," from برآوردن (barāvardan, "to throw off" or "to remove") in a literary form
- **بر** (bar): "upon"
- **تارک** (tārak): "dust," "earth"
- **خویش** (khvīsh): "his own"
- **خاک** (khāk): "dirt," "soil"
**Literal:** "He threw upon his own earth dust"
**Fluent:** "He cast aside his own purity to the dust"
### Line 35
- **چو** (cho): "when"
- **ابلیس** (eblīs): "Satan"
- **دانست** (dānest): "knew"
- **کو** (kū): "that"
- **دل** (del): "heart"
- **بداد** (bedād): "gave," from دادن (dādan, "to give")
**Literal:** "When Satan knew that heart gave"
**Fluent:** "When Satan realized that he had given his heart"
### Line 36
- **بر** (bar): "on"
- **افسانه‌اش** (afsāneh-ash): "his tale," "his story"
- **گشت** (gasht): "became"
- **نهمار** (nahmār): possibly a typo or a less common word; considering the context, it may mean "extremely" or "utterly"
- **شاد** (shād): "happy," "joyful"
**Literal:** "On his tale became extremely joyful"
**Fluent:** "He became extremely joyful over his tale"
### Line 37
- **فراوان** (farāvān): "abundant," "plentiful"
- **سخن** (sokhan): "speech," "word"
- **گفت** (goft): "said," "spoke"
- **زیبا** (zībā): "beautiful"
- **و** (va): "and"
- **نغز** (naghz): "elegant," "witty"
**Literal:** "Plentiful speech said beautiful and witty"
**Fluent:** "He spoke abundantly, with beauty and wit"
Let's resume the analysis from line 38:
### Line 38
- **جوان** (javān): "young man"
- **را** (rā): "to him," used here as a marker for the indirect object
- **ز** (az): "from"
- **دانش** (dānesh): "knowledge"
- **تهی** (tahī): "empty"
- **بود** (būd): "was"
- **مغز** (maghz): "brain," "mind"
**Literal:** "To the young man, from knowledge, empty was [his] brain"
**Fluent:** "The young man's mind was void of knowledge"
### Line 39
- **همی** (hamī): "continually," "always"
- **گفت** (goft): "said"
- **دارم** (dāram): "I have"
- **سخن‌ها** (sokhan-hā): "words," "speeches"
- **بسی** (basī): "much," "a lot"
**Literal:** "Continually said, I have many words"
**Fluent:** "He always said, 'I have many things to say'"
### Line 40
- **که** (keh): "that"
- **آن** (ān): "it," "that"
- **را** (rā): "it," used here as a direct object marker
- **جز** (joz): "except"
- **از** (az): "from"
- **من** (man): "me"
- **نداند** (nadānad): "does not know"
- **کسی** (kasi): "anyone"
**Literal:** "That it, except from me, does not know anyone"
**Fluent:** "That no one else knows except for me"
These lines depict a narrative where a young man is seduced by the pleasing yet deceitful words of a malevolent figure, symbolized by Satan. The young man's inexperience and lack of knowledge make him vulnerable to manipulation. The poetic narrative illustrates themes of innocence, temptation, and the importance of wisdom and discernment.
Continuing with the grammatical analysis and translations for lines 41 to 50:
### Line 41
- **جوان** (javān): "young man"
- **گفت** (goft): "said"
- **برگوی** (bargūy): "tell," imperative of گفتن (goftan, "to say")
- **و** (va): "and"
- **چندین** (chandīn): "so much," "this much"
- **مپای** (mepāy): "do not delay," imperative negative of پاییدن (pāīdan, "to delay")
**Literal:** "Young man said, tell and this much do not delay"
**Fluent:** "The young man said, 'Tell me, and do not delay so much'"
### Line 42
- **بیاموز** (biāmūz): "teach," imperative of آموزیدن (āmūzīdan, "to teach")
- **ما** (mā): "us"
- **را** (rā): "to us," used here as an object marker
- **تو** (to): "you"
- **ای** (ey): "O," a vocative particle
- **نیک‌رای** (nīk-rāy): "good advisor," "wise one"
**Literal:** "Teach us, you O wise one"
**Fluent:** "Teach us, O wise one"
### Line 43
- **بدو** (bedū): "to him"
- **گفت** (goft): "said"
- **پیمانت** (pīmānt): "your promise"
- **خواهم** (khāham): "I want"
- **نخست** (nokhost): "first"
**Literal:** "To him said, your promise I want first"
**Fluent:** "He said to him, 'First, I want your promise'"
### Line 44
- **پس** (pas): "then"
- **آنگه** (āngah): "after that"
- **سخن** (sokhan): "speech," "words"
- **برگشایم** (bargoshāyam): "I will open," "I will start," from برگشودن (bargoshūdan, "to open")
- **درست** (dorost): "correct," "right"
**Literal:** "Then after that speech I will open correct"
**Fluent:** "Then, I will rightly begin my speech"
### Line 45
- **جوان** (javān): "young man"
- **ساده‌دل** (sādeh-del): "simple-hearted," "naive"
- **بود** (būd): "was"
- **پیمانش** (pīmānesh): "his promise"
- **کرد** (kard): "made," "did"
**Literal:** "Young man simple-hearted was, his promise made"
**Fluent:** "The naive young man made his promise"
### Line 46
- **چنان** (chenān): "thus," "in such a way"
- **کو** (kū): "that"
- **بفرمود** (befarmūd): "he ordered," "he commanded"
- **سوگند** (soghand): "oath"
- **کرد** (kard): "took," "made"
**Literal:** "Thus as he ordered, oath took"
**Fluent:** "Just as he commanded, he took an oath"
### Line 47
- **که** (keh): "that"
- **راز** (rāz): "secret"
- **تو** (to): "your"
- **با** (bā): "with"
- **کس** (kas): "someone"
- **نگویم** (nagūyam): "I will not tell," from گفتن (goftan, "to say") in the first person singular future negative
- **ز** (ze): "from"
- **بن** (bon): "root," "foundation"
**Literal:** "That your secret with someone I will not tell from the root"
**Fluent:** "That I will not reveal your secret to anyone at all"
Let's continue from line 48:
### Line 48
- **ز** (az): "from"
- **تو** (to): "you"
- **بشنوم** (beshenavam): "I will listen," "I will hear," from شنیدن (shenīdan, "to hear") in the first person singular future
- **هر** (har): "every"
- **چه** (cheh): "what"
- **گوئی** (go'ī): "you say," from گفتن (goftan, "to say") in the second person singular present
- **سخن** (sokhan): "speech," "words"
**Literal:** "From you, I will listen to whatever you say"
**Fluent:** "I will listen to whatever words you speak"
### Line 49
- **بدو** (bedū): "to him"
- **گفت** (goft): "said"
- **جز** (joz): "except"
- **تو** (to): "you"
- **کسی** (kasī): "someone"
- **در** (dar): "in"
- **سرای** (sarāy): "house," "abode"
**Literal:** "To him said, except you, someone in abode"
**Fluent:** "He said to him, 'Except for you, no one in the house'"
### Line 50
- **چرا** (cherā): "why"
- **باید** (bāyad): "must," "should"
- **ای** (ey): "O," a vocative particle, here for emphasis or direct address
- **نامور** (nāmvār): "famous," "renowned"
- **کدخدای** (kadkhodā): "chief," "headman"
**Literal:** "Why should, O renowned chief"
**Fluent:** "Why should it be so, O renowned chief?"
These lines continue to unfold a story of temptation and persuasion, where a young, naive man is being lured into making a promise of secrecy to a cunning figure, possibly symbolizing deceit or evil. The narrative builds on themes of trust, wisdom, and the dangers of naivety, using a conversation that encapsulates both a physical and metaphorical journey.
Continuing with the grammatical analysis and translations for lines 51 to 80:
### Line 51
- **چه** (cheh): "What"
- **باید** (bāyad): "must," "should"
- **پدر** (pedar): "father"
- **چون** (chūn): "like," "as"
- **پسر** (pesar): "son"
- **چون** (chūn): "like," "as"
- **تو** (to): "you"
- **بود** (būd): "was"
**Literal:** "What must [be] a father like, a son like you was"
**Fluent:** "What should a father be like when a son like you exists"
### Line 52
- **یکی** (yekī): "One"
- **پندت** (pandat): "advice to you"
- **از** (az): "from"
- **من** (man): "me"
- **بباید** (bāyad): "must," "should"
- **شنود** (shenūd): "hear"
**Literal:** "One advice from me you must hear"
**Fluent:** "You must hear one piece of advice from me"
### Line 53
- **زمانه** (zamāneh): "Time"
- **بدین** (bedīn): "to this"
- **خواجه** (khājeh): "master," "lord"
- **سالخورد** (sāl-khord): "aged," "old"
**Literal:** "Time to this lord old"
**Fluent:** "This aged lord has seen many times"
### Line 54
- **همی** (hamī): "always"
- **دیر** (dīr): "late"
- **ماند** (mānd): "remained"
- **تو** (to): "you"
- **اندر** (andar): "in"
- **نورد** (nūrd): "struggle," "turmoil"
**Literal:** "Always late remained you in turmoil"
**Fluent:** "You have always lingered too late in turmoil"
### Line 55
- **بگیر** (begīr): "take," "seize"
- **این** (īn): "this"
- **سر** (sar): "head," "secret" or "top"
- **مایه** (māyeh): "source," "capital"
- **در** (dar): "in"
- **گاه** (gāh): "time," "moment"
- **اوی** (ūy): "his"
**Literal:** "Seize this top source in his time"
**Fluent:** "Take hold of this prime opportunity during his time"
### Line 56
- **تو** (to): "You"
- **را** (rā): "to you"
- **زیبد** (zībad): "befits," "is suitable for"
- **اندر** (andar): "in"
- **جهان** (jahān): "world"
- **جای** (jāy): "place"
- **اوی** (ūy): "his"
**Literal:** "To you befits in world place of his"
**Fluent:** "It suits you to take his place in the world"
### Line 57
- **بر** (bar): "on," "about"
- **این** (īn): "this"
- **گفته** (gofté): "said," "statement"
- **من** (man): "my"
- **چو** (cho): "as," "like"
- **داری** (dārī): "you hold"
- **وفا** (vafā): "loyalty," "faithfulness"
**Literal:** "On this my statement, like you hold loyalty"
**Fluent:** "If you remain loyal to what I have said"
### Line 58
- **جهان** (jahān): "world"
- **را** (rā): "to"
- **تو** (to): "you"
- **باشی** (bāshī): "you will be"
- **یکی** (yekī): "one"
- **پادشا** (pādshā): "king"
**Literal:** "World to you, you will be one king"
**Fluent:** "You will be a king to the world"
### Line 59
- **چو** (cho): "when"
- **ضحاک** (Zahhāk): "Zahhak," a character's name
- **بشنید** (beshenīd): "heard"
- **اندیشه** (andīsheh): "thought," "contemplated"
<note n="GRC">GPT4 left out <f>کرد</f></note>
**Literal:** "When Zahhak heard, he contemplated"
**Fluent:** "When Zahhak heard this, he contemplated"
### Line 60
- **ز** (az): "from"
- **خون** (khūn): "blood"
- **پدر** (pedar): "father"
- **شد** (shod): "became"
- **دلش** (delash): "his heart"
- **پر** (por): "full"
- **ز** (az): "of"
- **درد** (dard): "pain"
**Literal:** "From father's blood, his heart became full of pain"
**Fluent:** "His heart was filled with pain at the thought of his father's blood"
### Line 61
- **به** (be): "to"
- **ابلیس** (Eblīs): "Satan"
- **گفت** (goft): "said"
- **این** (īn): "this"
- **سزاوار** (sezāvar): "deserving," "appropriate"
- **نیست** (nīst): "is not"
**Literal:** "To Satan said, this is not deserving"
**Fluent:** "He said to Satan, 'This is not right'"
### Line 62
- **دگر** (degar): "another"
- **گوی** (gūy): "say"
- **کین** (kīn): "this"
- **از** (az): "from"
- **در** (dar): "door," metaphorically "matter" or "issue"
- **کار** (kār): "work," "affair"
- **نیست** (nīst): "is not"
**Literal:** "Say another, this matter is not from the issue"
**Fluent:** "Say something else, this is not the matter at hand"
### Line 63
- **بدو** (bedū): "to him"
- **گفت** (goft): "said"
- **گر** (gar): "if"
- **بگذری** (begzarī): "you pass," "you overlook"
- **زین** (zīn): "this"
- **سخن** (sokhan): "word," "speech"
**Literal:** "To him said, if you overlook this speech"
**Fluent:** "He said to him, 'If you overlook these words'"
### Line 64