diff --git a/docs/reference/stdlibs/std/chain.md b/docs/reference/stdlibs/std/chain.md
index 6a1da6483fd..f3b2c6be0b8 100644
--- a/docs/reference/stdlibs/std/chain.md
+++ b/docs/reference/stdlibs/std/chain.md
@@ -4,18 +4,6 @@ id: chain
 
 # Chain-related
 
-## IsOriginCall
-```go
-func IsOriginCall() bool
-```
-Checks if the caller of the function is an EOA. Returns **true** if caller is an EOA, **false** otherwise.
-
-#### Usage
-```go
-if !std.IsOriginCall() {...}
-```
----
-
 ## AssertOriginCall
 ```go
 func AssertOriginCall()
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_0_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_0_filetest.gno
index 5a8c8d70a48..5cf750dfeb9 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_0_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_0_filetest.gno
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ package bank1
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/banktest"
 )
 
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ func main() {
 	// simulate a Deposit call. use Send + OrigSend to simulate -send.
 	banker.SendCoins(mainaddr, banktestAddr, std.Coins{{"ugnot", 100_000_000}})
 	std.TestSetOrigSend(std.Coins{{"ugnot", 100_000_000}}, nil)
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	res := banktest.Deposit("ugnot", 50_000_000)
 	println("Deposit():", res)
 
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_1_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_1_filetest.gno
index 39682d26330..f2cd6f33ca9 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_1_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_1_filetest.gno
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package bank1
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/banktest"
 )
 
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ func main() {
 	std.TestSetOrigPkgAddr(banktestAddr)
 	std.TestIssueCoins(banktestAddr, std.Coins{{"ugnot", 100000000}})
 	std.TestSetOrigSend(std.Coins{{"ugnot", 100000000}}, nil)
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	res := banktest.Deposit("ugnot", 101000000)
 	println(res)
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_2_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_2_filetest.gno
index e839f60354a..8511371823c 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_2_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_2_filetest.gno
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package bank1
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/banktest"
 )
 
@@ -26,6 +27,8 @@ func main() {
 	std.TestSetOrigPkgAddr(banktestAddr)
 	std.TestIssueCoins(banktestAddr, std.Coins{{"ugnot", 100000000}})
 	std.TestSetOrigSend(std.Coins{{"ugnot", 100000000}}, nil)
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	res := banktest.Deposit("ugnot", 55000000)
 	println("Deposit():", res)
 
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_3_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_3_filetest.gno
index 7b6758c3e4f..7bf2aea4f38 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_3_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/banktest/z_3_filetest.gno
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ func main() {
 	banker := std.GetBanker(std.BankerTypeRealmSend)
 	send := std.Coins{{"ugnot", 123}}
 	banker.SendCoins(banktestAddr, mainaddr, send)
-
 }
 
 // Error:
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/public.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/public.gno
index 1d26126fcb2..db545446641 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/public.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/public.gno
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func GetBoardIDFromName(name string) (BoardID, bool) {
 }
 
 func CreateBoard(name string) BoardID {
-	if !(std.IsOriginCall() || std.PrevRealm().IsUser()) {
+	if !std.PrevRealm().IsUser() {
 		panic("invalid non-user call")
 	}
 	bid := incGetBoardID()
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func checkAnonFee() bool {
 }
 
 func CreateThread(bid BoardID, title string, body string) PostID {
-	if !(std.IsOriginCall() || std.PrevRealm().IsUser()) {
+	if !std.PrevRealm().IsUser() {
 		panic("invalid non-user call")
 	}
 	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func CreateThread(bid BoardID, title string, body string) PostID {
 }
 
 func CreateReply(bid BoardID, threadid, postid PostID, body string) PostID {
-	if !(std.IsOriginCall() || std.PrevRealm().IsUser()) {
+	if !std.PrevRealm().IsUser() {
 		panic("invalid non-user call")
 	}
 	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func CreateReply(bid BoardID, threadid, postid PostID, body string) PostID {
 // If dstBoard is private, does not ping back.
 // If board specified by bid is private, panics.
 func CreateRepost(bid BoardID, postid PostID, title string, body string, dstBoardID BoardID) PostID {
-	if !(std.IsOriginCall() || std.PrevRealm().IsUser()) {
+	if !std.PrevRealm().IsUser() {
 		panic("invalid non-user call")
 	}
 	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func CreateRepost(bid BoardID, postid PostID, title string, body string, dstBoar
 }
 
 func DeletePost(bid BoardID, threadid, postid PostID, reason string) {
-	if !(std.IsOriginCall() || std.PrevRealm().IsUser()) {
+	if !std.PrevRealm().IsUser() {
 		panic("invalid non-user call")
 	}
 	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func DeletePost(bid BoardID, threadid, postid PostID, reason string) {
 }
 
 func EditPost(bid BoardID, threadid, postid PostID, title, body string) {
-	if !(std.IsOriginCall() || std.PrevRealm().IsUser()) {
+	if !std.PrevRealm().IsUser() {
 		panic("invalid non-user call")
 	}
 	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_a_filetest.gno
index 5e8ff520a54..297231970a5 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_a_filetest.gno
@@ -2,12 +2,17 @@
 package boards_test
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 )
 
 var bid boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
 	boards.CreateThread(bid, "First Post (title)", "Body of the first post. (body)")
 	pid := boards.CreateThread(bid, "Second Post (title)", "Body of the second post. (body)")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_b_filetest.gno
index 9bcbe9ffafa..4830161ac71 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 19900000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var bid boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_c_filetest.gno
index 99fd339aed8..d0b0930240d 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_c_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var bid boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	boards.CreateThread(1, "First Post (title)", "Body of the first post. (body)")
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_d_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_d_filetest.gno
index c77e60e3f3a..7e21f83febd 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_d_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_d_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var bid boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
 	boards.CreateReply(bid, 0, 0, "Reply of the second post")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_e_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_e_filetest.gno
index 6db036e87ba..bdf6d63727b 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_e_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_e_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var bid boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	boards.CreateReply(bid, 0, 0, "Reply of the second post")
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_filetest.gno
index a649895cb01..977c00e84a6 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_0_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 20000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var bid boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_a_filetest.gno
index ad57283bfcf..fc04555bf39 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_a_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -23,6 +27,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 	// boardId 2 not exist
 	boards.DeletePost(2, pid, pid, "")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_b_filetest.gno
index cf8a332174f..2353268ef54 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -25,6 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 	// pid of 2 not exist
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.DeletePost(bid, 2, 2, "")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_c_filetest.gno
index 7dd460500d6..c735213b09c 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_c_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ func init() {
 
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.DeletePost(bid, pid, rid, "")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_filetest.gno
index 8a6d11c79cf..e9324cec555 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_10_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -23,6 +27,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 	boards.DeletePost(bid, pid, pid, "")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_a_filetest.gno
index d7dc7b90782..b891e395fe6 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_a_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -25,6 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 	// board 2 not exist
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.EditPost(2, pid, pid, "Edited: First Post in (title)", "Edited: Body of the first post. (body)")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_b_filetest.gno
index 3aa28095502..9322ac191c5 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -25,6 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 	// thread 2 not exist
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.EditPost(bid, 2, pid, "Edited: First Post in (title)", "Edited: Body of the first post. (body)")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_c_filetest.gno
index df764303562..de4f828c1ca 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_c_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -25,6 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 	// post 2 not exist
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.EditPost(bid, pid, 2, "Edited: First Post in (title)", "Edited: Body of the first post. (body)")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_d_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_d_filetest.gno
index f64b4c84bba..b5619f86c5b 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_d_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_d_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ func init() {
 
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.EditPost(bid, pid, rid, "", "Edited: First reply of the First post\n")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_filetest.gno
index 3f56293b3bd..1a013d5db22 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_11_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -24,6 +28,8 @@ func init() {
 
 func main() {
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.EditPost(bid, pid, pid, "Edited: First Post in (title)", "Edited: Body of the first post. (body)")
 	println("----------------------------------------------------")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_a_filetest.gno
index 909be880efa..380e9bc09e0 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_a_filetest.gno
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// create a post via registered user
 	bid1 := boards.CreateBoard("test_board1")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_b_filetest.gno
index 6b2166895c0..553108df9b3 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	bid1 := boards.CreateBoard("test_board1")
 	pid := boards.CreateThread(bid1, "First Post (title)", "Body of the first post. (body)")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_c_filetest.gno
index 7397c487d7d..3b2e7ec04c0 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_c_filetest.gno
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	bid1 := boards.CreateBoard("test_board1")
 	boards.CreateThread(bid1, "First Post (title)", "Body of the first post. (body)")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_d_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_d_filetest.gno
index 37b6473f7ac..20818b05c0f 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_d_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_d_filetest.gno
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	bid1 := boards.CreateBoard("test_board1")
 	pid := boards.CreateThread(bid1, "First Post (title)", "Body of the first post. (body)")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_filetest.gno
index ac4adf6ee7b..fe7b58e9348 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_12_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -15,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid1 = boards.CreateBoard("test_board1")
@@ -23,6 +28,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	rid := boards.CreateRepost(bid1, pid, "", "Check this out", bid2)
 	println(rid)
 	println(boards.Render("test_board2"))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_1_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_1_filetest.gno
index 4d46c81b83d..6db254c661d 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_1_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_1_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var board *boards.Board
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	_ = boards.CreateBoard("test_board_1")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_2_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_2_filetest.gno
index 31b39644b24..0457a0b6b42 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_2_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_2_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_3_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_3_filetest.gno
index 0b2a2df2f91..cffeb9bc29e 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_3_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_3_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -24,6 +28,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	rid := boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, pid, "Reply of the second post")
 	println(rid)
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_4_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_4_filetest.gno
index c6cf6397b3a..c7b0223f012 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_4_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_4_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	rid2 := boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, pid, "Second reply of the second post")
 	println(rid2)
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_b_filetest.gno
index e79da5c3677..0ad15ca2600 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_b_filetest.gno
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1us8428u2a5satrlxzagqqa5m6vmuze025anjlj")
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// create board via registered user
 	bid := boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_c_filetest.gno
index 723e6a10204..3817595fb98 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_c_filetest.gno
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1us8428u2a5satrlxzagqqa5m6vmuze025anjlj")
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// create board via registered user
 	bid := boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_d_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_d_filetest.gno
index 54cfe49eec6..33175efd4f2 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_d_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_d_filetest.gno
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1us8428u2a5satrlxzagqqa5m6vmuze025anjlj")
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// create board via registered user
 	bid := boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_filetest.gno
index 712af483891..c5f33c497fd 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_5_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -25,6 +29,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	rid2 := boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, pid, "Second reply of the second post\n")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_6_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_6_filetest.gno
index ec40cf5f8e9..98bef7091b4 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_6_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_6_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, pid, "Second reply of the second post\n")
 	boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, rid, "First reply of the first reply\n")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_7_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_7_filetest.gno
index 353b84f6d87..d587447b193 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_7_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_7_filetest.gno
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	// register
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_8_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_8_filetest.gno
index 4896dfcfccf..33edb30a391 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_8_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_8_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	bid = boards.CreateBoard("test_board")
@@ -26,6 +30,8 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, pid, "Second reply of the second post\n")
 	rid2 := boards.CreateReply(bid, pid, rid, "First reply of the first reply\n")
 	println(boards.Render("test_board/" + strconv.Itoa(int(pid)) + "/" + strconv.Itoa(int(rid2))))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_a_filetest.gno
index 8d07ba0e710..79f68f20200 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_a_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var dstBoard boards.BoardID
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	dstBoard = boards.CreateBoard("dst_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_b_filetest.gno
index 68daf770b4f..703557cf476 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -14,6 +17,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	srcBoard = boards.CreateBoard("first_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_filetest.gno
index ca37e306bda..d7f8adeda30 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/boards/z_9_filetest.gno
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ package boards_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/boards"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -17,6 +19,8 @@ var (
 )
 
 func init() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 
 	firstBoard = boards.CreateBoard("first_board")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_a_filetest.gno
index 49ebb5219ec..fa27b89e43f 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_a_filetest.gno
@@ -2,12 +2,17 @@
 package groups_test
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 )
 
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	test := testutils.TestAddress("test")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test))
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
 	println(groups.Render(""))
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_b_filetest.gno
index 6d328825dd6..951e3c1c31c 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_b_filetest.gno
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 package groups_test
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -9,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	test := testutils.TestAddress("test")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_c_filetest.gno
index 60600e38b78..f6c7d8b15f0 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_0_c_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package groups_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	test := testutils.TestAddress("test")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_a_filetest.gno
index 71da1b966ec..0044bff871f 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_a_filetest.gno
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ var gid groups.GroupID
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser0", "my profile 1")
 
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_b_filetest.gno
index 31a036d4e41..e2aad8d0432 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package groups_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	test := testutils.TestAddress("test")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_c_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_c_filetest.gno
index 6eaabb07cdf..d6269f22160 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_c_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_1_c_filetest.gno
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	test := testutils.TestAddress("test")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test))
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
 
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_a_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_a_filetest.gno
index 0c482e1b52f..64540ff396c 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_a_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_a_filetest.gno
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ var gid groups.GroupID
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser0", "my profile 1")
 
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_b_filetest.gno
index fd8e485f16f..d6e09d6a404 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_b_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package groups_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_d_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_d_filetest.gno
index 3caa726cbd3..7aeebbade21 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_d_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_d_filetest.gno
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_e_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_e_filetest.gno
index ff38acf45a4..81da8059496 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_e_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_e_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package groups_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_f_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_f_filetest.gno
index 4fddb768e08..5d7ee304ac7 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_f_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_f_filetest.gno
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ package groups_test
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/groups"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_g_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_g_filetest.gno
index 6230b110c74..6faf70d0064 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_g_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/groups/z_2_g_filetest.gno
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import (
 var gid groups.GroupID
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	gid = groups.CreateGroup("test_group")
 	println(gid)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/subtests/subtests.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/subtests/subtests.gno
index 6bf43cba5eb..5043c704017 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/subtests/subtests.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/subtests/subtests.gno
@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ func CallAssertOriginCall() {
 }
 
 func CallIsOriginCall() bool {
-	return std.IsOriginCall()
+	return std.PrevRealm().IsUser()
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests.gno
index e7fde94ea08..cdeea62de66 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests.gno
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func CallAssertOriginCall() {
 }
 
 func CallIsOriginCall() bool {
-	return std.IsOriginCall()
+	return std.PrevRealm().IsUser()
 }
 
 func CallSubtestsAssertOriginCall() {
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests_test.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests_test.gno
index ccbc6b91265..fa3872744c8 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests_test.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/tests/tests_test.gno
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
-package tests
+package tests_test
 
 import (
 	"std"
 	"testing"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
+	"gno.land/r/demo/tests"
 )
 
 func TestAssertOriginCall(t *testing.T) {
 	// CallAssertOriginCall(): no panic
-	CallAssertOriginCall()
-	if !CallIsOriginCall() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	tests.CallAssertOriginCall()
+	if !tests.CallIsOriginCall() {
 		t.Errorf("expected IsOriginCall=true but got false")
 	}
 
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewCodeRealm("gno.land/r/demo/tests"))
 	// CallAssertOriginCall() from a block: panic
 	expectedReason := "invalid non-origin call"
 	func() {
@@ -23,10 +29,10 @@ func TestAssertOriginCall(t *testing.T) {
 		}()
 		// if called inside a function literal, this is no longer an origin call
 		// because there's one additional frame (the function literal block).
-		if CallIsOriginCall() {
+		if tests.CallIsOriginCall() {
 			t.Errorf("expected IsOriginCall=false but got true")
 		}
-		CallAssertOriginCall()
+		tests.CallAssertOriginCall()
 	}()
 
 	// CallSubtestsAssertOriginCall(): panic
@@ -36,23 +42,24 @@ func TestAssertOriginCall(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("expected panic with '%v', got '%v'", expectedReason, r)
 		}
 	}()
-	if CallSubtestsIsOriginCall() {
+	if tests.CallSubtestsIsOriginCall() {
 		t.Errorf("expected IsOriginCall=false but got true")
 	}
-	CallSubtestsAssertOriginCall()
+	tests.CallSubtestsAssertOriginCall()
 }
 
 func TestPrevRealm(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
-		user1Addr  = std.DerivePkgAddr("user1.gno")
+		firstRealm = std.DerivePkgAddr("gno.land/r/demo/tests_test")
 		rTestsAddr = std.DerivePkgAddr("gno.land/r/demo/tests")
 	)
-	// When a single realm in the frames, PrevRealm returns the user
-	if addr := GetPrevRealm().Addr(); addr != user1Addr {
-		t.Errorf("want GetPrevRealm().Addr==%s, got %s", user1Addr, addr)
+	// When only one realm in the frames, PrevRealm returns the same realm
+	if addr := tests.GetPrevRealm().Addr(); addr != firstRealm {
+		println(tests.GetPrevRealm())
+		t.Errorf("want GetPrevRealm().Addr==%s, got %s", firstRealm, addr)
 	}
 	// When 2 or more realms in the frames, PrevRealm returns the second to last
-	if addr := GetRSubtestsPrevRealm().Addr(); addr != rTestsAddr {
+	if addr := tests.GetRSubtestsPrevRealm().Addr(); addr != rTestsAddr {
 		t.Errorf("want GetRSubtestsPrevRealm().Addr==%s, got %s", rTestsAddr, addr)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_b_filetest.gno
index c33edc32985..2d94596730d 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_b_filetest.gno
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@ package main
 // SEND: 19900000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	println("done")
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_filetest.gno
index cbb2e9209f4..5b0e3108660 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_0_filetest.gno
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ package main
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	std.TestSetOrigSend(std.Coins{std.NewCoin("dontcare", 1)}, nil)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	println("done")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_10_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_10_filetest.gno
index afeecffcc42..fc5d0b200da 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_10_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_10_filetest.gno
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func init() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	test2 := testutils.TestAddress("test2")
 	// as admin, invite gnouser and test2
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ func init() {
 func main() {
 	// register as test2
 	test2 := testutils.TestAddress("test2")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test2))
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(test2)
 	users.Register(admin, "test222", "my profile 2")
 	println("done")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11_filetest.gno
index 27c7e9813da..6d7bb0f6ef6 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11_filetest.gno
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ package main
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
 	users.AdminAddRestrictedName("superrestricted")
 
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11b_filetest.gno
index be508963911..b34a83bfc3b 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_11b_filetest.gno
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ package main
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
 	// add restricted name
 	users.AdminAddRestrictedName("superrestricted")
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_12_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_12_filetest.gno
index 0fb7d27bd34..6e5f659e938 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_12_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_12_filetest.gno
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ package main
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	users.Register("", "alicia", "my profile")
 
 	{
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_1_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_1_filetest.gno
index 504a0c7c3f9..430488d96ee 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_1_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_1_filetest.gno
@@ -3,10 +3,16 @@ package main
 // SEND: 200000000ugnot
 
 import (
+	"std"
+
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 func main() {
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	println("done")
 }
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_2_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_2_filetest.gno
index c1b92790f8b..60b2002ee70 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_2_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_2_filetest.gno
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_3_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_3_filetest.gno
index 5402235e03d..f454b4c00fb 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_3_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_3_filetest.gno
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_4_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_4_filetest.gno
index 613fadf9625..749f44ce6c6 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_4_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_4_filetest.gno
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_5_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_5_filetest.gno
index 6465cc9c378..47aac3bb2af 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_5_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_5_filetest.gno
@@ -12,18 +12,23 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(admin))
 	users.GrantInvites(caller.String() + ":1")
 	// switch back to caller
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
 	// invite another addr
 	test1 := testutils.TestAddress("test1")
 	users.Invite(test1.String())
 	// switch to test1
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(test1)
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(test1))
 	std.TestSetOrigSend(std.Coins{{"dontcare", 1}}, nil)
 	users.Register(caller, "satoshi", "my other profile")
 	println(users.Render(""))
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ func main() {
 // ========================================
 // ## user gnouser
 //
-//  * address = g1wymu47drhr0kuq2098m792lytgtj2nyx77yrsm
+//  * address = g1vdskcmr9wf047h6lta047h6lta047h6lq5m7fe
 //  * 9 invites
 //
 // my profile
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ func main() {
 //
 //  * address = g1w3jhxap3ta047h6lta047h6lta047h6l4mfnm7
 //  * 0 invites
-//  * invited by g1wymu47drhr0kuq2098m792lytgtj2nyx77yrsm
+//  * invited by g1vdskcmr9wf047h6lta047h6lta047h6lq5m7fe
 //
 // my other profile
 //
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_6_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_6_filetest.gno
index 919088088a2..ac19a49b615 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_6_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_6_filetest.gno
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@ package main
 import (
 	"std"
 
+	"gno.land/p/demo/testutils"
 	"gno.land/r/demo/users"
 )
 
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller()
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(admin))
 	// as admin, grant invites to unregistered user.
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
 	users.GrantInvites(caller.String() + ":1")
@@ -17,4 +19,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// invalid user g1wymu47drhr0kuq2098m792lytgtj2nyx77yrsm
+// invalid user g1vdskcmr9wf047h6lta047h6lta047h6lq5m7fe
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7_filetest.gno
index 1d3c9e3a917..bac1f6df744 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7_filetest.gno
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7b_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7b_filetest.gno
index 09c15bb135d..f549531717c 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7b_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_7b_filetest.gno
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_8_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_8_filetest.gno
index 78fada74a71..d2e94c62554 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_8_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_8_filetest.gno
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	users.Register("", "gnouser", "my profile")
 	// as admin, grant invites to gnouser
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_9_filetest.gno b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_9_filetest.gno
index c73c685aebd..d2895f0b729 100644
--- a/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_9_filetest.gno
+++ b/examples/gno.land/r/demo/users/z_9_filetest.gno
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import (
 const admin = std.Address("g1manfred47kzduec920z88wfr64ylksmdcedlf5")
 
 func main() {
-	caller := std.GetOrigCaller() // main
+	caller := testutils.TestAddress("caller")
+	std.TestSetRealm(std.NewUserRealm(caller))
+	std.TestSetOrigCaller(caller)
 	test2 := testutils.TestAddress("test2")
 	// as admin, invite gnouser and test2
 	std.TestSetOrigCaller(admin)
diff --git a/gnovm/cmd/gno/testdata/transpile/valid_transpile_file.txtar b/gnovm/cmd/gno/testdata/transpile/valid_transpile_file.txtar
index 86cc6f12f7a..b79e7f9a0bc 100644
--- a/gnovm/cmd/gno/testdata/transpile/valid_transpile_file.txtar
+++ b/gnovm/cmd/gno/testdata/transpile/valid_transpile_file.txtar
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ package main
 import "std"
 
 func hello() {
-	std.AssertOriginCall()
+	std.GetChainID()
 }
 
 -- main.gno.gen.go.golden --
@@ -61,5 +61,5 @@ package main
 import "github.com/gnolang/gno/gnovm/stdlibs/std"
 
 func hello() {
-	std.AssertOriginCall(nil)
+	std.GetChainID(nil)
 }
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/transpiler/transpiler_test.go b/gnovm/pkg/transpiler/transpiler_test.go
index 2a0707f7f79..63b77e49446 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/transpiler/transpiler_test.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/transpiler/transpiler_test.go
@@ -344,13 +344,13 @@ func Float32bits(i float32) uint32
 
 func testfunc() {
 	println(Float32bits(3.14159))
-	std.AssertOriginCall()
+	std.GetChainID()
 }
 
 func otherFunc() {
 	std := 1
 	// This is (incorrectly) changed for now.
-	std.AssertOriginCall()
+	std.GetChainID()
 }
 `,
 			expectedOutput: `
@@ -363,13 +363,13 @@ import "github.com/gnolang/gno/gnovm/stdlibs/std"
 
 func testfunc() {
 	println(Float32bits(3.14159))
-	std.AssertOriginCall(nil)
+	std.GetChainID(nil)
 }
 
 func otherFunc() {
 	std := 1
 	// This is (incorrectly) changed for now.
-	std.AssertOriginCall(nil)
+	std.GetChainID(nil)
 }
 `,
 			expectedImports: []*ast.ImportSpec{
@@ -388,11 +388,11 @@ func otherFunc() {
 			source: `
 package std
 
-func AssertOriginCall()
+func GetChainID()
 func origCaller() string
 
 func testfunc() {
-	AssertOriginCall()
+	GetChainID()
 	println(origCaller())
 }
 `,
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ func testfunc() {
 package std
 
 func testfunc() {
-	AssertOriginCall(nil)
+	GetChainID(nil)
 	println(X_origCaller(nil))
 }
 `,
diff --git a/gnovm/stdlibs/generated.go b/gnovm/stdlibs/generated.go
index 67b492a34b2..90ef55a5315 100644
--- a/gnovm/stdlibs/generated.go
+++ b/gnovm/stdlibs/generated.go
@@ -416,38 +416,6 @@ var nativeFuncs = [...]NativeFunc{
 				p0, p1)
 		},
 	},
-	{
-		"std",
-		"AssertOriginCall",
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{},
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{},
-		true,
-		func(m *gno.Machine) {
-			libs_std.AssertOriginCall(
-				m,
-			)
-		},
-	},
-	{
-		"std",
-		"IsOriginCall",
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{},
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{
-			{Name: gno.N("r0"), Type: gno.X("bool")},
-		},
-		true,
-		func(m *gno.Machine) {
-			r0 := libs_std.IsOriginCall(
-				m,
-			)
-
-			m.PushValue(gno.Go2GnoValue(
-				m.Alloc,
-				m.Store,
-				reflect.ValueOf(&r0).Elem(),
-			))
-		},
-	},
 	{
 		"std",
 		"GetChainID",
diff --git a/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.gno b/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.gno
index 0dcde1148e1..493ade7800e 100644
--- a/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.gno
+++ b/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.gno
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 package std
 
-// AssertOriginCall panics if [IsOriginCall] returns false.
-func AssertOriginCall() // injected
-
-// IsOriginCall returns true only if the calling method is invoked via a direct
-// MsgCall. It returns false for all other cases, like if the calling method
+// AssertOriginCall panics if the calling method is not invoked via a direct
+// MsgCall. It doesn't panic for any other cases, like if the calling method
 // is invoked by another method (even from the same realm or package).
-// It also returns false every time when the transaction is broadcasted via
+// It also doesn't panic every time when the transaction is broadcasted via
 // MsgRun.
-func IsOriginCall() bool // injected
+func AssertOriginCall() {
+	if !PrevRealm().IsUser() {
+		panic("invalid non-origin call")
+	}
+}
 
 func GetChainID() string     // injected
 func GetChainDomain() string // injected
diff --git a/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.go b/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.go
index fb181d9be31..b32d29c0010 100644
--- a/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.go
+++ b/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native.go
@@ -7,22 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gnolang/gno/tm2/pkg/std"
 )
 
-func AssertOriginCall(m *gno.Machine) {
-	if !IsOriginCall(m) {
-		m.Panic(typedString("invalid non-origin call"))
-	}
-}
-
-func IsOriginCall(m *gno.Machine) bool {
-	n := m.NumFrames()
-	if n == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	firstPkg := m.Frames[0].LastPackage
-	isMsgCall := firstPkg != nil && firstPkg.PkgPath == "main"
-	return n <= 2 && isMsgCall
-}
-
 func GetChainID(m *gno.Machine) string {
 	return GetContext(m).ChainID
 }
diff --git a/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native_test.go b/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 851785575d7..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/stdlibs/std/native_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-package std
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-
-	gno "github.com/gnolang/gno/gnovm/pkg/gnolang"
-	"github.com/gnolang/gno/tm2/pkg/crypto"
-)
-
-func TestPrevRealmIsOrigin(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		user = gno.DerivePkgAddr("user1.gno").Bech32()
-		ctx  = ExecContext{
-			OrigCaller: user,
-		}
-		msgCallFrame = &gno.Frame{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "main"}}
-		msgRunFrame  = &gno.Frame{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/g1337/run"}}
-	)
-	tests := []struct {
-		name                 string
-		machine              *gno.Machine
-		expectedAddr         crypto.Bech32Address
-		expectedPkgPath      string
-		expectedIsOriginCall bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "no frames",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames:  []*gno.Frame{},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one frame w/o LastPackage",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					{LastPackage: nil},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one package frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one realm frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one msgCall frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					msgCallFrame,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one msgRun frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					msgRunFrame,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one package frame and one msgCall frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					msgCallFrame,
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one realm frame and one msgCall frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					msgCallFrame,
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one package frame and one msgRun frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					msgRunFrame,
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "one realm frame and one msgRun frame",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					msgRunFrame,
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "multiple frames with one realm",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/xxx"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/xxx"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         user,
-			expectedPkgPath:      "",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "multiple frames with multiple realms",
-			machine: &gno.Machine{
-				Context: ctx,
-				Frames: []*gno.Frame{
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/zzz"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/zzz"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/yyy"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/yyy"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/p/xxx"}},
-					{LastPackage: &gno.PackageValue{PkgPath: "gno.land/r/xxx"}},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedAddr:         gno.DerivePkgAddr("gno.land/r/yyy").Bech32(),
-			expectedPkgPath:      "gno.land/r/yyy",
-			expectedIsOriginCall: false,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert := assert.New(t)
-
-			addr, pkgPath := X_getRealm(tt.machine, 1)
-			isOrigin := IsOriginCall(tt.machine)
-
-			assert.Equal(string(tt.expectedAddr), addr)
-			assert.Equal(tt.expectedPkgPath, pkgPath)
-			assert.Equal(tt.expectedIsOriginCall, isOrigin)
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/std5.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/std5.gno
index e339d7a6364..926fb87f95b 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/std5.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/std5.gno
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ func main() {
 
 // Stacktrace:
 // panic: frame not found
-// callerAt<VPBlock(3,48)>(n<VPBlock(1,0)>)
+// callerAt<VPBlock(3,47)>(n<VPBlock(1,0)>)
 //     gonative:std.callerAt
 // std<VPBlock(2,0)>.GetCallerAt(2)
-//     std/native.gno:45
+//     std/native.gno:46
 // main<VPBlock(1,0)>()
 //     main/files/std5.gno:10
 
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/std8.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/std8.gno
index ee717bf16be..0bba25a0eb9 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/std8.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/std8.gno
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ func main() {
 
 // Stacktrace:
 // panic: frame not found
-// callerAt<VPBlock(3,48)>(n<VPBlock(1,0)>)
+// callerAt<VPBlock(3,47)>(n<VPBlock(1,0)>)
 //     gonative:std.callerAt
 // std<VPBlock(2,0)>.GetCallerAt(4)
-//     std/native.gno:45
+//     std/native.gno:46
 // fn<VPBlock(1,0)>()
 //     main/files/std8.gno:16
 // testutils<VPBlock(2,1)>.WrapCall(inner<VPBlock(3,0)>)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/std9.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/std9.gno
index 95ccfb2c8a4..2f9f848ec5d 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/std9.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/std9.gno
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Output:
-// invalid non-origin call
+// undefined
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/zrealm_natbind0.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/zrealm_natbind0.gno
index 8e5f641e734..3b7e2b5217e 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/zrealm_natbind0.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/zrealm_natbind0.gno
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func main() {
 //                 "Closure": {
 //                     "@type": "/gno.RefValue",
 //                     "Escaped": true,
-//                     "ObjectID": "a7f5397443359ea76c50be82c77f1f893a060925:9"
+//                     "ObjectID": "a7f5397443359ea76c50be82c77f1f893a060925:8"
 //                 },
 //                 "FileName": "native.gno",
 //                 "IsMethod": false,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func main() {
 //                     "Location": {
 //                         "Column": "1",
 //                         "File": "native.gno",
-//                         "Line": "13",
+//                         "Line": "14",
 //                         "PkgPath": "std"
 //                     }
 //                 },
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/generated.go b/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/generated.go
index db5ecdec05d..14575fad4ab 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/generated.go
+++ b/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/generated.go
@@ -31,38 +31,6 @@ func (n *NativeFunc) HasMachineParam() bool {
 }
 
 var nativeFuncs = [...]NativeFunc{
-	{
-		"std",
-		"AssertOriginCall",
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{},
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{},
-		true,
-		func(m *gno.Machine) {
-			testlibs_std.AssertOriginCall(
-				m,
-			)
-		},
-	},
-	{
-		"std",
-		"IsOriginCall",
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{},
-		[]gno.FieldTypeExpr{
-			{Name: gno.N("r0"), Type: gno.X("bool")},
-		},
-		true,
-		func(m *gno.Machine) {
-			r0 := testlibs_std.IsOriginCall(
-				m,
-			)
-
-			m.PushValue(gno.Go2GnoValue(
-				m.Alloc,
-				m.Store,
-				reflect.ValueOf(&r0).Elem(),
-			))
-		},
-	},
 	{
 		"std",
 		"TestSkipHeights",
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.gno b/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.gno
index dcb5a64dbb3..a8695e149a6 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.gno
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 package std
 
-func AssertOriginCall()           // injected
-func IsOriginCall() bool          // injected
 func TestSkipHeights(count int64) // injected
 
 func TestSetOrigCaller(addr Address)  { testSetOrigCaller(string(addr)) }
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.go b/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.go
index 675194b252f..f9b4a3bea81 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.go
+++ b/gnovm/tests/stdlibs/std/std.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package std
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
 
 	gno "github.com/gnolang/gno/gnovm/pkg/gnolang"
 	"github.com/gnolang/gno/gnovm/stdlibs/std"
@@ -25,43 +24,12 @@ type RealmOverride struct {
 	PkgPath string
 }
 
-func AssertOriginCall(m *gno.Machine) {
-	if !IsOriginCall(m) {
-		m.Panic(typedString("invalid non-origin call"))
-	}
-}
-
 func typedString(s gno.StringValue) gno.TypedValue {
 	tv := gno.TypedValue{T: gno.StringType}
 	tv.SetString(s)
 	return tv
 }
 
-func IsOriginCall(m *gno.Machine) bool {
-	tname := m.Frames[0].Func.Name
-	switch tname {
-	case "main": // test is a _filetest
-		// 0. main
-		// 1. $RealmFuncName
-		// 2. std.IsOriginCall
-		return len(m.Frames) == 3
-	case "RunTest": // test is a _test
-		// 0. testing.RunTest
-		// 1. tRunner
-		// 2. $TestFuncName
-		// 3. $RealmFuncName
-		// 4. std.IsOriginCall
-		return len(m.Frames) == 5
-	}
-	// support init() in _filetest
-	// XXX do we need to distinguish from 'runtest'/_test?
-	// XXX pretty hacky even if not.
-	if strings.HasPrefix(string(tname), "init.") {
-		return len(m.Frames) == 3
-	}
-	panic("unable to determine if test is a _test or a _filetest")
-}
-
 func TestSkipHeights(m *gno.Machine, count int64) {
 	ctx := m.Context.(*TestExecContext)
 	ctx.Height += count