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Glossary

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Author
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Cameron Thompson

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Ecological Forecasting Cyberinfrastructure Terms

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Abstraction

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The process of focusing on the design of the IT system architecture and how components relate to one another. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Accessibility

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Availability of software and data in a public location with complete metadata, and the protocols to use, install, implement, and employ them shared. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Algorithms

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A set of rules designed to solve a computational problem. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

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Tools for programmatically interacting with data online. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Assistance for Land-surface Modelling activities (ALMA)

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A data convention that ensures consistency in naming, unit, and sign standards for variable exchange in model-data activities. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Benchmarking

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Assessing a model’s skill based on a priori performance expectations. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Comma-separated values (CSV)

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Text files using commas to separate values. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Cyberinfrastructure

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IT systems with components for data storage and advanced informatics for simulating natural phenomena and scientific interpretation. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Data assimilation

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Combining model predictions with observations to update system understanding. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Database

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Electronic systems that store and organize data and metadata. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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FAIR

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Findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. Reference: Wilkinson et al., 2016, as cited in Dietze et al., 2023.

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Findability

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The ease of discovering data and software. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Internet of Things (IoT)

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Network of interconnected sensors and smart devices for automated environmental monitoring. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Interoperability

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The ability of software to work with other products. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Metadata

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Descriptive data providing documentation about other data or software. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs)

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Multi-institutional efforts for model evaluation and benchmarking. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Network Common Data From (NetCDF)

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A file format for storing array-oriented scientific data and metadata. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Ontologies

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Standardized collections of terms. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Open file format

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A file format without restrictions on use by any software. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Provenance

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Historical information of all analysis steps and components. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Repository

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Online storage for hosting software and code with related documentation. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Reusability

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The versatility of data and software in different settings. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Scheduler

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Software for managing scientific workflows periodically. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Software container

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An application package with dependencies for code execution. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Workflow

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Computational tasks executed in sequence with data flow. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Virtual machines

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Software providing basic OS functionality in a contained environment. Reference: Fer et al., 2021.

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Terms from Hendry 2023, “Prediction in Ecology and Evolution”

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Hypothesis

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An expectation on system workings for testable predictions. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Prediction

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Formal assertion about a state or outcome before it is known. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Expectation

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A weaker form of prediction with higher uncertainty. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Question

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Inquiry about system information for generating predictions. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Predictable

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A precise and accurate state or outcome given adequate system knowledge. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Prophecy (prediction as …)

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A formal prediction about the future state of a system. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Diagnosis (prediction as …)

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A formal prediction about the current state of a system. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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History (prediction as…)

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A formal prediction about the past state of a system. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Repeatability (prediction as …)

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Phenomena that are repeatable could also be predictable with sufficient knowledge. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Fate (prediction as …)

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When evidence suggests an outcome is inevitable. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Parallel or convergent (in the sense of evolution)

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Cases where evolution generates similar outcomes under similar conditions. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Forecasting

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Using past or present data to predict the future. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Hindcasting

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Using current or past data to predict another past state. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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Uncertainty

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The level of confidence in a prediction or outcome test. Reference: Hendry 2023.

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