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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.9.0"><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" name="viewport"><meta content="yes" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable"><meta content="black-translucent" name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style"><meta content="telephone=no" name="format-detection"><meta name="description" content><title>go教程-GOPATH配置与本地教程安装 | zhiheng's blog</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/style.css?v=1.0.0"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/normalize.css/normalize.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss/build/pure-min.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss/build/grids-responsive-min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/css/font-awesome.min.css"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script><link rel="icon" mask sizes="any" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="Shortcut Icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/codeseven/toastr/build/toastr.min.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/codeseven/toastr/build/toastr.min.css"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><h1 class="hidden">go教程-GOPATH配置与本地教程安装</h1><a id="logo" href="/.">zhiheng's blog</a><p class="description">喜于分享，勤于积累；欢迎关注我的微信公众号：治恒说说</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/."><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/about/"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="/demo/"><i class="fa fa-square"> 有趣的代码</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title">go教程-GOPATH配置与本地教程安装</h1><div class="post-meta">2017年09月07日<script src="https://busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js" async></script><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span> 阅读</span></span></div><div class="post-content"><blockquote>
<p>贵有恒，何必三更起五更眠。最无益，只怕一日曝十日寒。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>今天来学习 GOPATH 环境变量配置与工作空间，下一节将会学习到 GO 的一些常用命令。</p>
<h2 id="GOPATH-配置"><a href="#GOPATH-配置" class="headerlink" title="GOPATH 配置"></a>GOPATH 配置</h2><p>go 命令依赖一个重要的环境变量：$GOPATH </p>
<p>在类似 Unix 环境大概这样设置： <code>sh export GOPATH=/home/apple/mygo</code><br>Windows 设置如下，新建一个环境变量名称叫做 GOPATH： <code>GOPATH=c:\mygo</code> GOPATH允许多个目录，当有多个目录时，请注意分隔符，Windows是分号，Linux系统是冒号。当有多个 GOPATH 时，默认会将 go get 的内容放在第一个目录下</p>
<p>$GOPATH 目录约定有三个子目录：</p>
<ul>
<li>src 存放源代码（比如：.go .c .h .s等）</li>
<li>pkg 编译后生成的文件（比如：.a）</li>
<li>bin 编译后生成的可执行文件（为了方便，可以把此目录加入到 $PATH 变量中）</li>
</ul>
<p>GOPATH 是一些列用于go来查找包的目录列表. 使用 import “包名” 的时候, 如果在 GOROOT 里找不到, 应该会转向到你的 GOPATH 里去寻找.</p>
<p>注：GOPATH 和 GOROOT 不要设置在同一目录下，是因为不想你新安装的包, 污染了核心 go 的 pkg 和 src 文件。</p>
<h2 id="应用目录"><a href="#应用目录" class="headerlink" title="应用目录"></a>应用目录</h2><p>一般的，新建应用或者代码包时，都是在 src 目录下新建一个文件夹，文件夹的名称就是包名称，也可以有多级目录，例如：在 src 目录下新建了 $GOPATH/src/github.com/shure/mymath，那么这个包的路径就是<code>github.com/shure/mymath</code>，包名称是最后一级目录 <code>mymath</code></p>
<p>然后在 github.com/shure/mymath 下新建文件 <code>sqrt.go</code> 内容如下<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> mymath</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">Sqrt</span><span class="params">(x <span class="keyword">float64</span>)</span> <span class="title">float64</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> z := <span class="number">0.0</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> i := <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">1000</span>; i++ {</span><br><span class="line"> z -= (z*z - x) / (<span class="number">2</span> * x)</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> z</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>这样我们就创建了一个 mymath 的包，建议 package 的名称和目录名保持一致。</p>
<h2 id="编译应用"><a href="#编译应用" class="headerlink" title="编译应用"></a>编译应用</h2><p>编译应用 GO 提供了两种方式</p>
<p>1、进入对应的应用包目录，执行 go install 就可以安装了。</p>
<p>2、在任意目录执行 go install mymath</p>
<p>安装之后进入 pkg 目录下就可以看到 mymath.a 的文件，这个 .a 文件就是应用包。接下来我们来调用它：</p>
<p>新建应用 mathapp/main.go ,内容如下：<br><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"github.com/shure/mymath"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> {</span><br><span class="line"> fmt.Printf(<span class="string">"Sqrt(2) = %v\n"</span>, mymath.Sqrt(<span class="number">2</span>))</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>然后进入该目录执行 <code>go build</code> 命令，就会在该目录下面生成一个 mathapp 可执行的文件，Linux 下运行 <code>sh ./mathapp</code>, Windows 下运行 <code>./mathapp.exe</code> 就会输出 <code>Sqrt(2) = 1.414213562373095</code> 。</p>
<p>继续执行 <code>go install</code> 命令安装，这时就会在 $GOPATH/bin/ 目录下生成一个 mathapp 的可执行文件，同样可以运行它，以 Windows 为例：<code>./mathapp.exe</code> 并打印 <code>Sqrt(2) = 1.414213562373095</code></p>
<h2 id="获取远程包"><a href="#获取远程包" class="headerlink" title="获取远程包"></a>获取远程包</h2><p>GO 提供了一个获取远程包的工具 <code>go get</code> ,目前go get支持多数开源社区(例如：<br>github、googlecode、bitbucket、Launchpad)</p>
<p>注意：使用这个命令必须安装对应开源平台的源码控制工具，例如：github 使用 git ，googlecode 使用 hg。</p>
<p>我们可以使用这个工具来获取 GO 官方提供的教程，安装至本地方便查阅，这对于国内用户来说是非常必要的。中文版教程 github 地址 <a href="https://github.com/Go-zh/tour" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/Go-zh/tour</a> </p>
<p>直接在你 $GOPATH 的目录下运行 <code>$ go get -u github.com/Go-zh/tour/gotour</code> 等安装完成之后，会在 $GOPATH/bin 目录下生成一个 gotour 的可执行文件，运行该文件就会在你默认浏览器中打开教程。若你想安装该教程的英文版，直接执行 <code>go tool tour</code> 命令即可安装。</p>
<p>go get 本质上可以理解为首先第一步是通过源码工具 clone 代码到 src 下面，然后执行 go install 在代码中如何使用远程包，很简单的就是和使用本地包一样，只要在开头 import 相应的路径就可以 <code>import "github.com/shure/mymath"</code>.</p>
<h2 id="应用目录结构"><a href="#应用目录结构" class="headerlink" title="应用目录结构"></a>应用目录结构</h2><p>上面例子的目录结构</p>
<figure class="highlight ada"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$GOPATH</span><br><span class="line"> bin</span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--mathapp.exe</span></span><br><span class="line"> pkg</span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--windows_amd64 // 相应平台</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--github.com</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--shure</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--mymath.a</span></span><br><span class="line"> src</span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--github.com</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--Go-zh</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--shure</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--mathapp</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--main.go </span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--mymath</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--sqrt.go</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--hello</span></span><br><span class="line"> |<span class="comment">--hello.go</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="参考与相关链接"><a href="#参考与相关链接" class="headerlink" title="参考与相关链接"></a>参考与相关链接</h2><p>参阅书籍：《Go Web 编程》</p>
<p>go 官方教程：<a href="https://tour.golang.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://tour.golang.org</a></p>
<p>go 中文版教程本地安装：<a href="https://github.com/Go-zh/tour" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/Go-zh/tour</a></p>
<p>go 中文版教程：<a href="http://tour.go-zh.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://tour.go-zh.org</a></p>
<p>本教程 github 地址：<a href="https://github.com/dddreams/go-tutorial" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/dddreams/go-tutorial</a></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;margin:20 0;">如果觉得文章对你有用，转发、分享、赞赏才是真爱 [斜眼笑]</p>
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