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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 3.9.0"><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0" name="viewport"><meta content="yes" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable"><meta content="black-translucent" name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style"><meta content="telephone=no" name="format-detection"><meta name="description" content><title>听说Kotlin比Java更优雅 | zhiheng's blog</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/style.css?v=1.0.0"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/normalize.css/normalize.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss/build/pure-min.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/purecss/build/grids-responsive-min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/css/font-awesome.min.css"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script><link rel="icon" mask sizes="any" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="Shortcut Icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml"><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/codeseven/toastr/build/toastr.min.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/codeseven/toastr/build/toastr.min.css"></head><body><div class="body_container"><div id="header"><div class="site-name"><h1 class="hidden">听说Kotlin比Java更优雅</h1><a id="logo" href="/.">zhiheng's blog</a><p class="description">喜于分享，勤于积累；欢迎关注我的微信公众号：治恒说说</p></div><div id="nav-menu"><a class="current" href="/."><i class="fa fa-home"> 首页</i></a><a href="/archives/"><i class="fa fa-archive"> 归档</i></a><a href="/about/"><i class="fa fa-user"> 关于</i></a><a href="/demo/"><i class="fa fa-square"> 有趣的代码</i></a></div></div><div class="pure-g" id="layout"><div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-md-3-4"><div class="content_container"><div class="post"><h1 class="post-title">听说Kotlin比Java更优雅</h1><div class="post-meta">2017年05月19日<script src="https://busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js" async></script><span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"> | <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span> 阅读</span></span></div><div class="post-content"><p>一夜之间 Kotlin 变得比 Java 更优雅了，也许是自己太 low 了，之前还没听过 Kotlin 这个语言呢。然而，从昨天开始 Kotlin 的教程、文档、博客就在各大论坛火热了起来，原因是 18 号的 Google IO 大会，大会的亮点我就在不罗嗦了，微博、公众号上都已经传遍了，Kotlin 就是其中的亮点之一，Google 把 Kotlin 作为 Android 开发的官方语言，并在 Android Studio 3.0 默认集成 Kotlin plug-in。在我看来 Kotlin 有 Google，Android 的撑腰，相信不会死的很快。</p>
<p>那么，我们就来看看 Kotlin 是不是比 Java 更优雅呢</p>
<p>Kotlin 是一个基于 JVM 的编程语言，由 JetBrains 开发，它可以编译成 Java 字节码，也可以编译成 JavaScript ，方便在没有 JVM 的设备上运行，是一种兼容 Java 的语言，类似于 Scala ，曾经有人试图用 Scala 来开发 Android 应用，但是确实非常头疼，因为你需要发布运行库。但是在 Android 的世界里，Kotlin 已经不是什么新鲜事了，早先就有人预测 Kotlin 将会是 Android 的主流开发语言，不料，现在已经实现了。</p>
<p>优雅的 Hello World<br><figure class="highlight kotlin"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">fun</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(args: <span class="type">Array</span><<span class="type">String</span>>)</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> println(<span class="string">"Hello World!"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>看到了没，没有 class ,没有 static 的 main 方法，自定义一个求和方法 sum<br><figure class="highlight kotlin"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">fun</span> <span class="title">sum</span><span class="params">(a: <span class="type">Int</span>, b: <span class="type">Int</span>)</span></span>: <span class="built_in">Int</span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> a + b</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>还有一种简写的形式<br><figure class="highlight kotlin"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">fun</span> <span class="title">sum</span><span class="params">(a: <span class="type">Int</span>, b: <span class="type">Int</span>)</span></span> = a + b</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>是不是看上去很优雅，调用 sum 方法<br><figure class="highlight kotlin"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">fun</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(args: <span class="type">Array</span><<span class="type">String</span>>)</span></span>{</span><br><span class="line"> println(sum(<span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)) <span class="comment">// 输出 8</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 还可以这样写</span></span><br><span class="line"> println(<span class="string">"sum of 3 and 5 is <span class="subst">${sum(<span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">5</span>)}</span>"</span>) <span class="comment">// 输出 sum of 3 and 5 is 8</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>机智的 boy 已经发现，代码不以分号结尾，变量类型和方法返回值类型在后面，还有类似 JavaScript 的字符串模板等等。是的，Kotlin 的语法借鉴了很多函数式编程语言的特性，你会发现它和 Go，swift 语言也很相似，这说明 Kotlin 也借鉴了众多新诞生的编程语言的新特性，再加上 Google 的支持，很显然它将是未来主流。</p>
<p>另外，Kotlin 和 Java 完全兼容，这也可能是 Google 选择 Kotlin 的原因之一，它可以完全兼容 Java ，对于旧的应用而言就不用花费时间精力去将应用之前的代码转换为 Kotlin 了，毕竟替换旧代码也是一个非常浩大的工程。</p>
<p>最后附上 Kotlin 的官方中文教程 <a href="http://www.kotlincn.net/docs/reference/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.kotlincn.net/docs/reference/</a></p>
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