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iot-pnp-device-devguide-c.md

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680 lines (564 loc) · 19.7 KB
author ms.author ms.service ms.topic ms.date
dominicbetts
dobett
iot-pnp
include
11/19/2020

Model ID announcement

To announce the model ID, the device must include it in the connection information:

static const char g_ThermostatModelId[] = "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1";
IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceHandle = NULL;
deviceHandle = CreateDeviceClientLLHandle();
iothubResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SetOption(
    deviceHandle, OPTION_MODEL_ID, g_ThermostatModelId);

Tip

For modules and IoT Edge, use IoTHubModuleClient_LL in place of IoTHubDeviceClient_LL.

DPS payload

Devices using the Device Provisioning Service (DPS) can include the modelId to be used during the provisioning process using the following JSON payload.

{
    "modelId" : "dtmi:com:example:Thermostat;1"
}

Implement telemetry, properties, and commands

As described in Understand components in IoT Plug and Play models, device builders must decide if they want to use components to describe their devices. When using components, devices must follow the rules described in this section.

Telemetry

A default component doesn't require any special property.

When using nested components, devices must set a message property with the component name:

void PnP_ThermostatComponent_SendTelemetry(
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT_HANDLE pnpThermostatComponentHandle,
    IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceClientLL)
{
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT* pnpThermostatComponent = (PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT*)pnpThermostatComponentHandle;
    IOTHUB_MESSAGE_HANDLE messageHandle = NULL;
    IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubResult;

    char temperatureStringBuffer[32];

    if (snprintf(
        temperatureStringBuffer,
        sizeof(temperatureStringBuffer),
        g_temperatureTelemetryBodyFormat,
        pnpThermostatComponent->currentTemperature) < 0)
    {
        LogError("snprintf of current temperature telemetry failed");
    }
    else if ((messageHandle = PnP_CreateTelemetryMessageHandle(
        pnpThermostatComponent->componentName, temperatureStringBuffer)) == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to create telemetry message");
    }
    else if ((iothubResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendEventAsync(
        deviceClientLL, messageHandle, NULL, NULL)) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
    {
        LogError("Unable to send telemetry message, error=%d", iothubResult);
    }

    IoTHubMessage_Destroy(messageHandle);
}

// ...

PnP_ThermostatComponent_SendTelemetry(g_thermostatHandle1, deviceClient);

Read-only properties

Reporting a property from the default component doesn't require any special construct:

static const char g_maxTemperatureSinceRebootFormat[] = "{\"maxTempSinceLastReboot\":%.2f}";

char maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty[256];

snprintf(
    maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty,
    sizeof(maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty),
    g_maxTemperatureSinceRebootFormat,
    38.7);

IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
    deviceClientLL,
    (const unsigned char*)maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty,
    strlen(maxTemperatureSinceRebootProperty), NULL, NULL));

The device twin is updated with the next reported property:

{
  "reported": {
      "maxTempSinceLastReboot" : 38.7
  }
}

When using nested components, properties must be created within the component name:

STRING_HANDLE PnP_CreateReportedProperty(
    const char* componentName,
    const char* propertyName,
    const char* propertyValue
)
{
    STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend;

    if (componentName == NULL) 
    {
        jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"%s\":%s}",
            propertyName, propertyValue);
    }
    else 
    {
       jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"""%s\":{\"__t\":\"c\",\"%s\":%s}}",
            componentName, propertyName, propertyValue);
    }

    if (jsonToSend == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to allocate JSON buffer");
    }

    return jsonToSend;
}

void PnP_TempControlComponent_Report_MaxTempSinceLastReboot_Property(
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT_HANDLE pnpThermostatComponentHandle,
    IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceClientLL)
{
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT* pnpThermostatComponent =
        (PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT*)pnpThermostatComponentHandle;
    char maximumTemperatureAsString[32];
    IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult;
    STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend = NULL;

    if (snprintf(maximumTemperatureAsString, sizeof(maximumTemperatureAsString),
        "%.2f", pnpThermostatComponent->maxTemperature) < 0)
    {
        LogError("Unable to create max temp since last reboot string for reporting result");
    }
    else if ((jsonToSend = PnP_CreateReportedProperty(
                pnpThermostatComponent->componentName,
                g_maxTempSinceLastRebootPropertyName,
                maximumTemperatureAsString)) == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to build max temp since last reboot property");
    }
    else
    {
        const char* jsonToSendStr = STRING_c_str(jsonToSend);
        size_t jsonToSendStrLen = strlen(jsonToSendStr);

        if ((iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
                deviceClientLL,
                (const unsigned char*)jsonToSendStr,
                jsonToSendStrLen, NULL, NULL)) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
        {
            LogError("Unable to send reported state, error=%d", iothubClientResult);
        }
        else
        {
            LogInfo("Sending maximumTemperatureSinceLastReboot property to IoTHub for component=%s",
                pnpThermostatComponent->componentName);
        }
    }

    STRING_delete(jsonToSend);
}

// ...

PnP_TempControlComponent_Report_MaxTempSinceLastReboot_Property(g_thermostatHandle1, deviceClient);

The device twin is updated with the next reported property:

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {  
      "__t" : "c",  
      "maxTemperature" : 38.7
     }
  }
}

Writable properties

These properties can be set by the device or updated by the solution. If the solution updates a property, the client receives a notification as a callback in the DeviceClient or ModuleClient. To follow the IoT Plug and Play conventions, the device must inform the service that the property was successfully received.

Report a writable property

When a device reports a writable property, it must include the ack values defined in the conventions.

To report a writable property from the default component:

IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult;
char targetTemperatureResponseProperty[256];

snprintf(
    targetTemperatureResponseProperty,
    sizeof(targetTemperatureResponseProperty),
    "{\"targetTemperature\":{\"value\":%.2f,\"ac\":%d,\"av\":%d,\"ad\":\"%s\"}}",
    23.2, 200, 3, "Successfully updated target temperature");

iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
    deviceClientLL,
    (const unsigned char*)targetTemperatureResponseProperty,
    strlen(targetTemperatureResponseProperty), NULL, NULL);

The device twin is updated with the next reported property:

{
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "Successfully updated target temperature"
      }
  }
}

To report a writable property from a nested component, the twin must include a marker:

STRING_HANDLE PnP_CreateReportedPropertyWithStatus(const char* componentName,
    const char* propertyName, const char* propertyValue,
    int result, const char* description, int ackVersion
)
{
    STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend;

    if (componentName == NULL) 
    {
        jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"%s\":{\"value\":%s,\"ac\":%d,\"ad\":\"%s\",\"av\":%d}}",
            propertyName, propertyValue,
            result, description, ackVersion);
    }
    else
    {
       jsonToSend = STRING_construct_sprintf(
            "{\"""%s\":{\"__t\":\"c\",\"%s\":{\"value\":%s,\"ac\":%d,\"ad\":\"%s\",\"av\":%d}}}",
            componentName, propertyName, propertyValue,
            result, description, ackVersion);
    }

    if (jsonToSend == NULL)
    {
        LogError("Unable to allocate JSON buffer");
    }

    return jsonToSend;
}

// ...

char targetTemperatureAsString[32];
IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubClientResult;
STRING_HANDLE jsonToSend = NULL;

snprintf(targetTemperatureAsString,
    sizeof(targetTemperatureAsString),
    "%.2f",
    23.2);
jsonToSend = PnP_CreateReportedPropertyWithStatus(
    "thermostat1",
    "targetTemperature",
    targetTemperatureAsString,
    200,
    "complete",
    3);

const char* jsonToSendStr = STRING_c_str(jsonToSend);
size_t jsonToSendStrLen = strlen(jsonToSendStr);

iothubClientResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SendReportedState(
    deviceClientLL,
    (const unsigned char*)jsonToSendStr,
    jsonToSendStrLen, NULL, NULL);

STRING_delete(jsonToSend);

The device twin is updated with the next reported property:

{
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1": {
      "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

Subscribe to desired property updates

Services can update desired properties that trigger a notification on the connected devices. This notification includes the updated desired properties, including the version number identifying the update. Devices must respond with the same ack message as reported properties.

A default component sees the single property and creates the reported ack with the received version:

static void Thermostat_DeviceTwinCallback(
    DEVICE_TWIN_UPDATE_STATE updateState,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size,
    void* userContextCallback)
{
    // The device handle associated with this request is passed as the context,
    // since we will need to send reported events back.
    IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE deviceClientLL =
        (IOTHUB_DEVICE_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE)userContextCallback;

    char* jsonStr = NULL;
    JSON_Value* rootValue = NULL;
    JSON_Object* desiredObject;
    JSON_Value* versionValue = NULL;
    JSON_Value* targetTemperatureValue = NULL;

    jsonStr = CopyTwinPayloadToString(payload, size));
    rootValue = json_parse_string(jsonStr));
    desiredObject = GetDesiredJson(updateState, rootValue));
    targetTemperatureValue = json_object_get_value(desiredObject, "targetTemperature"));
    versionValue = json_object_get_value(desiredObject, "$version"));
    json_value_get_type(versionValue);
    json_value_get_type(targetTemperatureValue);

    double targetTemperature = json_value_get_number(targetTemperatureValue);
    int version = (int)json_value_get_number(versionValue);

    // ...

    // The device needs to let the service know that it has received the targetTemperature desired property.
    SendTargetTemperatureReport(deviceClientLL, targetTemperature, 200, version, "Successfully updated target temperature");

    json_value_free(rootValue);
    free(jsonStr);
}

// ...

IOTHUB_CLIENT_RESULT iothubResult;
iothubResult = IoTHubDeviceClient_LL_SetDeviceTwinCallback(
    deviceHandle, Thermostat_DeviceTwinCallback, (void*)deviceHandle))

The device twin shows the property in the desired and reported sections:

{
  "desired" : {
    "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "Successfully updated target temperature"
      }
  }
}

A nested component receives the desired properties wrapped with the component name, and should report back the ack reported property:

bool PnP_ProcessTwinData(
    DEVICE_TWIN_UPDATE_STATE updateState,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size, const char** componentsInModel,
    size_t numComponentsInModel,
    PnP_PropertyCallbackFunction pnpPropertyCallback,
    void* userContextCallback)
{
    char* jsonStr = NULL;
    JSON_Value* rootValue = NULL;
    JSON_Object* desiredObject;
    bool result;

    jsonStr = PnP_CopyPayloadToString(payload, size));
    rootValue = json_parse_string(jsonStr));
    desiredObject = GetDesiredJson(updateState, rootValue));
    
    result = VisitDesiredObject(
        desiredObject, componentsInModel,
        numComponentsInModel, pnpPropertyCallback,
        userContextCallback);


    json_value_free(rootValue);
    free(jsonStr);

    return result;
}

// ...
static const char g_thermostatComponent1Name[] = "thermostat1";
static const size_t g_thermostatComponent1Size = sizeof(g_thermostatComponent1Name) - 1;
static const char g_thermostatComponent2Name[] = "thermostat2";

static const char* g_modeledComponents[] = {g_thermostatComponent1Name, g_thermostatComponent2Name};
static const size_t g_numModeledComponents = sizeof(g_modeledComponents) / sizeof(g_modeledComponents[0]);

static void PnP_TempControlComponent_DeviceTwinCallback(
    DEVICE_TWIN_UPDATE_STATE updateState,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size,
    void* userContextCallback
)
{
    PnP_ProcessTwinData(
        updateState, payload,
        size, g_modeledComponents,
        g_numModeledComponents,
        PnP_TempControlComponent_ApplicationPropertyCallback,
        userContextCallback);
}

The device twin for a nested component shows the desired and reported sections as follows:

{
  "desired" : {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
        "targetTemperature": 23.2,
    }
    "$version" : 3
  },
  "reported": {
    "thermostat1" : {
        "__t" : "c",
      "targetTemperature": {
          "value": 23.2,
          "ac": 200,
          "av": 3,
          "ad": "complete"
      }
    }
  }
}

Commands

A default component receives the command name as it was invoked by the service.

A nested component receives the command name prefixed with the component name and the * separator.

void PnP_ParseCommandName(
    const char* deviceMethodName,
    unsigned const char** componentName,
    size_t* componentNameSize,
    const char** pnpCommandName
)
{
    const char* separator;

    if ((separator = strchr(deviceMethodName, "*")) != NULL)
    {
        *componentName = (unsigned const char*)deviceMethodName;
        *componentNameSize = separator - deviceMethodName;
        *pnpCommandName = separator + 1;
    }
    else
    {
        *componentName = NULL;
        *componentNameSize = 0;
        *pnpCommandName = deviceMethodName;
    }
}

static int PnP_TempControlComponent_DeviceMethodCallback(
    const char* methodName,
    const unsigned char* payload,
    size_t size,
    unsigned char** response,
    size_t* responseSize,
    void* userContextCallback)
{
    (void)userContextCallback;

    char* jsonStr = NULL;
    JSON_Value* rootValue = NULL;
    int result;
    unsigned const char *componentName;
    size_t componentNameSize;
    const char *pnpCommandName;

    *response = NULL;
    *responseSize = 0;

    // Parse the methodName into its componentName and CommandName.
    PnP_ParseCommandName(methodName, &componentName, &componentNameSize, &pnpCommandName);

    // Parse the JSON of the payload request.
    jsonStr = PnP_CopyPayloadToString(payload, size));
    rootValue = json_parse_string(jsonStr));
    if (componentName != NULL)
    {
        if (strncmp((const char*)componentName, g_thermostatComponent1Name, g_thermostatComponent1Size) == 0)
        {
            result = PnP_ThermostatComponent_ProcessCommand(g_thermostatHandle1, pnpCommandName, rootValue, response, responseSize);
        }
        else if (strncmp((const char*)componentName, g_thermostatComponent2Name, g_thermostatComponent2Size) == 0)
        {
            result = PnP_ThermostatComponent_ProcessCommand(g_thermostatHandle2, pnpCommandName, rootValue, response, responseSize);
        }
        else
        {
            LogError("PnP component=%.*s is not supported by TemperatureController", (int)componentNameSize, componentName);
            result = PNP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        LogInfo("Received PnP command for TemperatureController component, command=%s", pnpCommandName);
        if (strcmp(pnpCommandName, g_rebootCommand) == 0)
        {
            result = PnP_TempControlComponent_InvokeRebootCommand(rootValue);
        }
        else
        {
            LogError("PnP command=s%s is not supported by TemperatureController", pnpCommandName);
            result = PNP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }

    if (*response == NULL)
    {
        SetEmptyCommandResponse(response, responseSize, &result);
    }

    json_value_free(rootValue);
    free(jsonStr);

    return result;
}

// ...

PNP_DEVICE_CONFIGURATION g_pnpDeviceConfiguration;
g_pnpDeviceConfiguration.deviceMethodCallback = PnP_TempControlComponent_DeviceMethodCallback;
deviceClient = PnP_CreateDeviceClientLLHandle(&g_pnpDeviceConfiguration);

Request and response payloads

Commands use types to define their request and response payloads. A device must deserialize the incoming input parameter and serialize the response. The following example shows how to implement a command with complex types defined in the payloads:

{
  "@type": "Command",
  "name": "getMaxMinReport",
  "displayName": "Get Max-Min report.",
  "description": "This command returns the max, min and average temperature from the specified time to the current time.",
  "request": {
    "name": "since",
    "displayName": "Since",
    "description": "Period to return the max-min report.",
    "schema": "dateTime"
  },
  "response": {
    "name" : "tempReport",
    "displayName": "Temperature Report",
    "schema": {
      "@type": "Object",
      "fields": [
        {
          "name": "maxTemp",
          "displayName": "Max temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name": "minTemp",
          "displayName": "Min temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "avgTemp",
          "displayName": "Average Temperature",
          "schema": "double"
        },
        {
          "name" : "startTime",
          "displayName": "Start Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        },
        {
          "name" : "endTime",
          "displayName": "End Time",
          "schema": "dateTime"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

The following code snippets show how a device implements this command definition, including the types used to enable serialization and deserialization:

static const char g_maxMinCommandResponseFormat[] = "{\"maxTemp\":%.2f,\"minTemp\":%.2f,\"avgTemp\":%.2f,\"startTime\":\"%s\",\"endTime\":\"%s\"}";

// ...

static bool BuildMaxMinCommandResponse(
    PNP_THERMOSTAT_COMPONENT* pnpThermostatComponent,
    unsigned char** response,
    size_t* responseSize)
{
    int responseBuilderSize = 0;
    unsigned char* responseBuilder = NULL;
    bool result;
    char currentTime[TIME_BUFFER_SIZE];

    BuildUtcTimeFromCurrentTime(currentTime, sizeof(currentTime));
    responseBuilderSize = snprintf(NULL, 0, g_maxMinCommandResponseFormat,
        pnpThermostatComponent->maxTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->minTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->allTemperatures /
        pnpThermostatComponent->numTemperatureUpdates,
        g_programStartTime, currentTime));

    responseBuilder = calloc(1, responseBuilderSize + 1));

    responseBuilderSize = snprintf(
        (char*)responseBuilder, responseBuilderSize + 1, g_maxMinCommandResponseFormat,
        pnpThermostatComponent->maxTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->minTemperature,
        pnpThermostatComponent->allTemperatures / pnpThermostatComponent->numTemperatureUpdates,
        g_programStartTime,
        currentTime));

    *response = responseBuilder;
    *responseSize = (size_t)responseBuilderSize;

    return true;
}

Tip

The request and response names aren't present in the serialized payloads transmitted over the wire.