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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-0.9.165">
<meta name="author" content="Christopher Barrie">
<title>Computational Text Analysis</title>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="05_cta_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="05_cta_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reveal.css">
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
.sourceCode { overflow: visible; }
code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
@media screen {
div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
}
@media print {
pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
}
pre.numberSource code
{ counter-reset: source-line 0; }
pre.numberSource code > span
{ position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
{ content: counter(source-line);
position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
border: none; display: inline-block;
-webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
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padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
color: #aaaaaa;
}
pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; border-left: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 4px; }
div.sourceCode
{ }
@media screen {
pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
}
code span.al { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; } /* Alert */
code span.an { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } /* Annotation */
code span.at { color: #7d9029; } /* Attribute */
code span.bn { color: #40a070; } /* BaseN */
code span.bu { } /* BuiltIn */
code span.cf { color: #007020; font-weight: bold; } /* ControlFlow */
code span.ch { color: #4070a0; } /* Char */
code span.cn { color: #880000; } /* Constant */
code span.co { color: #60a0b0; font-style: italic; } /* Comment */
code span.cv { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } /* CommentVar */
code span.do { color: #ba2121; font-style: italic; } /* Documentation */
code span.dt { color: #902000; } /* DataType */
code span.dv { color: #40a070; } /* DecVal */
code span.er { color: #ff0000; font-weight: bold; } /* Error */
code span.ex { } /* Extension */
code span.fl { color: #40a070; } /* Float */
code span.fu { color: #06287e; } /* Function */
code span.im { } /* Import */
code span.in { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } /* Information */
code span.kw { color: #007020; font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword */
code span.op { color: #666666; } /* Operator */
code span.ot { color: #007020; } /* Other */
code span.pp { color: #bc7a00; } /* Preprocessor */
code span.sc { color: #4070a0; } /* SpecialChar */
code span.ss { color: #bb6688; } /* SpecialString */
code span.st { color: #4070a0; } /* String */
code span.va { color: #19177c; } /* Variable */
code span.vs { color: #4070a0; } /* VerbatimString */
code span.wa { color: #60a0b0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; } /* Warning */
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="05_cta_files/libs/revealjs/dist/theme/quarto.css" id="theme">
<script src="05_cta_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
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<script src="05_cta_files/libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
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<link href="05_cta_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-line-highlight/line-highlight.css" rel="stylesheet">
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<link href="05_cta_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-support/footer.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
.callout {
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
border-radius: .25rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple {
padding: 0em 0.7em;
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
display: flex;
}
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border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
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flex-grow: 1;
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font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 400;
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font-size: 0.9rem;
font-weight: 400;
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padding-top: 0.2em;
margin-bottom: -0.2em;
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margin-bottom: 0.5em;
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margin-top: 0;
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margin-top: 0.7em;
}
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border-bottom: none;
font-size: .9rem;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 75%;
}
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border-bottom: none;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 85%;
font-size: 0.9rem;
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
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padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-icon::before {
height: 1rem;
width: 1rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 1rem 1rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-icon::before {
height: 0.9rem;
width: 0.9rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 0.9rem 0.9rem;
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display: flex
}
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margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
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display: none !important;
}
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margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
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margin-top: .5rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
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margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
/* Callout Types */
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border-left-color: #4582ec !important;
}
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}
div.callout-note.callout-style-default .callout-caption {
background-color: #dae6fb
}
div.callout-important {
border-left-color: #d9534f !important;
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<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="center">
<h1 class="title">Computational Text Analysis</h1>
<p class="subtitle">SICSS, 2022</p>
<p class="author">Christopher Barrie</p>
</section>
<section id="manipulating-text" class="slide level2">
<h2>Manipulating text</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr) <span class="co">#tidyverse package for wrangling data</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(quanteda) <span class="co">#quantitative text analysis package</span></span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidytext) <span class="co">#package for 'tidy' manipulation of text data</span></span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(topicmodels) <span class="co">#for topic modelling</span></span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2) <span class="co">#package for visualizing data</span></span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggthemes) <span class="co">#to make plots nicer</span></span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(stringi) <span class="co">#to generate random text</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="topic-modelling" class="slide level2">
<h2>Topic modelling</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2" data-code-line-numbers="|1|2|4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1"></a><span class="fu">data</span>(<span class="st">"AssociatedPress"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2"></a> <span class="at">package =</span> <span class="st">"topicmodels"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4"></a>ap_tidy <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tidy</span>(AssociatedPress)</span>
<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5"></a>ap_tidy</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 302,031 × 3
document term count
<int> <chr> <dbl>
1 1 adding 1
2 1 adult 2
3 1 ago 1
4 1 alcohol 1
5 1 allegedly 1
6 1 allen 1
7 1 apparently 2
8 1 appeared 1
9 1 arrested 1
10 1 assault 1
# … with 302,021 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="topic-modelling-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Topic modelling</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1"></a><span class="fu">data</span>(<span class="st">"AssociatedPress"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2"></a> <span class="at">package =</span> <span class="st">"topicmodels"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4"></a><span class="fu">str</span>(AssociatedPress)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>List of 6
$ i : int [1:302031] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ j : int [1:302031] 116 153 218 272 299 302 447 455 548 597 ...
$ v : num [1:302031] 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 ...
$ nrow : int 2246
$ ncol : int 10473
$ dimnames:List of 2
..$ Docs : NULL
..$ Terms: chr [1:10473] "aaron" "abandon" "abandoned" "abandoning" ...
- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "DocumentTermMatrix" "simple_triplet_matrix"
- attr(*, "weighting")= chr [1:2] "term frequency" "tf"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="inspect-topic-terms" class="slide level2">
<h2>Inspect topic terms</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1"></a>lda_output <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">LDA</span>(AssociatedPress[<span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">100</span>,], <span class="at">k =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3"></a><span class="fu">terms</span>(lda_output, <span class="dv">10</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4 Topic 5 Topic 6
[1,] "i" "i" "noriega" "bank" "percent" "bush"
[2,] "soviet" "new" "two" "new" "prices" "rating"
[3,] "bush" "state" "soviet" "fire" "rate" "immigration"
[4,] "campaign" "dukakis" "panama" "roberts" "oil" "new"
[5,] "congress" "police" "government" "union" "new" "year"
[6,] "germany" "like" "president" "people" "year" "president"
[7,] "jews" "mrs" "i" "greyhound" "rose" "million"
[8,] "questions" "back" "church" "years" "month" "last"
[9,] "bar" "record" "military" "magellan" "central" "dukakis"
[10,] "jewish" "children" "pope" "spacecraft" "index" "settlements"
Topic 7 Topic 8 Topic 9 Topic 10
[1,] "new" "barry" "soviet" "people"
[2,] "state" "people" "percent" "peres"
[3,] "california" "year" "company" "school"
[4,] "news" "i" "i" "agents"
[5,] "man" "north" "administration" "year"
[6,] "states" "waste" "duracell" "national"
[7,] "york" "moore" "union" "offer"
[8,] "cuban" "officials" "farmer" "official"
[9,] "year" "two" "grain" "police"
[10,] "official" "four" "thats" "fbi" </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="inspect-βs" class="slide level2">
<h2>Inspect βs</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1"></a>lda_beta <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tidy</span>(lda_output, <span class="at">matrix =</span> <span class="st">"beta"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3"></a>lda_beta <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>beta)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 104,730 × 3
topic term beta
<int> <chr> <dbl>
1 5 percent 0.0336
2 7 new 0.0167
3 1 i 0.0145
4 4 bank 0.0122
5 9 soviet 0.0115
6 6 bush 0.0115
7 4 new 0.0113
8 1 soviet 0.0110
9 2 i 0.0106
10 5 prices 0.0105
# … with 104,720 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="inspect-γs" class="slide level2">
<h2>Inspect γs</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1"></a>lda_gamma <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">tidy</span>(lda_output, <span class="at">matrix =</span> <span class="st">"gamma"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3"></a>lda_gamma <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>gamma)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 1,000 × 3
document topic gamma
<int> <int> <dbl>
1 76 9 1.00
2 81 3 1.00
3 6 3 1.00
4 43 4 1.00
5 31 5 1.00
6 95 7 1.00
7 77 6 1.00
8 29 9 1.00
9 80 2 1.00
10 57 1 1.00
# … with 990 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="plot" class="slide level2">
<h2>Plot</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1"></a>lda_beta <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(topic) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3"></a> <span class="fu">top_n</span>(<span class="dv">10</span>, beta) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4"></a> <span class="fu">ungroup</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(topic, <span class="sc">-</span>beta) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">term =</span> <span class="fu">reorder_within</span>(term, beta, topic)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(beta, term, <span class="at">fill =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(topic))) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">show.legend =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9"></a> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="sc">~</span> topic, <span class="at">scales =</span> <span class="st">"free"</span>, <span class="at">ncol =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10"></a> <span class="fu">scale_y_reordered</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-11"><a href="#cb12-11"></a> <span class="fu">theme_tufte</span>(<span class="at">base_family =</span> <span class="st">"Helvetica"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<img data-src="05_cta_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="plot-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Plot</h2>
<div class="panel-tabset">
<ul id="tabset-1" class="panel-tabset-tabby"><li><a data-tabby-default="" href="#tabset-1-1">Code</a></li><li><a href="#tabset-1-2">Plot</a></li></ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1"></a>betaplot <span class="ot"><-</span> lda_beta <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(topic) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3"></a> <span class="fu">top_n</span>(<span class="dv">10</span>, beta) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href="#cb13-4"></a> <span class="fu">ungroup</span>() <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href="#cb13-5"></a> <span class="fu">arrange</span>(topic, <span class="sc">-</span>beta) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href="#cb13-6"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">term =</span> <span class="fu">reorder_within</span>(term, beta, topic)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-7"><a href="#cb13-7"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(beta, term, <span class="at">fill =</span> <span class="fu">factor</span>(topic))) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-8"><a href="#cb13-8"></a> <span class="fu">geom_col</span>(<span class="at">show.legend =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-9"><a href="#cb13-9"></a> <span class="fu">facet_wrap</span>(<span class="sc">~</span> topic, <span class="at">scales =</span> <span class="st">"free"</span>, <span class="at">ncol =</span> <span class="dv">4</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-10"><a href="#cb13-10"></a> <span class="fu">scale_y_reordered</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-11"><a href="#cb13-11"></a> <span class="fu">theme_tufte</span>(<span class="at">base_family =</span> <span class="st">"Helvetica"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="tabset-1-2">
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<p><img data-src="05_cta_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-18-1.png" width="960"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="word-embedding" class="slide level2">
<h2>Word embedding</h2>
<div class="cell">
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(Matrix) <span class="co">#for handling matrices</span></span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(irlba) <span class="co"># for SVD</span></span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(umap) <span class="co"># for dimensionality reduction</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="data-structure" class="slide level2">
<h2>Data structure</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Word pair matrix with PMI (Pairwise mutual information)</p></li>
<li><p>where PMI = log(P(x,y)/P(x)P(y))</p></li>
<li><p>and P(x,y) is the probability of word x appearing within a six-word window of word y</p></li>
<li><p>and P(x) is the probability of word x appearing in the whole corpus</p></li>
<li><p>and P(y) is the probability of word y appearing in the whole corpus</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="data-structure-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Data structure</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>6 x 6 sparse Matrix of class "dgCMatrix"
the to and of https a
the 0.653259169 -0.01948121 -0.006446459 0.27136395 -0.5246159 -0.32557524
to -0.019481205 0.75498084 -0.065170433 -0.25694210 -0.5731182 -0.04595798
and -0.006446459 -0.06517043 1.027782342 -0.03974904 -0.4915159 -0.05862969
of 0.271363948 -0.25694210 -0.039749043 1.02111517 -0.5045067 0.09829389
https -0.524615878 -0.57311817 -0.491515918 -0.50450674 0.5451841 -0.57956404
a -0.325575239 -0.04595798 -0.058629689 0.09829389 -0.5795640 1.03048355</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="data-structure-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>Data structure</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Formal class 'dgCMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 6 slots
..@ i : int [1:350700] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...
..@ p : int [1:21173] 0 7819 14360 20175 25467 29910 34368 39207 43376 46401 ...
..@ Dim : int [1:2] 21172 21172
..@ Dimnames:List of 2
.. ..$ : chr [1:21172] "the" "to" "and" "of" ...
.. ..$ : chr [1:21172] "the" "to" "and" "of" ...
..@ x : num [1:350700] 0.65326 -0.01948 -0.00645 0.27136 -0.52462 ...
..@ factors : list()</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="singular-value-decomposition" class="slide level2">
<h2>Singular value decomposition</h2>
<div class="cell">
</div>
</section>
<section id="singular-value-decomposition-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Singular value decomposition</h2>
<div class="cell">
</div>
</section>
<section id="singular-value-decomposition-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>Singular value decomposition</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1"></a>word_vectors <span class="ot"><-</span> pmi_svd<span class="sc">$</span>u</span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2"></a><span class="fu">rownames</span>(word_vectors) <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">rownames</span>(pmi_matrix)</span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href="#cb17-3"></a><span class="fu">dim</span>(word_vectors)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] 21172 256</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="singular-value-decomposition-3" class="slide level2">
<h2>Singular value decomposition</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1"></a><span class="fu">head</span>(word_vectors[<span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="dv">1</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">5</span>])</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
the 0.007810973 0.07024009 0.06377615 0.03139044 -0.12362108
to 0.006889381 -0.03210269 0.10665925 0.03537632 0.10104552
and -0.050498380 0.09131495 0.19658197 -0.08136253 -0.01605705
of -0.015628371 0.16306386 0.13296127 -0.04087709 -0.23175976
https 0.301718525 0.07658843 -0.01720398 0.26219147 0.07930941</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="word-embeddings-with-glove" class="slide level2">
<h2>Word embeddings with GloVe</h2>
<p>After we’ve generated our term co-ocurrence matrix…</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r cell-code number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb21-1"><a href="#cb21-1"></a>DIM <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="dv">300</span></span>
<span id="cb21-2"><a href="#cb21-2"></a>ITERS <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="dv">100</span></span>
<span id="cb21-3"><a href="#cb21-3"></a><span class="co"># ================================ set model parameters</span></span>
<span id="cb21-4"><a href="#cb21-4"></a><span class="co"># ================================</span></span>
<span id="cb21-5"><a href="#cb21-5"></a>glove <span class="ot"><-</span> GlobalVectors<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">new</span>(<span class="at">rank =</span> DIM, <span class="at">x_max =</span> <span class="dv">100</span>, <span class="at">learning_rate =</span> <span class="fl">0.05</span>)</span>
<span id="cb21-6"><a href="#cb21-6"></a></span>
<span id="cb21-7"><a href="#cb21-7"></a><span class="co"># ================================ fit model ================================</span></span>
<span id="cb21-8"><a href="#cb21-8"></a>word_vectors_main <span class="ot"><-</span> glove<span class="sc">$</span><span class="fu">fit_transform</span>(tcm, <span class="at">n_iter =</span> ITERS, <span class="at">convergence_tol =</span> <span class="fl">0.001</span>, </span>
<span id="cb21-9"><a href="#cb21-9"></a> <span class="at">n_threads =</span> RcppParallel<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">defaultNumThreads</span>())</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
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const ref = noterefs[i];
tippyHover(ref, function() {
let href = ref.getAttribute('href');
try { href = new URL(href).hash; } catch {}
const id = href.replace(/^#\/?/, "");
const note = window.document.getElementById(id);
return note.innerHTML;
});
}