{/* M/S */}
diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md
index 12c712fe..9cb4fad2 100644
--- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md
+++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md
@@ -494,42 +494,42 @@ with names that punned on the original store, such as Nakagataya (中方屋) and Shimogataya (下方屋).[@OpeningKamigataya]
-Kamigataya can be seen on the left, identified by the
-large die; this one is in Motomachi in Yokohama.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> position: "aside"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> In this early 20th-century postcard, another branch of Kamigataya can be seen on the left, identified by the large die; this one is in Motomachi in Yokohama.
+
+
+> [!multi]
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > license: "cc0"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > A newspaper advertisement depicting the outside of the GinzaKamigataya store, 1889. The large die was added to the store in December 1886.
+>
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > license: "cc0"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > The storefront of Nakagataya, as shown on a Hyakunin Isshu box.
-
-Ginza Kamigataya store, 1889.
-The large die was added to the store in December 1886.
-
-Nakagataya, as shown on a Hyakunin Isshu box.
-
-Once the viability of Hanafuda had been proven,
-other manufacturers appeared quickly: the company that was later to become
-Nintendo began producing Hanafuda cards in 1889. Other companies such as Ōishi Tengudō claim to have been operating discreetly
-during the prohibition period; in their case behind the doors of a
-rice merchant named Minatoya (湊屋).[@OishiTengudoHistory4]
+Once the viability of Hanafuda had been proven, other manufacturers appeared quickly: the company that was later to become Nintendo began producing Hanafuda cards in 1889. Other companies such as Ōishi Tengudō claim to have been operating discreetly during the prohibition period; in their case behind the doors of a rice merchant named Minatoya (湊屋).[@OishiTengudoHistory4]
### Changing Attitudes
@@ -609,18 +609,26 @@ enterprises.[@JapanInTheTaishoEra p. 632]{%endfn%} the manufacture of all
tobacco products, and the Tōyō Printing subsidiary
was taken over by British-American Tobacco.[@TarHeel p. 362]
-Murai Brothers, prior to 1904. The hand-written markings
-on the backs possibly indicate that they were adapted to be used as Iroha cards.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "wide"
+> perRow: 5
+> ```
+>
+> Fronts and backs of combination tobacco cards produced by Murai Brothers, prior to 1904. The hand-written markings on the backs possibly indicate that they were adapted to be used as Iroha cards.
> [!todo]
> ## Traditional Methods of Manufacture
@@ -728,13 +736,15 @@ primarily used to play the game 八八 ‘88’. Almost a
decks use this pattern, and images from it are used to show the cards of each
month below.
-hachihachi-bana pattern,
-from a Nintendo deck.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> The 5 Bright cards of the hachihachi-bana pattern, from a Nintendo deck.
#### Korean deck differences
@@ -746,45 +756,37 @@ file="pronunciation_ko_홍단.mp3" %} ‘crimson ribbon’) and all three blue r
(청단, {% pronounce lang="ko-Latn" word="cheongdan"
pronouncer="glamstar77" file="pronunciation_ko_청단.mp3" %} ‘blue ribbon’).
-Hwatu cards with ribbons.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> Korean Hwatu cards with ribbons.
There are also differences in the ‘rain man’ (see below), and depending on the
deck, other aspects of the cards can also be translated into Korean cultural
terms. For example, the lesser cuckoo of the Japanese cards is in some decks the
Oriental magpie, which is the national bird of Korea.
-
-무지개 ({% pronounce word="mujigae" lang="ko-Latn"
-file="pronunciation_ko_무지개.mp3" pronouncer="fairybel" %}, ‘rainbow’) brand
-Hwatu deck (on left) features a Korean magpie (까치 {% pronounce file="pronunciation_ko_까치.mp3"
-word="kkachi" lang="ko-Latn" pronouncer="goeun" %}), instead of the usual lesser
-cuckoo as shown on the Daiso Hwatu-format deck.
-
-Heian period courtier’s
-daily outfit (狩衣 {% pronounce pronouncer="skent"
-lang="ja-Latn" word="kariginu" file="pronunciation_ja_狩衣.mp3" %}), with tall
-tate-eboshi (楯烏帽子) hat,
-and very tall rain-clogs (足駄 {% pronounce lang="ja-Latn"
-word="ashida" pronouncer="skent" file="pronunciation_ja_足駄.mp3" %}) on his feet. The Korean
-man is wearing a noble’s {% pronounce pronouncer="glamstar77" lang="ko-Latn"
-word="gat" file="pronunciation_ko_갓.mp3" %} (갓) hat,
-and an outer coat with very large sleeves.
-
-
+> [!multi]
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > The 무지개 ({% pronounce word="mujigae" lang="ko-Latn" file="pronunciation_ko_무지개.mp3" pronouncer="fairybel" %}, ‘rainbow’) brand Hwatu deck (on left) features a Korean magpie (까치 {% pronounce file="pronunciation_ko_까치.mp3" word="kkachi" lang="ko-Latn" pronouncer="goeun" %}), instead of the usual lesser cuckoo as shown on the Daiso Hwatu-format deck.
+>
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > The ‘rain man’ wears traditional clothing in both Japanese and Korean decks. The Japanese man (left) wears a Heian period courtier’s daily outfit (狩衣 {% pronounce pronouncer="skent" lang="ja-Latn" word="kariginu" file="pronunciation_ja_狩衣.mp3" %}), with tall tate-eboshi (楯烏帽子) hat, and very tall rain-clogs (足駄 {% pronounce lang="ja-Latn" word="ashida" pronouncer="skent" file="pronunciation_ja_足駄.mp3" %}) on his feet. The Korean man is wearing a noble’s {% pronounce pronouncer="glamstar77" lang="ko-Latn" word="gat" file="pronunciation_ko_갓.mp3" %} (갓) hat, and an outer coat with very large sleeves.
### Mushi-bana
@@ -814,12 +816,11 @@ flowers’) pattern is based on designs that are older than the standard pattern
The most obvious difference is that all the cards are overpainted with gold and
silver in various patterns.
-Echigo-bana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> The 5 Brights of the Echigo-bana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō.
Some of the kasu cards also carry short poems (短歌 {%pronounce pronouncer="akitomo" word="tanka" lang="ja-Latn"
@@ -836,11 +837,11 @@ flowers’) pattern is similar to the Echigo-b
with very small cards measuring approximately 3 cm × 4.5 cm (1⅛″ ×
1¾″).
-Echigo-kobana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> The 5 Brights of the Echigo-kobana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō.
Because of the small size, there are no poems on this deck. However, it does
contain four extra cards. Any special rules for the deck, including the use of
@@ -862,16 +863,16 @@ contact them!
### Awa-bana/Kintoki-bana
-Kintoki card, by Ōishi
-Tengudō. He is depicted carrying an axe and wearing a shirt with the
-character 金 (kin, ‘gold’) on
-it.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> position: "aside"
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> The Kintoki card, by Ōishi Tengudō. He is depicted carrying an axe and wearing a shirt with the character 金 (kin, ‘gold’) on it.
This is another regional pattern called {% pronounce lang="ja-Latn"
word="Awa-bana" pronouncer="poyotan" file="pronunciation_ja_阿波花.mp3" %}
@@ -891,11 +892,8 @@ lang="ja-Latn">Kintarō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D).
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
->
- src="KintokiBana_Brights.jpg"
- alt="Five hanafuda cards with bright colours and overpainted with silver."
-> ```
+> 
+>
>
> The 5 Brights of the Awa-bana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō.
@@ -905,11 +903,11 @@ lang="ja-Latn">Kintarō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D).
The main distinguishing feature of the pattern is that each type of tanzaku card has a unique background pattern (as opposed to the usual ‘confetti’). The remainder of the cards follow the standard pattern very closely.
-
-Three cards showing the different backgrounds for each type of tanzaku card.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> Three cards showing the different backgrounds for each type of tanzaku card.
### Modern/Novelty decks
@@ -1091,22 +1089,26 @@ this poem, announcing that spring is here:
The unchanging tree is green.
-
-Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka.
-
-Awa-bana kasu card,
-with a shortened version of the same tanka (the
-other kasu card bears the same phrases).
-
-
+> [!multi]
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > Echigo-banakasu cards, with tanka.
+>
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > An Awa-banakasu card, with a shortened version of the same tanka (the other kasu card bears the same phrases).
### 2月
@@ -1371,12 +1373,15 @@ lang="ja-Latn">Yorimasa from the Heike
Monogatari,[@HeikeMonogatari pp. 161–3] but the oldest decks do not have
a moon on this card.
-Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> Echigo-banakasu cards, with tanka.
The tanka on the kasu
cards is similar to Poem 135 from the Summer section of the Familiar as the skirt Of a well-worn robe,
-Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> Echigo-banakasu cards, with tanka.
This poem, which appears in full on the kasu cards
of the Echigo-bana pattern,[@PoemsOfTheEchigobana p.
@@ -1466,16 +1474,18 @@ distinguish between はha an
ばba.{%endfn%} Because of
this scene, the iris and the planked bridge have a long association in Japan.
-Irises at Yatsuhashi 八橋図屏風 A pair of screens by the artist Ogata Kōrin (尾形光琳, 1658–1716)
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> .jpg)
+> .jpg)
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "extra-wide"
+> perRow: 2
+> license: 'cc0'
+> ```
+>
+> Irises at Yatsuhashi 八橋図屏風 A pair of screens by the artist Ogata Kōrin (尾形光琳, 1658–1716)
### 6月
@@ -1563,15 +1573,15 @@ lang="ja-Latn" file="pronunciation_ja_赤豆.mp3" %}). Bush clover is very
strongly associated with autumn — the Japanese character 萩 is a composition of 秋 ‘autumn’ and 艹 (full form 艸) ‘grass’.
-hagi flowers at [Taiyū temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiy%C5%AB-ji)
-(太融寺), by Hasegawa
-Sadanobu (長谷川貞信).
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> People viewing hagi flowers at [Taiyū temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiy%C5%AB-ji) (太融寺), by Hasegawa Sadanobu (長谷川貞信).
Bush clover is also (along with miscanthus, see the next month) considered one of the “seven flowers of autumn” (秋の七草), a term which derives from a pair of poems in the Man’yōshū (book 8:1537–8):[@TheManyoshu p. 212]
@@ -1925,13 +1935,15 @@ Beautiful is the Tatsuta With Autumn’s brightest weaving; If I cross
-Echigo-bana kasu cards,
-with tanka.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> Echigo-banakasu cards, with tanka.
The poem on the Echigo-banakasu cards is Poem 437 from the ‘Autumn 2’ section of the
@@ -2046,14 +2058,16 @@ which are visible in some patterns, are an attribute of the thunder god {%
pronounce noun=true lang="ja-Latn" word="Raijin" pronouncer="kaori410f"
file="pronunciation_ja_雷神.mp3" %} (雷神).
-Ōtsu-e, Raijin
-attempts to recover his drum.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> position: "aside"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> In this Ōtsu-e, Raijin attempts to recover his drum.
In some older decks, the lightning card depicts a scene derived from [Ōtsu-e prints](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsu-e)
@@ -2209,27 +2223,26 @@ yellow, but sometimes with red as well. In some games it becomes a tane card, or even a tanzaku
card.
-
-> [!figure]
->
-> ```yaml
+> [!multi]
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > One of the Paulownia cards of the Echigo-kobana pattern has a tanzaku.
>
- size="small"
- src="ekb_junk_12.jpg"
- alt="A small Hanafuda card depicting Paulownia with a large red streak across it."
-> ```
->
-> One of the Paulownia cards of the Echigo-kobana pattern has a tanzaku.
-
-kasu of the Awa-bana pattern is marked with the red clouds that
-usually indicate a tane card.
-
-
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > The yellow-coloured kasu of the Awa-bana pattern is marked with the red clouds that usually indicate a tane card.
Usually (in Japanese decks) the manufacturer’s mark is on the coloured kasu card, much like the ace of spades is used in European
diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/intro/intro.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/intro/intro.md
index fd67301a..2fd76207 100644
--- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/intro/intro.md
+++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/intro/intro.md
@@ -227,25 +227,25 @@ Japanese decks also contain joker-like cards featuring oni (鬼, a Japanese ogre); see the
next page for more examples of these.
-
-
-
-
+> [!multi]
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > Assorted jokers from a Korean Flower deck.
+>
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > Assorted jokers from a Korean Rainbow deck.
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
-> size="small"
-src='hwatoo_jokers.jpg'
-alt="Two cards labelled ‘joker’, one with a frog and one with a black bird."
+> size: small
> ```
>
> Two joker cards from the Yongjaeng Hwatoo ‘Style’ deck.
diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md
index 6b603e35..9bb8f670 100644
--- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md
+++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md
@@ -151,21 +151,15 @@ lang="ko-Latn">hwatu decks. Each of them comes with an additional six
joker cards, appropriate to the theme. Both decks were crowdfunded on the Korean
site ‘tumblbug’.
-냥투 (nyangtu, ‘meow fight’) deck (2016).
-
-The name is a pun on hwatu with the Korean nyang meaning ‘meow’.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> Jamaistore’s 냥투 (nyangtu, ‘meow fight’) deck (2016). The name is a pun on hwatu with the Korean nyang meaning ‘meow’.
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
->
- src='Meongtu.jpg'
- alt="The 5 brights of the Nyangtu deck, featuring cats interposed into the traditional cards."
-> ```
+> 
>
> Jamaistore’s 멍투 (meongtu, ‘woof fight’) deck (2017).
@@ -179,11 +173,7 @@ are larger and longer than normal playing cards.
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
->
- src="Modern_Hanafuda.jpg"
- alt="Five playing cards, the first with a crane with its neck arched back and pine trees patterened with criss-crossing stripes, the second with cherry blossoms behind a curtain bearing a cherry blossom pattern, the third of a white moon in a red sky over circular hills in orange and yellow, the fourth with a man holding an umbrella and standing under a willow tree watching a frog, and the fifth with a Japanese phoenix beating its wings over realistically-shaped Paulownia flowers."
-> ```
+> 
>
> The 5 Bright cards of the Modern Hanafuda deck.
@@ -208,11 +198,7 @@ lang="ja-Latn">Kabufuda cards.
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
->
- src='NishikiHana.jpg'
- alt=""
-> ```
+> 
>
> The 5 Bright cards of the standard Nishiki Fuda deck.
@@ -225,11 +211,7 @@ several editions over the years.
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
->
- src='YongJaengStyle.jpg'
- alt=""
-> ```
+> 
>
> The five Bright cards of the Yongjaeng Hwatoo Style deck (2017).
diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md
index 6e26127f..eb8f007d 100644
--- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md
+++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ the front indicates their highest-quality card, but it could contain either
Hanafuda or Kabufuda
cards.
-Nintendō wrapper indicating that it
-contains standard (八々花hachihachibana) Hanafuda cards, with black (黒) backs.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> The end of a Nintendō wrapper indicating that it contains standard (八々花hachihachibana) Hanafuda cards, with black (黒) backs.
Traditionally, decks were boxed in sets of two, usually one with black backs and
the other with red backs. The outer box containing the two decks would have a
@@ -383,13 +383,12 @@ right.
-Hanafuda decks and purple was used for
-Western style (“trump”) decks.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+>
+> Tax stamps of the type used from 1960 until the tax was abolished in 1989. Pink was used for Hanafuda decks and purple was used for Western style (“trump”) decks.
## Current Manufacturers
@@ -452,28 +451,32 @@ lang="ja" class="circled">福 (fuku,
[yagō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yag%C5%8D)) of
the Yamauchi family.
-Nintendō storefront in Kyōto (original source dates this as 1889, but it seems
-more likely to be after 1900).
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "wide"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> The Nintendō storefront in Kyōto (original source dates this as 1889, but it seems more likely to be after 1900).
-Nintendō trademarks, registered in 1900
-by Yamauchi Fusajirō.[@Trademarks1905 p. 67] Note
-that at this time Nintendō had not yet started using
-the stylized form of the marufuku symbol.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> position: "aside"
+> perRow: 2
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> Some early Nintendō trademarks, registered in 1900 by Yamauchi Fusajirō.[@Trademarks1905 p. 67] Note that at this time Nintendō had not yet started using the stylized form of the marufuku symbol.
In the past Nintendō produced many varieties of
local cards or Mekuri cards, but today they only
@@ -485,13 +488,16 @@ lang="ja">丸福天狗; and Miyako no Hana都の花 ‘flowers of the city’.
-Nintendō’s Daitōryō
-packaging (1970s). Note the Marufuku mark at top
-right.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+>
+> ```
+>
+> Nintendō’s Daitōryō packaging (1970s). Note the Marufuku mark at top right.
+
> [!figure]
>
> ```yaml
@@ -691,13 +697,15 @@ far as I know, they are the only major manufacturer still producing Mefuda cards. They also produce reproductions of even
older cards, such as the Unsun deck.
-Ōishi Tengudō
-decks, showing the high variability caused by the technique.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "wide"
+> ```
+>
+> Cards from two different hand-printed Ōishi Tengudō decks, showing the high variability caused by the technique.
Hanafuda they produce, they also publish some novelty
decks, such as the Kyōto Hanafuda:
-Kyōto Hanafuda’s 5 Brights, showing icons and landmarks of Kyōto.
-
-From left to right they represent: a fox with a jewel in its mouth, from the
-gate of the [Fushimi Inari
-shrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha) (伏
-見稲荷大社); [Toyotomi
-Hideyoshi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi) (豊臣秀吉), [Kita no
-Mandokoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Ddai-in) (
-北政所), and [Yodogimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo-dono) (淀君) at [Fushimi
-Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushimi_Castle) (伏見城
-); the character 大 (dai, ‘large’), which is lit on fire on mount Daimonji (大文字山) during the
-festival of [Gozan no
-Okuribi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozan_no_Okuribi) (五山送り火, ‘five mountain fire’); the warrior monk [Benkei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benkei) (弁慶) meeting [Minamoto no
-Yoshitsune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune) (源義経), who is playing the flute, at Gojō bridge (五条橋); and the
-[Kyōto
-Sanga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Sanga_FC) (京
-都サンガ) football club, whose logo contains the Chinese/Japanese phoenix
-that is normally featured on the Paulownia bright card.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+>
+> The Kyōto Hanafuda’s 5 Brights, showing icons and landmarks of Kyōto. From left to right they represent: a fox with a jewel in its mouth, from the gate of the [Fushimi Inari shrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha) (伏 見稲荷大社); [Toyotomi Hideyoshi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi) (豊臣秀吉), [Kita no Mandokoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Ddai-in) ( 北政所), and [Yodogimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo-dono) (淀君) at [Fushimi Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushimi_Castle) (伏見城 ); the character 大 (dai, ‘large’), which is lit on fire on mount Daimonji (大文字山) during the festival of [Gozan no Okuribi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozan_no_Okuribi) (五山送り火, ‘five mountain fire’); the warrior monk [Benkei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benkei) (弁慶) meeting [Minamoto no Yoshitsune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune) (源義経), who is playing the flute, at Gojō bridge (五条橋); and the [Kyōto Sanga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Sanga_FC) (京 都サンガ) football club, whose logo contains the Chinese/Japanese phoenix that is normally featured on the Paulownia bright card.
In conjunction with Ganzofutonekodō (元祖ふとねこ堂), they produced Hananekofuda (花猫札), featuring Japanese cats:
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
### Angel (エンゼルenzeru)
@@ -1627,26 +1608,31 @@ the collection of Lady Charlotte Schreiber, bequeathed to the British Museum in
> Another version of the storefront box, from the WCPCM collection.
-Tamada trademarks, registered in 1899 by
-Tamada Yasunosuke (玉田安之助
-).[@Trademarks1905 p. 66]
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> position: "aside"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> Some early Tamada trademarks, registered in 1899 by Tamada Yasunosuke (玉田安之助 ).[@Trademarks1905 p. 66]
-Nihon Karuta trademarks, registered in
-1915.[@Trademarks1924_8 p. 295]
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> position: "aside"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> Earliest Nihon Karuta trademarks, registered in 1915.[@Trademarks1924_8 p. 295]
The mark of both of these companies was 中 with corner at
top-right.
@@ -1891,17 +1877,16 @@ Their brands included:
-Yamashiro store exterior; in reality it was nowhere near
-as large as this. The advertising boards at the left depict Guan Yu and Shi Jin, who
-represent two of the company’s brands (see trademark images at right).
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "extra-wide"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> A box wrapper from around 1900 featuring an imaginary depiction of the Yamashiro store exterior; in reality it was nowhere near as large as this. The advertising boards at the left depict Guan Yu and Shi Jin, who represent two of the company’s brands (see trademark images at right).
### Ryūtendō (龍天堂)
@@ -2226,12 +2211,11 @@ brands included:
>
> The fune wrapper.
-narikomaya wrapper. The repeated symbol is イ菱 ‘イ caltrop’, the mon of the Nakamura Ganjirō
-line of actors.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> The narikomaya wrapper. The repeated symbol is イ菱 ‘イ caltrop’, the mon of the Nakamura Ganjirō line of actors.
### Nakao Kōkeidō (中尾晃恵堂)
@@ -2282,16 +2266,19 @@ this type of umbrella is also referred to as a Sukeroku-gasa (助六傘).
-Nishimura trademarks, registered in 1915 by
-Nishimura Inosuke (西村伊之助
-).[@Trademarks1924_8 p. 296]
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> position: "aside"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> Early Nishimura trademarks, registered in 1915 by Nishimura Inosuke (西村伊之助 ).[@Trademarks1924_8 p. 296]
At first an important manufacturer in Tōkyō, but
later cards were made by other makers including Ōishi
@@ -2436,12 +2423,11 @@ included point values on the cards, as well as the name of the month and the
flower associated with the month. Interestingly, the point values on some of the
cards indicate that they were intended to be played with Hawaiian rules.
-Nippon Yūgi’s poker-format deck, possibly created
-for sale in Hawai'i.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> Nippon Yūgi’s poker-format deck, possibly created for sale in Hawai'i.
### Universal (ユニバーサル)
@@ -2492,18 +2478,20 @@ This particular deck is listed as number “350” on the packaging.
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
-> src='Universal_TrumpHana_Extras.jpg' alt=""
-> ```
+> 
>
> The extra [Hachi-Hachi](games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md)-related cards of Universal’s Trump-Hana deck. I’m not sure of the significance of the “vase” Joker, since usually the Joker has the manufacturer’s name. It could be intended as a multilingual pun on “Universal” (ユニバーセル yunibāseru) → “Universe” (ユ ニバースyunibāsu), which sounds like “uni-vase” (one vase).
-
-
-The joker and manufacturer’s Paulownia card from the “Star Playing Cards” brand.
-The Universal #350 deck’s manufacturer’s card is identical to this one.
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> The joker and manufacturer’s Paulownia card from the “Star Playing Cards” brand. The Universal #350 deck’s manufacturer’s card is identical to this one.
-
A larger sized Hana-Trump deck (numbered
“25”) of theirs has different Kings which feature additional
@@ -2512,9 +2500,7 @@ additional suit in games with more players.
> [!figure]
>
-> ```yaml
-> src='Universal_25_brights.jpg' alt=""
-> ```
+> 
>
> The Bright cards of Universal’s Hana-Trump deck. This particular deck is listed as number “25” on the packaging.
diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/variations/variations.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/variations/variations.md
index 02501746..547aeda4 100644
--- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/variations/variations.md
+++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/variations/variations.md
@@ -11,27 +11,21 @@ hero:
originalUrl: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68532869@N08/16201732242
---
-This article lists games that are variations on standard Hanafuda. Full rules for these games are not given here
-but on the game articles (if they exist).
+This article lists games that are variations on standard Hanafuda. Full rules for these games are not given here but on the game articles (if they exist).
## Hanafuda tiles
-Hanafuda has been produced in a tile format (like
-Mahjong) by various companies in Japan. These Hanafuda tiles (花札牌hanafuda pai) are designed to be used to play standard
-games.
+Hanafuda has been produced in a tile format (like Mahjong) by various companies in Japan. These Hanafuda tiles (花札牌hanafuda pai) are designed to be used to play standard games.
-
-Hanafuda tiles produced by Hakuto (白東),
-published with the English title “Family Flower Chess”, and
-Japanese title 花駒 (hanakoma,
-literally ‘flower pawn’).
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: wide
+> ```
+>
+> Hanafuda tiles produced by Hakuto (白東), published with the English title “Family Flower Chess”, and Japanese title 花駒 (hanakoma, literally ‘flower pawn’).
## IROTORI
@@ -40,27 +34,22 @@ literally ‘flower pawn’).
lang="ja-Latn">Hanafuda deck. The altered deck consists of a reduced set
of 32 cards, having 4 cards in each of 8 “suits”.
-
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: wide
+> ```
## Formosa Flowers
-Formosa Flowers is a board game published by [Soso
-Studio](https://www.sosostudio.com/) that adapts the Hanafuda deck to Taiwanese flowers and customs, and comes
-with a fresh ruleset developed for the cards.
+Formosa Flowers is a board game published by [Soso Studio](https://www.sosostudio.com/) that adapts the Hanafuda deck to Taiwanese flowers and customs, and comes with a fresh ruleset developed for the cards.
## Hana-Awase: Japanese Flower MEMO
-Hana-Awase is a tile-based version that uses the
-Hanafuda deck to play “memory”-style games. It has
-several levels of difficulty to suit children from ages 2 up.
+Hana-Awase is a tile-based version that uses the Hanafuda deck to play “memory”-style games. It has several levels of difficulty to suit children from ages 2 up.
-The art was designed with consultation from Ebashi
-Takashi in order to produce art with colours consistent with traditional
-Japanese dye-making techniques.
+The art was designed with consultation from Ebashi Takashi in order to produce art with colours consistent with traditional Japanese dye-making techniques.
diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md
index 8fc9e971..7cf3dae9 100644
--- a/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md
+++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md
@@ -14,23 +14,18 @@ expelled from the country entirely. Tenshō cards were made illegal in 1648.[@DragonsOfPortugal
p. 46]
-
-The Matsuura folding screen 松浦屏風, a National Treasure of Japan, created in the Edo period, currently at the Yamato Bunkakan.
-
-
-
-
-
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: extra-wide
+> orgName: Wikimedia Commons
+> originalUrl: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matsuura-Byobu-by-Iwasa-Matabei.png
+> license: cc0
+> ```
+>
+> The women on the left are playing cards with a Portuguese-influenced deck. The Matsuura folding screen 松浦屏風, a National Treasure of Japan, created in the Edo period, currently at the Yamato Bunkakan.
### Unsun Karuta (うんすんかるた)
diff --git a/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md b/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md
index 6afdc245..b5ebb657 100644
--- a/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md
+++ b/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md
@@ -105,17 +105,31 @@ form a mata for their last set) they call ‘ceki’.{%fn%}From Hokkien 一枝 ‘one
card’.{%endfn%}
-ceki’, hoping to turn the pair of identical 8s
-into a mata.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> cram: true
+> noborder: true
+> size: "wide"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> A hand with four complete sets that can be called as ‘ceki’, hoping to turn the pair of identical 8s into a mata.
Once any player has called, whenever a player draws from the face-down stock,
they must reveal the card before adding it to their hand. If it is the winning
diff --git a/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md b/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md
index eb6f7e28..d8b0d38a 100644
--- a/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md
+++ b/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md
@@ -20,13 +20,15 @@ and later developed into more complex casino variants.
## Sweat-Cloth / Chuck-A-Luck
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> A professionally-produced Chuck-A-Luck layout, from Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 19].
The play of the game is simple: there is a staking-board with six cells
containing the numbers 1 through 6. Each player places their bet(s) on numbers
@@ -445,13 +447,16 @@ reality the edge is nearly three times higher, at 21.43%.
If this wasn’t enough, the game was often played with a gaffed wheel that
allowed the operator to stop the spindle spinning at will.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> An H. C. Evans & Co. spindle and layout from their 1909–10 catalogue, as reproduced in @GamblingAndGamblingDevices [p. 145].
+
### Jumbo Dice Wheel (Big Six)
diff --git a/src/games/faro/faro.md b/src/games/faro/faro.md
index 0a7906fe..f380f0a2 100644
--- a/src/games/faro/faro.md
+++ b/src/games/faro/faro.md
@@ -7,14 +7,16 @@ players: banking
{/* DOI is broken: https://doi.org/10.25549/chs-m11411 */}
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> originalUrl: "https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/asset-management/2A3BF1G0JFM"
+> license: "cc0"
+> orgName: "University of Southern California Librarys & California Historical Society"
+> ```
+>
+> A game of Faro, circa 1900 (photograph by C. C. Pierce, 1861–1946).
+
+
diff --git a/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md b/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md
index c61cc9fc..7e94c784 100644
--- a/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md
+++ b/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md
@@ -16,13 +16,15 @@ There exist many different versions of Gunjin
### 15-piece version
-新行軍将棋. This was probably produced some
-time between 1945–55.[@HironoriGunjin]
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> ```
+>
+> The box for 新行軍将棋. This was probably produced some time between 1945–55.[@HironoriGunjin]
This version was sold as 新行軍将棋 (shinkōgunshōgi ‘new marching chess’). There are fourteen pieces: the first eleven are soldiers ranking from 元帥[^fn0] ‘marshal’ down to 少尉 ‘second lieutenant’; the rest are special pieces [ＭＰ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_police), ヒコーキ ‘aeroplane’, 原子爆弾 ‘atomic bomb’, and スパイ ‘spy’.
diff --git a/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md b/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md
index 90755250..d1da131e 100644
--- a/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md
+++ b/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md
@@ -12,30 +12,18 @@ date created: 2024-12-18
date modified: 2024-12-21
---
-Hachi-Hachi (八八, ‘88’) is
-the preëminent [Hanafuda](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/) gambling game for 3–7 players.
-In many old English sources it is considered synonymous with ‘hanafuda’ or ‘hana-awase’ and
-isn’t given a more specific name.
+Hachi-Hachi (八八, ‘88’) is the preëminent [Hanafuda](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/) gambling game for 3–7 players. In many old English sources it is considered synonymous with ‘hanafuda’ or ‘hana-awase’ and isn’t given a more specific name.
Ref: [@Hanafuda, p. 39] @Gimmi88 @HachiHachi @PlayingHanaKaruta
-The name derives from the objective of the game; the standard version of the
-game is for three active players, and there are 264 total card points available,
-so the goal for each player is to obtain at least their share, i.e. 264 ÷ 3 =
-**88** points.
+The name derives from the objective of the game; the standard version of the game is for three active players, and there are 264 total card points available, so the goal for each player is to obtain at least their share, i.e. 264 ÷ 3 = **88** points.
-Despite being — historically, at least — the most important Hanafuda game, it is also one of the most difficult. The
-play of the cards is the same as in other Hanafuda
-games, but the procedures of betting and payment combine to increase the
-complexity. There are also multiple sets of yaku,
-and specialized equipment that was commonly used with the game.
+Despite being — historically, at least — the most important Hanafuda game, it is also one of the most difficult. The play of the cards is the same as in other Hanafuda games, but the procedures of betting and payment combine to increase the complexity. There are also multiple sets of yaku, and specialized equipment that was commonly used with the game.
> [!todo]
> Because of this, I present a simplified base game first, and each subsequent section introduces another extension of the rules until the full version of the game is attained.[^zds] As a game that was often played in secret for money, there is no one ‘true’ set of rules, and there are also many optional variations and regional rules differences.
-> :[^zds] This approach was inspired by Z.D. Smith’s “A Curriculum of Vira”.
+>
+> [^zds]: This approach was inspired by Z.D. Smith’s “A Curriculum of Vira”.
## Rules
@@ -50,11 +38,7 @@ The Hachi-Hachiya
>
> However, in some extremely rare cases, I have seen rulesets where the scoring is not a simple linear combination. In this case, recourse to a lookup chart is required.
-The teyaku can be divided into two sets. The
-first set is based upon having sets of cards in the same month, and the second
-set is based upon having a large number of 1-point (kasu) cards. A player can score one combination in each
-set; they should pick the highest-scoring combination.
+The teyaku can be divided into two sets. The first set is based upon having sets of cards in the same month, and the second set is based upon having a large number of 1-point (kasu) cards. A player can score one combination in each set; they should pick the highest-scoring combination.
Note that in many ways the teyaku combinations should be considered _compensation_ for having a hand that is hard to win with, rather than a straightforward “winning combination” as in Texas Hold’em. As an example, a hand that has two pairs of three can only capture a maximum of three cards that are not already contained in the hand.
@@ -150,14 +134,7 @@ A hand consisting of only kasu cards.[^fn9]
[^fn9]: Also written 空巣, 空素, 空巢.
-Thus, the highest-scoring hand possible has both shisō and karasu; there
-is only one way this hand can be formed, giving it a
-1-in-73 629 072 chance of occurring! Even ordinary shisō has a mere 1-in-139 449 chance of being
-dealt, and when this happens it is a common house rule that the round is
-instantly won by the player who receives such a hand; some sources suggest that
-the deck should then be burned.
+Thus, the highest-scoring hand possible has both shisō and karasu; there is only one way this hand can be formed, giving it a 1-in-73 629 072 chance of occurring! Even ordinary shisō has a mere 1-in-139 449 chance of being dealt, and when this happens it is a common house rule that the round is instantly won by the player who receives such a hand; some sources suggest that the deck should then be burned.
-The overall number of possible hands with combinations from each set of teyaku are as follows. Each cell indicates the number
-of possible hands which contain both the given ‘set’ and ‘kasu’
-yaku, as well as the overall probability (many entries round to zero).
-By inverting the probability of the top-left entry, we can see that a teyaku is expected in about 1-in-4 dealt hands.
+The overall number of possible hands with combinations from each set of teyaku are as follows. Each cell indicates the number of possible hands which contain both the given ‘set’ and ‘kasu’ yaku, as well as the overall probability (many entries round to zero). By inverting the probability of the top-left entry, we can see that a teyaku is expected in about 1-in-4 dealt hands.
Counts and probabilities of possible teyaku combinations.
@@ -300,9 +272,7 @@ lang="ja-Latn">teyaku is expected in about 1-in-4 dealt hands.
#### Dekiyaku • 出役
-The number of dekiyaku is much smaller than the
-number of teyaku, but the number of them has grown
-over the time the game has been played.
+The number of dekiyaku is much smaller than the number of teyaku, but the number of them has grown over the time the game has been played.
The basic set of dekiyaku is:
@@ -325,22 +295,13 @@ The basic set of dekiyaku is:
### Aka-tan • 赤短 • “red ribbons”
-This yaku is made up of exactly the three red tanzaku cards of the first three months (pine, plum,
-cherry). No other tanzaku may be used to complete
-it.
+This yaku is made up of exactly the three red tanzaku cards of the first three months (pine, plum, cherry). No other tanzaku may be used to complete it.
-The cards that form the Aka-tan/Ura-Sugawarayaku, from an old [Tanaka
-Gyokusuidō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tanaka-gyokusuido)
-deck. The cards are labelled 𛀋らす (urasu), よろし (yoroshi), and す𛀙𛂦ら (sugawara).
+The cards that form the Aka-tan/Ura-Sugawarayaku, from an old [Tanaka Gyokusuidō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tanaka-gyokusuido) deck. The cards are labelled 𛀋らす (urasu), よろし (yoroshi), and す𛀙𛂦ら (sugawara).
It was also formerly known as ura-sugawara (裏菅原, ‘behind/inside Sugawara’) or urasu for short.[^fn10] This name was a reference to the popular kabuki play Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami (菅原伝授手習鑑, ‘Sugawara and the Secrets of Calligraphy’). In the play the three main characters are brothers who are named after the three plants featured on the cards: Matsuōmaru (松王丸, pine), Umeōmaru (梅王丸, plum), and Sakuramaru (桜丸, cherry). In the play the brothers wear costumes which bear symbols of the plants related to their names.
@@ -351,14 +312,13 @@ The yaku can also be called yor
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
->
- size="extra-wide"
- src='Sugawara_scene.jpg'
- alt=""
- originalUrl='https://collections.mfa.org/objects/217240',
- orgName='Museum of Fine Arts Boston',
- license='cc0'
+> size: extra-wide
+> originalUrl: 'https://collections.mfa.org/objects/217240',
+> orgName: 'Museum of Fine Arts Boston',
+> license: 'cc0'
> ```
>
> The ‘Kurumahiki’ (車引き, carriage-pulling) scene from Sugawara and the Secrets of Calligraphy. The three brothers can be seen at front wearing clothes bearing the plants: cherry blossoms, plum blossoms, and pine trees. An 1841 print by [Utagawa Kunisada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunisada) (歌川国貞).
@@ -368,67 +328,59 @@ The yaku can also be called yor
### Kashifuda • 菓子札 • “sweets cards”
-Kashifuda are cards that are used to stand in for
-money, since playing gambling games for real money has almost always been
-illegal in Japan. The name means ‘sweets cards’, but is also a pun on 貸しkashi (‘debt/favour’), so can
-be understood as ‘debt cards’. I think the name was originally probably meant to
-be the latter but was later modified into the current form. In any case, the
-cards usually show pictures of food and drink.
+Kashifuda are cards that are used to stand in for money, since playing gambling games for real money has almost always been illegal in Japan. The name means ‘sweets cards’, but is also a pun on 貸しkashi (‘debt/favour’), so can be understood as ‘debt cards’. I think the name was originally probably meant to be the latter but was later modified into the current form. In any case, the cards usually show pictures of food and drink.
-It is unclear how literally the images should be taken — did a card depicting a
-steak dinner require the loser to make payment in kind? It is fun to imagine so,
-but I have no evidence to support this.
+It is unclear how literally the images should be taken — did a card depicting a steak dinner require the loser to make payment in kind? It is fun to imagine so, but I have no evidence to support this.
-Kashifuda (c. 1920?), published by [Tsuchida
-Tenguya](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tsuchida-tenguya).
-At top left, two 25-kan notes, the left one reading
-小鯛雀𛁋し (‘Kodai Suzume
-sushi’), a sushi restaurant [that opened in Ōsaka in
-1781, and apparently a favourite of Emperor Meiji](http://www.sushiman.co.jp/company/); the other
-reads 上等蒸菓子 (‘fine steamed confectionary’). The two
-50-kan cards (top right, bottom left) are for 洋食 (‘Western meal’) and 上等葡萄酒
-(‘fine wine’). The reverse of the cards is designed to look like a Meiji-era 1-yen banknote that bore a portrait of the
-[Empress Jingū](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB),
-and which was used from 1881 until 1899. The set also contained (not pictured
-here) another 50-kan card and a 100-kan card.
-{/*https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/644611492846632960/702040093140975687/i-img800x600-1587393965cq878p755785.png*/}
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "extra-wide"
+> perRow: 3
+> ```
+>
+> Old-style Kashifuda (c. 1920?), published by [Tsuchida Tenguya](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tsuchida-tenguya). At top left, two 25-kan notes, the left one reading 小鯛雀𛁋し (‘Kodai Suzume sushi’), a sushi restaurant [that opened in Ōsaka in 1781, and apparently a favourite of Emperor Meiji](http://www.sushiman.co.jp/company/); the other reads 上等蒸菓子 (‘fine steamed confectionary’). The two 50-kan cards (top right, bottom left) are for 洋食 (‘Western meal’) and 上等葡萄酒 (‘fine wine’). The reverse of the cards is designed to look like a Meiji-era 1-yen banknote that bore a portrait of the [Empress Jingū](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB), and which was used from 1881 until 1899. The set also contained (not pictured here) another 50-kan card and a 100-kan card. {/*https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/644611492846632960/702040093140975687/i-img800x600-1587393965cq878p755785.png*/}
-Kashifuda as published by [Kamigataya](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#kamigataya)
-in denominations of 1, 10, 50, 100, and two different 25 cards (the only two in
-the set). The reverse bears the name “K.K.K.” which stands for Kamigataya [Kabushiki
-Kaisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha).
-
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
->
- noborder=true
- size="extra-wide"
- src="KashiNintendo_1.jpg;KashiNintendo_10.jpg;KashiNintendo_50.jpg;KashiNintendo_100.jpg;KashiNintendo_reverse.jpg"
- alt=";;;;"
+> noborder: true
+> size: "extra-wide"
+> perRow: 5
+> ```
+>
+> Kashifuda as published by [Kamigataya](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#kamigataya) in denominations of 1, 10, 50, 100, and two different 25 cards (the only two in the set). The reverse bears the name “K.K.K.” which stands for Kamigataya [Kabushiki Kaisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha).
+
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: extra-wide
> ```
>
> Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100.
@@ -436,13 +388,15 @@ Kaisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha).
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
->
- noborder=true
- size="extra-wide"
- src='KashiNintendo2_1.jpg;KashiNintendo2_10.jpg;KashiNintendo2_50.jpg;KashiNintendo2_100.jpg;KashiNintendo2_reverse.jpg'
- alt=";;;;"
-
+> noborder: true
+> size: extra-wide
> ```
>
> Later (redrawn) Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100.
@@ -450,44 +404,50 @@ Kaisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha).
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
->
- noborder=true
- size="extra-wide"
- src='KashiNintendo3_1.jpg;KashiNintendo3_10.jpg;KashiNintendo3_50.jpg;KashiNintendo3_100.jpg;KashiNintendo3_reverse.jpg'
- alt=";;;;"
-
+> noborder: true
+> size: extra-wide
> ```
>
> Yet later (slightly redrawn) Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100.
-Kashifuda cards produced by [Nakao
-Seikadō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#nakao-seikado),
-in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100, and the reverse of the 10. It is unclear
-what “NNN” means, but it may be in imitation of the “KKK” used by Kamigataya.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "extra-wide"
+> ```
+>
+> Kashifuda cards produced by [Nakao Seikadō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#nakao-seikado), in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100, and the reverse of the 10. It is unclear what “NNN” means, but it may be in imitation of the “KKK” used by Kamigataya.
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
->
- noborder=true
- size="extra-wide"
- src="Kashi非_1.jpg;Kashi非_5.jpg;Kashi非_25.jpg;Kashi非_100.jpg;Kashi非_reverse.jpg"
- alt=";;;;"
+> noborder: true
+> size: extra-wide
> ```
>
> Kashifuda by an unknown manufacturer, in denominations of 1, 5, 25, and 100.
-
---
Notes:
diff --git a/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md b/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md
index 4cf048c6..ff5eef47 100644
--- a/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md
+++ b/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md
@@ -47,14 +47,16 @@ lang="ja-Latn" file='pronunciation_ja_箱.mp3' %}).
If there are 8 people playing, then there will be no cards leftover to form the box; instead, whoever received the 3 of pao (or c3 with standard deck) drops out and their hand is shuffled to become the box.
-pao, also known as 黒火箸
-kuro-hibashi ‘black fire tongs’.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "small"
+> noborder: true
+> ```
+>
+> The 3 of pao, also known as 黒火箸 kuro-hibashi ‘black fire tongs’.
Before looking at their cards, each player in turn can exchange their hand with
the dealer’s hand. This can happen multiple times so that players can end up
diff --git a/src/games/kartu-lima/kartu-lima.md b/src/games/kartu-lima/kartu-lima.md
index 942f8e1f..f0946303 100644
--- a/src/games/kartu-lima/kartu-lima.md
+++ b/src/games/kartu-lima/kartu-lima.md
@@ -96,14 +96,24 @@ Red Flower is the second-highest.
-1) are ranked equally.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "small"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> Then the rest of the Myriads cards (aside from 1) are ranked equally.
### 3 & 4 Coins
@@ -173,15 +183,19 @@ There are four cards in this group; the 9 of Strings outranks the 8 of Strings,
alt="">
8 Strings is the second-highest.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "small"
+> justify: "centered"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> 5 & 7 Strings are ranked equally.
### Dika
@@ -194,35 +208,53 @@ Note that because these are really 12 separate groups, if one of the
-
-
-
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "small"
+> justify: "centered"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> All non-red rank-1 cards.
+
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "small"
+> justify: "centered"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The 2, 3, 4, and 6 of Strings.
+
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "small"
+> justify: "centered"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The 2, 5, 6, and 7 of Coins.
## Wangsalan
diff --git a/src/games/konane/konane.md b/src/games/konane/konane.md
index cf638aa8..99336282 100644
--- a/src/games/konane/konane.md
+++ b/src/games/konane/konane.md
@@ -109,17 +109,15 @@ the temple (marked “Hale o Lono” in the map below), in the current location
the Hawaii Community Foundation. Smaller boards were near what is now Iolani
Palace.
-Hawaiʻi](https://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/savedmaps/Pages/viewtext.php?s=browse&tid=61&route=browseby.php&by=newest).)
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> size: "wide"
+> ```
+>
+> A reconstruction of Honolulu as it was in 1810. Kamehameha lived in the large compound on the point at the bottom centre. Kou is the area around there, bordered by the yam field at the top. Archibald Campbell stayed for some time with Isaac Davis, who lived in the rightmost of the three houses on the left. (Map from the [University of Hawaiʻi](https://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/savedmaps/Pages/viewtext.php?s=browse&tid=61&route=browseby.php&by=newest).)
The game continued to be popular throughout the 19th century; William Brigham
(first director of Hawaii’s state museum) reported that King
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> ```
+>
+> Alternate boards of German origin:[@KlassischeSpiele p. 58] a ‘sun-mill’ (played with 12 pieces each), and two boards constructed from nested pentagons. The first pentagonal board is played with 11 pieces each, the second is designed to be played by two or more players: for two players use 12 pieces; for three, 8; for four, 6; and for five, 5.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> ```
+>
+> Two variations of a ‘cube’ board by David Parlett.[@OxfordBG p. 122] On the coloured board, a mill may not cross between differently-coloured regions, and the middle point may only be taken to complete a mill or prevent completion of a mill on the next turn.
-Ingo Althöfer), another
-pentagonal board (without joined corners), and a hexagonal board.
-
+
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> ```
+>
+> The Möbius board (invented by Ingo Althöfer), another pentagonal board (without joined corners), and a hexagonal board.
### Twelve Men’s Morris
diff --git a/src/games/pei/pei.md b/src/games/pei/pei.md
index a02af5f4..39c24875 100644
--- a/src/games/pei/pei.md
+++ b/src/games/pei/pei.md
@@ -59,29 +59,40 @@ This combination consists of the first three cards of the coin suit, in order.
The maximum score possible would be all 9 cards for 113 points.
-bunci ireng.
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> size: "small"
+> justify: "centered"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The first three cards of the coin suit must be obtained in order to score bunci ireng.
#### Red Thirteen (ꦧꦸꦚ꧀ꦕꦶꦲꦧꦁ bunci abang)
This combination is formed from one of each of the three red-stamped cards. It is worth 13 points per card, so at least 39 points. Any additional cards of the same type add 13 points each.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> justify: "centered"
+> size: "small"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The red-stamped cards.
#### Pang Kéyang (ꦥꦁꦏꦺꦪꦁ pang kéyang)
@@ -95,43 +106,58 @@ The red-stamped cards.
This combination is formed from one of each of White Flower, 8 of strings, and 9 of myriads. It scores 12 points per card (base 36 points), and 12 for each additional card.
-Pang Kéyang.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> justify: "centered"
+> size: "small"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The cards for Pang Kéyang.
#### Coin Pang (ꦥꦁꦥꦶꦕꦶꦱ꧀ pang picis)
This combination is formed from one of each of the 8 of coins, 2 of strings, and 2 of myriads. It scores 11 points per card (33 points), and 11 for each additional card.
-Pang Picis.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> justify: "centered"
+> size: "small"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The cards for Pang Picis.
#### Tiger (ꦩꦕꦤ꧀macan)
This combination is formed from one of each of the 1 of coins, 9 of strings, and 1 of myriads. It scores 10 points per card (30 points), and 10 for each additional card.
-Macan.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+> 
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> justify: "centered"
+> size: "small"
+> hidden: true
+> ```
+>
+> The cards for Macan.
### Possible bets
diff --git a/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md b/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md
index 1a53d312..7818ff56 100644
--- a/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md
+++ b/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md
@@ -239,24 +239,28 @@ and depictions often mention or show long knives that were kept behind the bars
to defend against any attempts upon the bank’s chest (see, e.g. the image on the
right below).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+> [!multi-extra-wide]
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > noborder: true
+> > license: "cc0"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > Drawing of tickets (Australia, 1873).[@DrawingTheNumbersForTheBankTicket]
+>
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > noborder: true
+> > license: "cc0"
+> > ```
+> >
+> > Drawing of tickets, with a rather mangled representation of a ticket (Australia, 1876).[@InAChineseLotteryShop]
In some Chinese versions of the game, there were restrictions imposed upon which characters could be drawn: ten had to be chosen from each of the upper and lower halves of the tickets, the whole four characters in a particular line, or four in a block or diagonal could not be selected at once (it is not stated how these restrictions were enforced).[@BettingOnEmpire p. 104] These rules would allow the players to feel like they were able to have more control by making informed selections of characters.
@@ -463,17 +467,17 @@ Despite the existence of other very similar games in China, such as the ‘mount
### In the United States
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> position: "aside"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> Mark Twain visits a Chinese lottery. Note brush in the right hand.[@RoughingIt p. 396]
According to @EncyclopediaOfKeno, the game was introduced to the Western United
States in the mid-19th century, and had reached the Eastern cities by 1870.
@@ -518,17 +522,19 @@ ticket = 10¢
10 = $297
*/}
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> license: "cc-by"
+> orgName: "University of California, Los Angeles"
+> orgAbbr: "UCLA"
+> identifier: "uclamss_1387_b12_18958-2"
+> originalUrl: "https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/13030/hb0q2nb02d"
+> ```
+>
+> Interior of a Chinese lottery & casino in California, 1938, during a police raid. Ink and brushes are provided to mark the chosen numbers, and on the floor lie discarded losing tickets.
In Seattle, some known banks known in the 20th century were named: Union, N.P.,
Shanghai, New American, and Wing Tien.[@WhenChinatownHadItsOwnLotteries] During
@@ -652,17 +658,20 @@ all too easy to find examples of the former.
#### Legality and Hypocrisy
- [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> position: "aside"
+> orgName: "Alexander Turnbull Library"
+> identifier: "Eph-A-LOTTERY-1920s-01"
+> license: "with-permission"
+> originalUrl: "https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22741041"
+> ```
+>
+> A used “pakapoo” ticket from New Zealand, probably from the 1920s. This ticket records four simultaneous bets on sets of five numbers; the drawn lines divide the ticket into four separate zones.
-
Pakapoo was illegal from 1862 in Otago,[@RememberingChinatown p. 93] and would
be made illegal nationwide with the passage of the [Gaming and Lotteries Act of
@@ -738,15 +747,19 @@ Court was dismissed on the basis that pakapoo was a game of chance, and not a
lottery;[@PakAPooNotALottery] taken at face value, the Act stated that games of
chance were only illegal if played in public places.
- [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> orgName: "Alexander Turnbull Library"
+> identifier: "PUBL-0090-001"
+> license: "with-permission"
+> originalUrl: "https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23132885"
+> ```
+>
+> Two men in the “Southern Bank” on Walker Street in Dunedin, 1904.
-
With the game seeming to be on the verge of becoming legal, in 1904, the “Gaming
and Lotteries Act Amendment Bill” was introduced to parliament by [James
@@ -797,27 +810,32 @@ Europeans.”[@GamblingAmongChinese]
In any case, McGowan’s 1904 bill was subsequently withdrawn and this version of
the amendment was never passed.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> position: "aside"
+> noborder: true
+> orgName: "Papers Past"
+> originalUrl: "https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/free-lance/1906/11/03/5"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> By 1906 the appetite had increased for regulation of all forms of gambling.
-The Free Lance protests against the inconsistent
-application of gambling laws, whilst still portraying a Chinese man in a racist manner.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> noborder: true
+> orgName: "Papers Past"
+> originalUrl: "https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/free-lance/1904/08/27/5"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> This 1904 cartoon from The Free Lance protests against the inconsistent application of gambling laws, whilst still portraying a Chinese man in a racist manner.
Only a year later, in 1905, the Supreme Court again heard a case regarding
Pak-A-Poo (Lee Sun v. Daniel Conolly),[@LeeSunVDanielConolly] and
@@ -845,20 +863,18 @@ upon trade with China:
> people in the world, and it should be remembered that we forced opium on them
> because of the profit in it. It is utter hypocrisy.” [@HarryingOfChinese]
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> identifier: "PAColl-7796-35"
+> orgName: "Alexander Turnbull Library"
+> license: "with-permission"
+> originalUrl: "https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22706477"
+> ```
+>
+> Pakapoo tickets discovered during the demolition of a house on Wellington’s Haining Street, May 1960. Haining Street was the centre of Wellington’s Chinese community and had also been the centre of pakapoo activity: of the 53 buildings that existed on the street, 20 of them were used for pakapoo at some stage or another.[@RepresentingHainingStreet2 pp. 94–135]
Now that we are able to look back with the benefit of time and more sources, it
is clear that, despite lurid newspaper and magazine reports of pakapoo dens and
@@ -921,17 +937,18 @@ this was still at the time the Chinese game.{%endfn%} but here I recount what
appears to be the main thread of popularization which led to widespread
commercial implementation of Keno.
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> originalUrl: "https://oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb1t1n982s/?order=3&brand=oac4"
+> identifier: "AAS ARC 2000/13: box: fol. 4"
+> orgName: "UC Berkeley, Ethnic Studies Library"
+> license: "cc0"
+> ```
+>
+> Evidence of Chinese attempts at popularizing the game include tickets with numerals written in place of Chinese characters.
In the early 20th century, versions of the “Chinese lottery” were being played
in Butte, Montana. Just like the examples above of other locations the game had
@@ -1139,20 +1156,18 @@ Other examples of horse names include:
-
+> [!figure]
+>
+> 
+>
+> ```yaml
+> license: "cc-by-nc-nd"
+> licenseVersion: "4.0"
+> originalUrl: "https://archive.org/details/FamilyAffairHaroldsClub/page/n209"
+> orgName: "University of Nevada Oral History Program"
+> ```
+>
+> The race-horse keno counter at Harolds Club in the 1940s. Note the “squirrel cage” containing the balls. The payoffs listed are identical to those reported at the Crown Cigar Store in Montana, 1948.[@StatevCrownCigarStore]
The Bank Club (the next-door rival of the Palace Club) and Harolds Club were
soon to follow by installing Keno games of their own.[@AlwaysBetOnTheButcher p.
diff --git a/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md b/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md
index b6b175f6..c114abaf 100644
--- a/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md
+++ b/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ date modified: 2024-12-22
This page discusses variants of what — for lack of a better term — I call the ‘three-card game’. The game is played with a deck of cards and the goal is to achieve a score as close to 9 as possible. It dates from at least the late Ming dynasty (c. 1580–1600), but has spread to many countries, with one route in particular originating in Japan, passing down through the Malay Archipelago, and arriving in Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory of Australia. The most widespread version of the game today is that derived in Europe and known as Baccarat.
-{/*
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
-> position="left" src="../../maps/OichoKabu.svg" alt=""
+> position: left
> ```
>
-> Countries where the game has been played.
-*/}
+> Countries where the game has been played. (TODO)
The earliest reference that I know of is that of Pān Zhīhéng (潘之恒, 1556–1622), a late Ming-era poet who mentioned the game 扯三章/扯三張[^fn0] (‘draw 3 cards’) in passing while describing the rules of the game 扯三章 (‘draw 5 cards’, for which, see the [Five Card](games/five-card/five-card.md) article). The rules are not explicitly given (he simply states 扯三張例俱如前 ‘drawing 3 cards: rules as above’ after a subsection of the 5-card rules), but it is clear from the context that the game is essentially the same as the more recent versions given below.[@XuYeziPu_2] Pān also describes the game being played for drinks:[@XuYeziPu_2 281]
@@ -69,11 +69,7 @@ In Japan the game is usually played with special cards called ```
+> 
>
> A full deck of forty Kabu cards produced by [Tamura Shōgundō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tamura-shogundo).
@@ -83,10 +79,14 @@ Possibly the game was originally called the ‘three card’ (
> [!figure]
>
+> 
+>
> ```yaml
-> src="3card.png" alt="" noborder=true position="aside"
- license="cc0" originalUrl="https://iiif.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/repo/s/katei/document/cb3e601f-5df0-4433-bbae-723e214ef33c"
- orgName="General Library in the University of Tokyo"
+> noborder: true
+> position: aside
+> license: cc0
+> originalUrl: "https://iiif.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/repo/s/katei/document/cb3e601f-5df0-4433-bbae-723e214ef33c"
+> orgName: "General Library in the University of Tokyo"
> ```
>
> A three-card game being played in a picture that accompanies the story “A Man Coming to [Ponto”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto-ch%C5%8D) 「先斗に置て来多男」 in the book Twenty Cases of Unfilial Children 本朝二十不孝 (1686) by [Ihara Saikaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihara_Saikaku) (井原西鶴, 1642—1693); the book is a parody of the Chinese classic [Twenty-Four Paragons of Filial Piety 二十四孝.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twenty-four_Filial_Exemplars)
@@ -213,17 +213,23 @@ Similarly, in the bunraku/kabuki play Ōtō-no
### “Yakuza”
-{%aside%}
-An interesting coincidence pointed out by Ryan Sartor is that when translated to the Hanafuda deck (with which the game could also be played), the card values 893 correspond to the following card combination (役yaku), which is named nomi (飲み ‘drinking’), and is used in several Hanafuda games:
-
-{%endaside%}
+> [!aside]
+> An interesting coincidence pointed out by Ryan Sartor is that when translated to the Hanafuda deck (with which the game could also be played), the card values 893 correspond to the following card combination (役yaku), which is named nomi (飲み ‘drinking’), and is used in several Hanafuda games:
+> > [!figure]
+> >
+> > 
+> > 
+> > 
+> >
+> > ```yaml
+> > size: "small"
+> > justify: "centered"
+> > authorFamily: "Mantia"
+> > authorGiven: "Louie"
+> > copyrightYear: 2021
+> > license: "cc-by-sa"
+> > licenseVersion: "4.0"
+> > ```
A hand that sums to zero is the worst possible hand. The name of one of these hands — that comprising the 8, 9, and 3 cards — will be familiar to many English-speakers today as the word used for Japanese gangsters, yakuza. The name is a straightforward reading (one of several possible) of the numbers 八九三 (893), and, before being applied to gangsters, was a term derived from the Oicho-Kabu hand which also meant “useless” or “good-for-nothing”.
Angel (エンゼル enzeru)
@@ -1627,26 +1608,31 @@ the collection of Lady Charlotte Schreiber, bequeathed to the British Museum in
> Another version of the storefront box, from the WCPCM collection.
-
Ryūtendō (龍天堂)
@@ -2226,12 +2211,11 @@ brands included:
>
> The fune wrapper.
-
Nakao Kōkeidō (中尾晃恵堂)
@@ -2282,16 +2266,19 @@ this type of umbrella is also referred to as a Sukeroku-gasa (助六傘).
-
-