From 9cf8d96a14a9a6791ce7938a40a2b2c4a2170ae3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: George Pollard Date: Thu, 26 Dec 2024 16:14:15 +1300 Subject: [PATCH] Settle on an image format --- build/src/mdast_to_html.rs | 28 +- src/articles/cards/ceki/ceki.md | 48 +- src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md | 206 ++- .../cards/japan/hanafuda/intro/intro.md | 63 +- .../new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md | 245 ++- .../traditional-manufacturers.md | 1354 ++++++++++++----- src/articles/cards/japan/japan.md | 28 +- .../japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md | 2 +- src/articles/cards/korea/korea.md | 10 +- src/articles/cards/new-zealand/new-zealand.md | 666 +++++--- .../families/mill-games/mill-games.md | 61 +- src/articles/lists/john-taylor.md | 10 +- src/articles/lists/thomas-crosfield.md | 12 +- src/games/achi/achi.md | 29 +- src/games/all-fours/all-fours.md | 31 +- src/games/assault/assault.md | 86 +- src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md | 62 +- src/games/belangkai/belangkai.md | 13 +- .../black-and-white-cocks.md | 22 +- src/games/camelot/camelot.md | 120 +- src/games/cholek-tiga/cholek-tiga.md | 13 +- src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md | 155 +- src/games/chuhong/chuhong.md | 11 +- src/games/circle-chases/circle-chases.md | 11 +- src/games/cokoo/cokoo.md | 10 +- .../crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md | 607 +++++--- src/games/daldos/daldos.md | 12 +- src/games/eight-faces/eight-faces.md | 10 +- src/games/euchre/euchre.md | 11 +- src/games/fan-tan/fan-tan.md | 37 +- .../fishing-for-hairtails.md | 13 +- src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md | 24 +- src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md | 65 +- src/games/horseshoe/horseshoe.md | 54 +- src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md | 13 +- src/games/knurr-and-spell/knurr-and-spell.md | 12 +- src/games/koa/koa.md | 13 +- src/games/konane/konane.md | 52 +- src/games/leap-frog/leap-frog.md | 13 +- src/games/liubo/liubo.md | 16 +- src/games/morabaraba/morabaraba.md | 110 +- src/games/morra/morra.md | 11 +- src/games/mu-torere/mu-torere.md | 13 +- .../nine-mens-morris/nine-mens-morris.md | 128 +- src/games/pai-tong/pai-tong.md | 17 +- .../paper-scissors-rock.md | 30 +- src/games/passage/passage.md | 13 +- src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md | 39 +- src/games/prinola/prinola.md | 26 +- src/games/senet/senet.md | 94 +- src/games/shax/shax.md | 12 +- src/games/sheded/sheded.md | 10 +- src/games/sija/sija.md | 11 +- .../sixteen-soldiers/sixteen-soldiers.md | 47 +- src/games/take-it-away/take-it-away.md | 13 +- src/games/teeko/teeko.md | 38 +- src/games/tehonbiki/tehonbiki.md | 66 +- src/games/tensho/tensho.md | 6 +- src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md | 35 +- .../three-mens-morris/three-mens-morris.md | 10 +- src/games/tic-tac-toe/tic-tac-toe.md | 12 +- src/games/tri-hex/tri-hex.md | 12 +- .../tribord-et-babord/tribord-et-babord.md | 13 +- src/games/trou-madame/trou-madame.md | 11 +- .../under-seven-over-seven.md | 11 +- src/games/yoote/yoote.md | 12 +- src/games/zuilu/zuilu.md | 13 +- 67 files changed, 3393 insertions(+), 1668 deletions(-) diff --git a/build/src/mdast_to_html.rs b/build/src/mdast_to_html.rs index d6a78ad8..58d36902 100644 --- a/build/src/mdast_to_html.rs +++ b/build/src/mdast_to_html.rs @@ -273,20 +273,36 @@ impl Converter { fn handle_blockquote(&self, blockquote: Blockquote) -> Markup { if let Some(Node::Paragraph(p)) = blockquote.children.first() { if let Some(Node::Text(t)) = p.children.first() { - let trimmed = t.value.trim_start(); - if let Some(trimmed) = trimmed.strip_prefix("[!aside]") { + let trimmed = t.value.trim(); + if trimmed == "[!aside]" { return html! { aside role="note" class="footnote" { - p { - (trimmed.trim()) - (self.expand(p.children.clone().into_iter().skip(1).collect())) - } (self.expand(blockquote.children.into_iter().skip(1).collect())) } }; } else if trimmed.starts_with("[!todo]") { // not rendered return Markup::default(); + } else if trimmed == "[!figure]" { + todo!() + } else if trimmed == "[!multi]" { + return html! { + div.multi { + (self.expand(blockquote.children.into_iter().skip(1).collect())) + } + }; + } else if trimmed == "[!multi-wide]" { + return html! { + div.multi.wide { + (self.expand(blockquote.children.into_iter().skip(1).collect())) + } + }; + } else if trimmed == "[!multi-extra-wide]" { + return html! { + div.multi.extra-wide { + (self.expand(blockquote.children.into_iter().skip(1).collect())) + } + }; } else if trimmed.starts_with("[!") { panic!("unknown callout: {}", trimmed.split_once("]").unwrap().0) } diff --git a/src/articles/cards/ceki/ceki.md b/src/articles/cards/ceki/ceki.md index ff438b77..72d359a8 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/ceki/ceki.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/ceki/ceki.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ hero: aliases: - Ceki date created: 2024-12-18 -date modified: 2024-12-22 +date modified: 2024-12-23 ---

@@ -2008,9 +2008,9 @@ Timor
(1876)[@HetMaleischderMolukken] -{%aside%} -The book @GatewayToOldSchoolGames uses the spellings: burung = burong, batik = bateh, yu = yeo, hue sio = huay sio, putih = puteh, ji = jee, sa = sarh, si = see, go = gor, lak = lark. -{%endaside%} +> [!aside] +> +> The book @GatewayToOldSchoolGames uses the spellings: burung = burong, batik = bateh, yu = yeo, hue sio = huay sio, putih = puteh, ji = jee, sa = sarh, si = see, go = gor, lak = lark. ## Games @@ -2067,30 +2067,44 @@ In some descriptions, Ceki is itself a game (a variant of {%gameref balik-satu%} ## Manufacturers & Brands -A bird perched on a branch. - -The logo for Handelsvereeniging Harmsen Verweij & Dunlop N.V.. - - +> [!figure] +> +> ![A bird perched on a branch.](Handelsvereeniging_logo.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> ``` +> +> The logo for Handelsvereeniging Harmsen Verweij & Dunlop N.V.. (Extinct) European manufacturers included: -A black and white advertisement with an image of two tigers fighting. - -Newspaper advertisement in [Sin Po](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Po_(newspaper)), 20th March 1922, for Mesmaekers Frères’ Dua Macan (‘two tigers’) brand ceki cards (kartoe tjeki), being sold by Handel Mij. (also publishers of the newspaper). - - +> [!figure] +> +> ![A black and white advertisement with an image of two tigers fighting.](Sin_Po_1922_03_20_001.png) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> noborder: true +> originalUrl: "https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/uploaded_files/dokumen_isi3/Terbitan%20Berkala/Sin_Po_1922_03_20_001.pdf" +> license: cc0 +> ``` +> +> Newspaper advertisement in [Sin Po](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Po_(newspaper)), 20th March 1922, for Mesmaekers Frères’ Dua Macan (‘two tigers’) brand ceki cards (kartoe tjeki), being sold by Handel Mij. (also publishers of the newspaper). * Camoin, a French company that was based in Marseille * Handelsvereeniging Harmsen Verweij & Dunlop N.V., a Dutch company that had offices in Java, Sumatra, and Celebes (Sulawesi)[@TraditionCardGameCeki] * [Mesmaekers Frères](https://www.wopc.co.uk/belgium/mesmaeker/mesmaeker-moentack), a Belgian company based in Turnhout whose cards were imported to Java by Brandon Mesritz & Co.[@ChiChiPai] Their brands included: - * Dua Macan (‘two tigers’), trademark registered 15th October 1887.[@Turnhout p. 32] This brand was also used for other types of cards, like domino cards.{/* stefan_lauwers_domino_cards.jpg */} + * Dua Macan (‘two tigers’), trademark registered 15th October 1887.[@Turnhout p. 32] This brand was also used for other types of cards, like domino cards. * Cartamundi, a Belgian company based in Turnhout, and now the largest manufacturer of playing cards in the world. Their brands included: - * Three Goats Brand (also labelled 行通南?),{/* jef_smets_cartamundi_three_goats.jpg */} trademark registered 26 July 1972.[@Turnhout p. 47] Decks containing Ceki cards seem to have been in a red packet and labelled ‘A’; green and ‘B’ were four-colour cards. + * Three Goats Brand (also labelled 行通南?), trademark registered 26 July 1972.[@Turnhout p. 47] Decks containing Ceki cards seem to have been in a red packet and labelled ‘A’; green and ‘B’ were four-colour cards. -{/* {/*

榮興記

*/}*/} +> [!todo] +> stefan_lauwers_domino_cards.jpg +> jef_smets_cartamundi_three_goats.jpg +>

榮興記

Old Indonesian brands included: diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md index 815197b5..12c712fe 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/art/art.md @@ -848,12 +848,17 @@ these extra cards, are unknown — Ōishi includes a note with every deck sold asking for anyone who knows the rules to contact them! - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="Echigo_Kobana_Extras.jpg" - alt="Four hanafuda cards, one with a picture of a Tengu and manfacturer’s name, the rest with a stylized depiction of a spearman." %} -The four extra cards of an Echigo-kobana deck by Ōishi Tengudō. - + alt="Four hanafuda cards, one with a picture of a Tengu and manfacturer’s name, the rest with a stylized depiction of a spearman." +> ``` +> +> The four extra cards of an Echigo-kobana deck by Ōishi Tengudō. + ### Awa-­bana/Kintoki­-bana @@ -884,11 +889,15 @@ file='pronunciation_ja_kintoki.mp3' word="Kintoki" %} (金時 ), [a legendary strong-boy also known as Kintarō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kintar%C5%8D). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="KintokiBana_Brights.jpg" - alt="Five hanafuda cards with bright colours and overpainted with silver."> -The 5 Brights of the Awa-bana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō. - + alt="Five hanafuda cards with bright colours and overpainted with silver." +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of the Awa-bana pattern, by Ōishi Tengudō. ### Dairen-bana @@ -1168,12 +1177,17 @@ Without the voice of the warbler that comes out of the valley, how would we know - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="poem-4.jpg" - alt="The kasu cards of the Echigo-bana pattern which bear the poem." %} -Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka. - + alt="The kasu cards of the Echigo-bana pattern which bear the poem." +> ``` +> +> Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka. + The poem on the Echigo-bana kasu cards (the origin of which is unknown) also describes @@ -1263,16 +1277,21 @@ lang="ja">舞楽) scene, with a large drum decorated with flames (火焔太鼓 kaendaiko).
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="cherry_bugaku1.jpg" alt="" orgName="Worshipful Company of the Makers of Playing Cards", orgAbbr="WCMPC", originalUrl="http://www.playingcardmakerscollection.co.uk/Cardhtml/W0329.html", - license="with-permission" %} -A bugaku scene from a combination card produced by Tenguya Tsutida. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> A bugaku scene from a combination card produced by Tenguya Tsutida. + - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="poem-3.jpg" - alt="The kasu cards of the Echigo-bana pattern which bear a poem." %} -Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka. - -The kasu cards of the Echigo-bana pattern which bear a poem. ``` +> +> Echigo-bana kasu cards, with tanka. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="awa_junk_8.jpg" - alt="The kasu cards of the Awa-bana pattern which bears a different portion of the poem." %} -Awa-bana kasu cards, with reduced form of the tanka. - + alt="The kasu cards of the Awa-bana pattern which bears a different portion of the poem." +> ``` +> +> Awa-bana kasu cards, with reduced form of the tanka. +
@PoemsOfTheEchigobana says that the poem on the (河合乙州) came to visit him with a gi > this grass door—
dusk arrives with a present
of chrysanthemum > sake[@GreveSake] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" noborder=true position="aside" @@ -1785,9 +1817,11 @@ Otokuni (河合乙州) came to visit him with a gi originalUrl="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg", authorGiven="Philip", authorFamily="Nilsson", - copyrightYear=2006 %} - The Imperial Seal of Japan. - + copyrightYear=2006 +> ``` +> +> The Imperial Seal of Japan. + Chrysanthemums were also prized for their secular beauty, and collectors competed to breed particularly beautiful varieties. @@ -1819,7 +1853,10 @@ lang="ja-Latn">tanzaku card, and two kasu cards. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src='Tatsutagawa.jpg' alt="Maple trees with their leaves showing a bright red-orange colour." @@ -1827,9 +1864,11 @@ cards. licenseVersion='3.0', originalUrl='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nara_Prefectural_Tatsuta_Park01s3s4200.jpg', author='663highland', - copyrightYear=2010 %} -Maple trees along the banks of the Tatsuta-gawa in autumn. - + copyrightYear=2010 +> ``` +> +> Maple trees along the banks of the Tatsuta-gawa in autumn. + The tenth month is represented by autumn leaves/maple (紅葉 momiji/{% pronounce pronouncer="El55" word="kōyō" lang="ja-Latn" file='pronunciation_ja_紅葉.mp3' %}). The Hyakunin Isshu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogura_Hyakunin_Isshu). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true position="aside" size="small" alt="A combination Hanafuda-Western playing cards tobacco card with maple leaves floating on water, and the 10 of spades." - src='Murai4.jpg' %} -This Murai Brothers tobacco card shows maple leaves floating on water. - + src='Murai4.jpg' +> ``` +> +> This Murai Brothers tobacco card shows maple leaves floating on water. + While the leaves on the tane card are attached to a tree, the leaves on the other cards appear to be floating on water. This could @@ -1976,13 +2020,18 @@ On older decks, a different “rain man” is pictured. On these cards, the man running in the rain with the umbrella closed around his head. This feature is preserved in the Echigo-bana pattern. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" position="left" src="ekb_rainman.jpg" - alt="A card with a picture of a figure carrying an umbrella and walking away from the viewer. The figure has a fluffy orange tail." %} -The Echigo-kobana “rain man” appears to be some kind of animal. - + alt="A card with a picture of a figure carrying an umbrella and walking away from the viewer. The figure has a fluffy orange tail." +> ``` +> +> The Echigo-kobana “rain man” appears to be some kind of animal. + On the Echigo-kobana’s “rain man” card, the figure has a bushy tail and appears to be either a kitsune, @@ -2013,28 +2062,42 @@ attempting to ‘fish’ back a drum that he has dropped. Remnants of this desig can be seen in many decks of the standard pattern.
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src='hanafuda-musashino-09.pdf-000.jpg' - alt=""> - A dramatic fishing scene, from @DevilsPictureBooks. - - ``` +> +> A dramatic fishing scene, from @DevilsPictureBooks. +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="raijin_card_sun.jpg" - alt="Hands extending from a cloud dangle a hooked rope towards a floating drum." %} -A key-block print of the Raijin scene, from @MuraiSun. - -Hands extending from a cloud dangle a hooked rope towards a floating drum. ``` +> +> A key-block print of the Raijin scene, from @MuraiSun. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src='kaikinki-hanafuda11.pdf-000.jpg' alt="" orgName="Japan Playing Card Museum", orgAbbr="JPCM", originalUrl="https://japanplayingcardmuseum.com/image/kaikinki-hanafuda11.pdf", - license="with-permission" %} - A card with hook visible at bottom, from a deck by Hakamada (袴田). - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> A card with hook visible at bottom, from a deck by Hakamada (袴田). +
### 12月 @@ -2058,27 +2121,37 @@ von Siebold, a German botanist who also collected various playing cards from Japan, including [a very early Hanafuda deck.](https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/up-cgi/getimgrd.pl?tn=1&ti=2047&h=./history/w11614825036_3149&ch=1&p=param/pfvs/db_param&o=1&k=50&sf=0&so=&im=0&li=10&fn=0.jpg) {%endaside%} - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" alt="" src="shutterstock_666401218.jpg" license="stock-image", orgName="Shutterstock.com", author="Dina Rogatnykh", - originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/flowers-paulownia-tomentosa-close-666401218" %} -Flowers of the paulownia tree. - + originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/flowers-paulownia-tomentosa-close-666401218" +> ``` +> +> Flowers of the paulownia tree. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="shutterstock_1546151357.jpg" alt="" license="stock-image", orgName="Shutterstock.com" author="Stray Toki", - originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/toyotomi-hideyoshi-family-crest-on-roof-1546151357" %} -The paulownia crest was most famously used by the Toyotomi family. - + originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/toyotomi-hideyoshi-family-crest-on-roof-1546151357" +> ``` +> +> The paulownia crest was most famously used by the Toyotomi family. + The twelfth month is represented by paulownia (桐 kiri). @@ -2137,12 +2210,17 @@ lang="ja-Latn">tane card, or even a tanzaku card.
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src="ekb_junk_12.jpg" - alt="A small Hanafuda card depicting Paulownia with a large red streak across it." %} -One of the Paulownia cards of the Echigo-kobana pattern has a tanzaku. - + alt="A small Hanafuda card depicting Paulownia with a large red streak across it." +> ``` +> +> One of the Paulownia cards of the Echigo-kobana pattern has a tanzaku. + 光 柳に小野道風 yanagi ni Ono no Tōfū * the phoenix (December), 桐に鳳凰 kiri ni hōō -TODONintendo deck. - - - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small", src='5_brights.jpg', alt="TODO" position="aside" +> ``` +> +> The five bright cards, from a standard Nintendo deck. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" justify="centered" src="../Hanafuda_1-1.svg;../Hanafuda_3-1.svg;../Hanafuda_8-1.svg;../Hanafuda_11-1.svg;../Hanafuda_12-1.svg" @@ -85,19 +93,29 @@ The five bright cards, from a standard Nintend copyrightYear=2021, license="cc-by-sa", licenseVersion="4.0", - perRow=5 %} -The bright cards of a Japanese deck. - + perRow=5 +> ``` +> +> The bright cards of a Japanese deck. + In some decks, especially Korean ones, these are marked with the 光 character for ease of identification.[^fn0] [^fn0]: Maeda Masafumi (前田雅文, d. 1998) of the manufacturer Ōishi Tengudō has claimed that these markings were actually a trademark-like feature that they used, which was picked up by the Korean manufacturers as a standardized marking.[@ModernKoreanCards] -TODO피에로) deck. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small", src='5_brights_kr.jpg', alt="TODO" position="aside" +> ``` +> +> The five bright cards, from a Korean Pierrot (피에로) deck. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="small" justify="centered" @@ -109,9 +127,11 @@ The five bright cards, from a Korean Pierrot (피에로) license="cc-by-sa", licenseVersion="4.0", originalUrl="http://www.marcusrichert.com/images/hwatu/", - perRow=5 %} -The bright cards of a Korean deck. - + perRow=5 +> ``` +> +> The bright cards of a Korean deck. + #### Tane cards @@ -220,11 +240,16 @@ next page for more examples of these.
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src='hwatoo_jokers.jpg' -alt="Two cards labelled ‘joker’, one with a frog and one with a black bird." %} -Two joker cards from the Yongjaeng Hwatoo ‘Style’ deck. - +alt="Two cards labelled ‘joker’, one with a frog and one with a black bird." +> ``` +> +> Two joker cards from the Yongjaeng Hwatoo ‘Style’ deck. + ## Basic matching rules diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md index 9cf6ce67..6b603e35 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/new-manufacturers/new-manufacturers.md @@ -26,11 +26,15 @@ Blank’s Art Project have created several Hwatu decks with custom art: on Korean site ‘wadiz’), and Pebble Film Edition (2019). They have also created custom promotional decks for Jeju beer (2017). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='PebbleHwatu.jpg' - alt=""> -The five Bright cards of the Pebble Hwatu deck (2016). - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The five Bright cards of the Pebble Hwatu deck (2016). ## [Hanafuda Hawaii](http://www.hanafudahawaii.com/) @@ -42,20 +46,28 @@ artwork, including scores printed on the cards and with helpful icons to identify scoring combinations on the cards. In the rules given with the deck, there are not “5 Brights”, so the “4 Brights” are reproduced here: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Hawaii_5Brights.jpg' - alt=""> -Hanafuda Hawai‘i Style bright cards. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Hanafuda Hawai‘i Style bright cards. The cards of November show more of the style of the cards (note the ‘rain man’ is worth a mere 5 points with the Hawaiian rules): - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Hawaii_November.jpg' - alt=""> -Hanafuda Hawai‘i Style November cards. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Hanafuda Hawai‘i Style November cards. **Hanafuda Nā Pua Hawai‘i** is probably my favourite of all the modern Hanafuda decks. It recontextualizes the game with the @@ -64,17 +76,25 @@ Hawai‘i Style deck: in the month of March, for example, the cherry blossoms become ‘iliahi (sandalwood) flowers, and the curtain becomes the traditional kapa cloth. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NaPua_5Brights.jpg' - alt=""> -Hanafuda Nā Pua Hawai‘i bright cards. - - - ``` +> +> Hanafuda Nā Pua Hawai‘i bright cards. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NaPua_November.jpg' - alt=""> -Hanafuda Nā Pua Hawai‘i November cards. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Hanafuda Nā Pua Hawai‘i November cards. ## [Indianwolf Studios](http://www.indianwolfstudios.com/) @@ -85,11 +105,16 @@ Hanafuda](http://www.indianwolfstudios.com/sensu.html) (2019) decks, in poker-sized cards printed by Legends Playing Card Company. Both of these are available in a plain version, or one that has indices to aid new players. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Hanami.jpg' - alt="Five hanafuda cards drawn in a minimalistic but realistic style." %} -The five Bright cards of the Hanami Hanafuda deck. - + alt="Five hanafuda cards drawn in a minimalistic but realistic style." +> ``` +> +> The five Bright cards of the Hanami Hanafuda deck. + After another successful Kickstarter campaign, Indianwolf also produced the [Night @@ -99,17 +124,25 @@ deck is themed upon traditional Japanese monsters (yōkai), and it also comes with rules for a new game called “[Orochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamata_no_Orochi)”. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="IW_night_parade.jpg" - alt=""> -The five Bright cards of the Night Parade deck, and one joker. - - - ``` +> +> The five Bright cards of the Night Parade deck, and one joker. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='IW_tetraptych.jpg' - alt=""> -The tetraptych formed by the four Ks, all of which can be used as jokers. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The tetraptych formed by the four Ks, all of which can be used as jokers. ## [자매상점 (jamaistore)](https://www.instagram.com/jamaistore/) @@ -126,11 +159,16 @@ Jamaistore’s 냥투 (nyangtuhwatu with the Korean nyang meaning ‘meow’. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Meongtu.jpg' - alt="The 5 brights of the Nyangtu deck, featuring cats interposed into the traditional cards." %} -Jamaistore’s 멍투 (meongtu, ‘woof fight’) deck (2017). - + alt="The 5 brights of the Nyangtu deck, featuring cats interposed into the traditional cards." +> ``` +> +> Jamaistore’s 멍투 (meongtu, ‘woof fight’) deck (2017). + ## [Modern Hanafuda](http://www.modernhanafuda.net/) @@ -139,11 +177,16 @@ Jamaistore’s 멍투 (meongtu [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Modern_Hanafuda.jpg" - alt="Five playing cards, the first with a crane with its neck arched back and pine trees patterened with criss-crossing stripes, the second with cherry blossoms behind a curtain bearing a cherry blossom pattern, the third of a white moon in a red sky over circular hills in orange and yellow, the fourth with a man holding an umbrella and standing under a willow tree watching a frog, and the fifth with a Japanese phoenix beating its wings over realistically-shaped Paulownia flowers." %} - The 5 Bright cards of the Modern Hanafuda deck. - + alt="Five playing cards, the first with a crane with its neck arched back and pine trees patterened with criss-crossing stripes, the second with cherry blossoms behind a curtain bearing a cherry blossom pattern, the third of a white moon in a red sky over circular hills in orange and yellow, the fourth with a man holding an umbrella and standing under a willow tree watching a frog, and the fifth with a Japanese phoenix beating its wings over realistically-shaped Paulownia flowers." +> ``` +> +> The 5 Bright cards of the Modern Hanafuda deck. + ## [NISHIKI 錦](https://www.etsy.com/shop/nishikie) @@ -163,11 +206,15 @@ deck. The cards from A–10 have Japanese numerals for use as Kabufuda cards. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NishikiHana.jpg' - alt=""> -The 5 Bright cards of the standard Nishiki Fuda deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The 5 Bright cards of the standard Nishiki Fuda deck. ## [용쟁화투 Yongjaeng Hwatoo](http://www.hatoo.net/) @@ -176,11 +223,15 @@ lang="ko-Latn">hwatu decks in three varieties: Classic, Cute, and Style (pictured below). These designs have been produced in several editions over the years. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='YongJaengStyle.jpg' - alt=""> -The five Bright cards of the Yongjaeng Hwatoo Style deck (2017). - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The five Bright cards of the Yongjaeng Hwatoo Style deck (2017). ## Cochae @@ -201,13 +252,17 @@ The backgrounds are a metallic gold colour, which doesn’t show up well here. Junior have produced a ground-up redesign of Hanafuda into a poker format deck, printed by USPCC. The first edition is called the Phoenix deck (2019). Each different type of Hanafuda card has a different background, and all are identified by suit marker indices, which helps to clarify the cards for new players. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='louie_brights.jpg' size="wide" noborder=true - alt=""> -The 5 Bright cards of the Junior Phoenix Hanafuda deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The 5 Bright cards of the Junior Phoenix Hanafuda deck. To fill out the full 54 cards of a standard poker deck, there are an additional 6 ‘bamboo’ cards including an additional Fuji Bright @@ -215,13 +270,17 @@ and second Oni card:[^fn0] [^fn0]: These were inspired by the extra cards of the Universal deck. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='louie_bamboo.jpg' size="wide" noborder=true - alt=""> -The additional ‘Bamboo’ suit of the Phoenix deck, as well as the lightning card (featuring an oni) and an advertisement card. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The additional ‘Bamboo’ suit of the Phoenix deck, as well as the lightning card (featuring an oni) and an advertisement card. After the successful completion of [the Kickstarter campaign](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/juniorcards/junior-hanafuda) in 2020, two more Junior decks were produced: Dragon and Tiger. @@ -238,11 +297,15 @@ homage to the artistic techniques of the era. These additional cards can be used to play or invent new games; the set also includes rules for three original games invented by Ryan. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='pixel_hanafuda.jpg' - alt=""> -The five Brights of the Pixel Hanafuda deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The five Brights of the Pixel Hanafuda deck. [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='JR_brights.jpg' - alt=""> -The five Brights of the Tetsufuda deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The five Brights of the Tetsufuda deck. -The 5 Brights of Heroku’s deck. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Heroku_Brights.jpg' alt="" +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of Heroku’s deck. ## [Tuhwa (투화)](http://utmost.co.kr/portfolio/flower-war/) @@ -301,33 +372,45 @@ features different art based on traditional Korean art styles. The cards are much larger than those in a standard deck, and are made of plastic like other Korean decks. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Tuhwa_Brights.jpg' size="wide" - alt=""> - The 5 Brights of the Tuhwa (v2) deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of the Tuhwa (v2) deck. ## Hanafuda Koi-Koi: Deluxe Edition This deck was [Kickstarted in 2023](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ebaraf/hanafuda-and-the-one-hundred-torii-diverging-paths) by Pencil First Games. The art is by Vincent Dutrait. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='hanafuda_koikoi.jpg' noborder=true size="wide" - alt=""> -The 5 Brights of the Hanafuda Koi-Koi (deluxe edition) deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of the Hanafuda Koi-Koi (deluxe edition) deck. ## Brownies Carta de Flor In 2023, the video game company [Brownies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownies_(company)) (now part of Nintendo itself) produced a deck that was manufactured by Nintendo. The cards are in an art-nouveau style. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='brownies.jpg' noborder=true size="wide" - alt=""> -The 5 Brights of the Brownies deck. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of the Brownies deck. diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md index 2050f916..6e26127f 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/traditional-manufacturers.md @@ -43,11 +43,16 @@ manufacturer’s other brands, and sometimes awards that they have won, and the back end of the box (at top left) usually has text about the manufacturer or a list of brands. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="flat_wrapper.jpg" - alt="A hanafuda wrapper folded flat, showing the top face of the box and the four sides around it." %} -Anatomy of a [Tamura Shōgundō](#tamura-shogundo) Hanafuda wrapper. - + alt="A hanafuda wrapper folded flat, showing the top face of the box and the four sides around it." +> ``` +> +> Anatomy of a [Tamura Shōgundō](#tamura-shogundo) Hanafuda wrapper. + ### Manufacturer’s Marks @@ -55,12 +60,17 @@ Within the deck, the manufacturer’s name or mark is nowadays always on one of the Paulownia junk cards, but on older decks it can be on a Peony or Wisteria (for an example, see [below](#oishi-tengudo)), or another card entirely. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src='manufacturer-marks.jpg' - alt="Three cards all featuring Paulownia flowers, with maker’s marks printed upon them." %} -Manufacturer’s marks from Nintendō, Angel, and Maruē. - + alt="Three cards all featuring Paulownia flowers, with maker’s marks printed upon them." +> ``` +> +> Manufacturer’s marks from Nintendō, Angel, and Maruē. + Often the mark is a simplified version of the name,{%fn%}Also be aware that Japanese can be written in either direction; @OstasiatischeSpielkarten [p. 136] @@ -255,13 +265,18 @@ Dating old decks can be difficult. As manufacturers have not published any information about when certain brands or decks were produced, we can only go via public information. Some suggested methods are: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" size="small" src="date_card.jpg" - alt="A blank hanafuda card with the number 120124 printed on it." %} -A Nintendō blank card indicating the date of manufacture (2012–01–24). - + alt="A blank hanafuda card with the number 120124 printed on it." +> ``` +> +> A Nintendō blank card indicating the date of manufacture (2012–01–24). + * With recent Nintendō decks, the blank card included has a 6-digit date of manufacture printed on it. This is the only @@ -318,14 +333,19 @@ provided by Ebashi on his website: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="50sen_nintendo_cancellation.jpg" alt="A square blue tax stamp reading ‘50 sen’ in Japanese with a stylized chrysanthemum flower. The stamp is overprinted with black ink reading ‘Nintendo’ in Japanese." position="aside" copyrightYear=2023 authorGiven="Fabrice", authorFamily="Heilig", - license='with-permission' %} -This 50 sen stamp has a clear Nintendō (任天堂) cancellation mark. - + license='with-permission' +> ``` +> +> This 50 sen stamp has a clear Nintendō (任天堂) cancellation mark. +
-Two dark blue square stamps reading ‘ten yen’ in Japanese, with elaborate borders and stylized chrysanthemum flowers. Both stamps are overprinted by a single black ink stamp reading ‘Nintendo’ in Japanese. [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="30yen.jpg" alt="Two dark blue square stamps reading ‘ten yen’ in Japanese, with elaborate borders and stylized chrysanthemum flowers. Both stamps are overprinted by a single black ink stamp reading ‘Nintendo’ in Japanese." copyrightYear=2023 authorGiven="Fabrice", authorFamily="Heilig", - license='with-permission' %} -Two 10 yen (拾圓) stamps; the deck had 30 yen total, indicating that the deck was sold in 1947. The cancellation mark is Nintendō’s. - - ``` +> +> Two 10 yen (拾圓) stamps; the deck had 30 yen total, indicating that the deck was sold in 1947. The cancellation mark is Nintendō’s. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="100yen.jpg" alt="Two very dark blue square stamps reading ‘fifty yen’ in Japanese, and with a depiction of a Japanese emperor in the centre." copyrightYear=2023 authorGiven="Fabrice", authorFamily="Heilig", - license='with-permission' %} -Two 50 yen (𠄡拾円) stamps, indicating the deck was sold between 1947–48. - + license='with-permission' +> ``` +> +> Two 50 yen (𠄡拾円) stamps, indicating the deck was sold between 1947–48. +
都の花 ‘flowers of the city’. packaging (1970s). Note the Marufuku mark at top right. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Nintendo_Tengu.jpg" - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper featuring a red figure with a big nose, holding a fan made of feathers." %} -Nintendō’s Tengu packaging. - -A Hanafuda wrapper featuring a red figure with a big nose, holding a fan made of feathers. ``` +> +> Nintendō’s Tengu packaging. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Nintendo_Daitengu.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with a red figure with a big nose, holding a fan made of feathers." %} -Nintendō’s Daitengu packaging. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with a red figure with a big nose, holding a fan made of feathers. ``` +> +> Nintendō’s Daitengu packaging. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Miyako_no_Hana.jpg" - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with cherry blossoms and willow leaves hanging over a river." %} -Nintendō’s Miyako no Hana packaging. - + alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with cherry blossoms and willow leaves hanging over a river." +> ``` +> +> Nintendō’s Miyako no Hana packaging. + Other Nintendō Hanafuda @@ -538,33 +583,48 @@ The tokiwa external box and wrapper.
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Nintendo_goshozakura.jpg' alt="" orgName="beforemario.com", orgUrl="https://beforemario.com", copyrightYear=2021, - license="with-permission" %} -The gosho­zakura wrapper. - - ``` +> +> The gosho­zakura wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Nintendo_hinode.jpg' alt="" orgName="beforemario.com", orgUrl="https://beforemario.com", copyrightYear=2021, - license="with-permission" %} -The hinode wrapper. - - ``` +> +> The hinode wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Nintendo_hakubai.jpg' alt="An abstract image of a white plum flower on a red background." orgName="beforemario.com", orgUrl="https://beforemario.com", copyrightYear=2021, - license="with-permission" %} - The hakubai wrapper. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> The hakubai wrapper. +
One interesting deck they used to produce was **Hana-Trump**, which combined @@ -572,19 +632,29 @@ One interesting deck they used to produce was **Hana-Trump**, which combined standard playing card deck. Each rank of the standard pack corresponds to a month of the Hanafuda deck: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='HanaTrump_5Brights.jpg' - alt="The 5 bright cards from a Hana-Trump deck, which are hanafuda cards printed on the center of the standard international playing card deck." %} -The 5 Brights of Nintendō’s “Hana-Trump” deck. - + alt="The 5 bright cards from a Hana-Trump deck, which are hanafuda cards printed on the center of the standard international playing card deck." +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of Nintendō’s “Hana-Trump” deck. + Because there are four more cards in the standard deck compared to the Hanafuda one, Nintendō added an additional four cards (and two jokers) to the set. These extra cards are counterparts for specialized pieces of equipment present in boxed [Hachi-Hachi](games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md) (八八) sets. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='HanaTrump_Extra.jpg' - alt="Four additional cards corresponding to the Kings of the standard deck, and one joker card." %} -The extra cards of Nintendō’s “Hana-Trump” deck. From left-to-right, after the joker, these are: a blindfolded samurai, with text reading 不見出 (88 sets have a piece labelled 不見転, ‘loose morals’); a gunbai (軍配), a military leader’s fan which is nowadays used by sumo referees, which is inscribed 跡絶之章 (88 sets have a piece labelled 両桐絶体之章); a rice winnowing basket (箕 mi) inscribed 手役之章 (hand-yaku prize); and an award medal reading 吟見勲賞 (Ginmi Kunshō, ‘Ginmi Medal’), which is a prize for the ‘top player’ (Ginmi, usually spelt 吟味, 88 sets have a piece labelled 銀見勲章). - + alt="Four additional cards corresponding to the Kings of the standard deck, and one joker card." +> ``` +> +> The extra cards of Nintendō’s “Hana-Trump” deck. From left-to-right, after the joker, these are: a blindfolded samurai, with text reading 不見出 (88 sets have a piece labelled 不見転, ‘loose morals’); a gunbai (軍配), a military leader’s fan which is nowadays used by sumo referees, which is inscribed 跡絶之章 (88 sets have a piece labelled 両桐絶体之章); a rice winnowing basket (箕 mi) inscribed 手役之章 (hand-yaku prize); and an award medal reading 吟見勲賞 (Ginmi Kunshō, ‘Ginmi Medal’), which is a prize for the ‘top player’ (Ginmi, usually spelt 吟味, 88 sets have a piece labelled 銀見勲章). + Currently Nintendō also produce many novelty decks themed with their videogame characters, such as Mario (pictured below), Pokémon, @@ -642,13 +712,18 @@ lang="ja">大石サト).[@Trademarks1905 p. 65] This trademark was clearl based on that of [Sanjōya](#sanjoya). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" position="aside" src="Oishi_Mark.jpg" - alt="A card with wistera showing the manufacturer’s mark." %} -Ōishi Tengudō’s manufacturer’s mark, on a Wisteria card from an old Narikin deck. - + alt="A card with wistera showing the manufacturer’s mark." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s manufacturer’s mark, on a Wisteria card from an old Narikin deck. + Their main manufacturer’s mark is み with corner at top, but on some decks (e.g. Echigo-kobana), they have @@ -657,9 +732,14 @@ circled 高. Brands produced by Ōishi Tengudō have included:[@ModernJapaneseWrappers pp. 57–8] -takarabune is a [mythical ship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takarabune) that carries the [seven lucky gods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Lucky_Gods), as shown in this print by [Hiroshige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshige) (c. 1840). - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="Takarabune_by_Hiroshige.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Takarabune_by_Hiroshige.png", license="cc0", author="MichaelMaggs" +> ``` +> +> The takarabune is a [mythical ship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takarabune) that carries the [seven lucky gods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Lucky_Gods), as shown in this print by [Hiroshige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshige) (c. 1840). + * 金天狗 (kintengu, ‘golden Tengu’), also used for Kabu and Tehonbiki cards, trademarked in 1921[@Trademarks1924_18 p. 330] * 銀天狗 (gintengu, ‘silver Tengu’), also used for Kabufuda, trademarked in 1921[@Trademarks1924_18 p. 331] @@ -690,51 +770,106 @@ The takarabune is a [mythical ship](https://en.wikip * 將軍 (shōgun, ‘Shogun’), trademarked in 1921[@Trademarks1924_18 p. 334]
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='OishiTengudo.jpg' - alt="An image of a tengu mask on a gold background." %} -Ōishi Tengudō’s kintengu wrapper. This is now their standard brand. - -An image of a tengu mask on a gold background. ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s kintengu wrapper. This is now their standard brand. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_gintengu.jpg" - alt="An image of a tengu mask on a silver background." %} -Ōishi Tengudō’s gintengu wrapper. - -An image of a tengu mask on a silver background. ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s gintengu wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='OT_narikin.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda box front featuring a large Koban coin with ‘Narikin’ (newly rich) written on it." %} -Ōishi Tengudō’s narikin wrapper. - + alt="A Hanafuda box front featuring a large Koban coin with ‘Narikin’ (newly rich) written on it." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s narikin wrapper. +
-A hanafuda wrapper with a boat carrying seven people.Ōishi Tengudō’s takarabune wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with cherry blossoms and an old street light.Ōishi Tengudō’s sakura wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with peonies, cherry blossoms, and other flowers.Ōishi Tengudō’s hanazukushi wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a mountain and a man gazing into the distance.Ōishi Tengudō’s ōeyama wrapper. The man is wearing the clothing of the [Shugendō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D) sect, which Tengu are also depicted as wearing. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_takarabune.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a boat carrying seven people." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s takarabune wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_sakura.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with cherry blossoms and an old street light." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s sakura wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_hanazukushi.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with peonies, cherry blossoms, and other flowers." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s hanazukushi wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_oeyama.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a mountain and a man gazing into the distance." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s ōeyama wrapper. The man is wearing the clothing of the [Shugendō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D) sect, which Tengu are also depicted as wearing. +
-A hanafuda wrapper with an image of Abaraham Lincoln.Ōishi Tengudō’s Lincoln wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with an arrow striking the centre of a target.Ōishi Tengudō’s atariya wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper three tengu masks.Ōishi Tengudō’s santengu wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with flowers.Ōishi Tengudō’s shiki wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_lincoln.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of Abaraham Lincoln." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s Lincoln wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_atariya.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an arrow striking the centre of a target." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s atariya wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_santengu.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper three tengu masks." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s santengu wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="OT_shiki.jpg" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with flowers." +> ``` +> +> Ōishi Tengudō’s shiki wrapper. +
In addition to the many standard & local patterns of Ganzo­futo­neko&sh ### Angel (エンゼル enzeru)
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="AngelGenroku.jpg" - alt="The front of a Hanafuda wrapper reading ‘genroku’ in Japanese characters and with cherry blossoms." %} -Angel’s Genroku packaging (1970s, the current packaging is different). - -The front of a Hanafuda wrapper reading ‘genroku’ in Japanese characters and with cherry blossoms. ``` +> +> Angel’s Genroku packaging (1970s, the current packaging is different). + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Angel_Taihei.jpg" - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of an actor in Kabuki makeup and holding a sword." %} -The Taihei packaging. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of an actor in Kabuki makeup and holding a sword. ``` +> +> The Taihei packaging. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Angel_Daitenryu.jpg" - alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a dragon." %} -The Daitenryū packaging. - + alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a dragon." +> ``` +> +> The Daitenryū packaging. +
Angel was originally named Okina Karuta Honpo (翁かるた本舗), and was first based in the city of [Yōkaichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkaichi,_Shiga) (now Higashiōmi), Shiga prefecture (滋賀県八日市市). It is now based in Kyōto. They still use the character 翁 (okina) as their maker’s mark, or otherwise the name Angel is written エンゼル. On some cards this is [spelled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateji) 縁是留. @@ -824,24 +974,34 @@ Isshu and Iroha Karuta. At one point they produced a Hana-Trump deck with similar construction to that of Nintendō’s (above). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Angel_Jokers.jpg" - alt="Four additional cards corresponding to the Kings of the standard deck, and one joker card." %} -The extra cards of Angel’s “Hana-Trump” deck. - + alt="Four additional cards corresponding to the Kings of the standard deck, and one joker card." +> ``` +> +> The extra cards of Angel’s “Hana-Trump” deck. + ### Tamura Shōgundō (田村将軍堂) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="../../../../../../small-images/yaguruma.svg" size="small" noborder=true position="aside" license="cc0" alt="An example yaguruma symbol of seven arrows in a wheel, with the flights facing outwards." -%} -The yaguruma is a windmill-like device of arrows arranged in a wheel and allowed to rotate in the wind. They are associated with festivals, particularly the May 5th [Tango no Sekku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_no_sekku) festival, where they are placed on top of tall poles from which [koi streamers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koinobori) are flown. - + +> ``` +> +> The yaguruma is a windmill-like device of arrows arranged in a wheel and allowed to rotate in the wind. They are associated with festivals, particularly the May 5th [Tango no Sekku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_no_sekku) festival, where they are placed on top of tall poles from which [koi streamers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koinobori) are flown. + A small manufacturer, founded in 1921. Unlike other manufacturers, their mark is not a standard kanji-shape combination, but instead a stylized depiction of a yaguruma ( 矢車, ‘arrow wheel’). They have also published Harifuda and Shirofuda (blank cards) under the mark ㊀ (circled 一). They currently produce Hyakunin Isshu, Manyo Karuta, and Hanafuda. @@ -869,45 +1029,90 @@ lang="ja-Latn">Hanafuda cards; firstly the standard pattern, with brands * 総帥 (sōsui, ‘commander-in-chief’, depicting the [Duke of Wellington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington) (ウエリントン)), no longer in use as of 1980
-A hanafuda wrapper with cherry blossoms and a brazier.Tamura Shōgundō’s yozakura wrapper. This is an outer-box wrapper designed to contain two decks. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a palace on a lake.Tamura Shōgundō’s harukaze wrapper. This is an outer-boxed wrapper designed to contain two decks; [a wrapper for the individual deck can be seen above](#staticmediaflatwrapper-160054165411jpg). - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_yozakura.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with cherry blossoms and a brazier." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s yozakura wrapper. This is an outer-box wrapper designed to contain two decks. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_haruzake.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a palace on a lake." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s harukaze wrapper. This is an outer-boxed wrapper designed to contain two decks; [a wrapper for the individual deck can be seen above](#staticmediaflatwrapper-160054165411jpg). +
-A hanafuda wrappper with a man in military uniform.Tamura Shōgundō’s daishōgun wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a sunrise surrounded by wreaths.Tamura Shōgundō’s eikō wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with flowers on a wagon.Tamura Shōgundō’s hana­kurabe wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_daishōgun.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrappper with a man in military uniform." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s daishōgun wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_eiko.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a sunrise surrounded by wreaths." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s eikō wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_hanakurabe.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with flowers on a wagon." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s hana­kurabe wrapper. +
-A hanafuda wrapper with a bridge and overhanging maple leaves in autumn colours.Tamura Shōgundō’s kyō no nishiki wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with 'manten' written in kanji.Tamura Shōgundō’s manten wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a Japanese palace.Tamura Shōgundō’s Shishinden wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_kyō_no_nishiki.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a bridge and overhanging maple leaves in autumn colours." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s kyō no nishiki wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_manten.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with 'manten' written in kanji." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s manten wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TS_shishinden.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a Japanese palace." +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s Shishinden wrapper. +
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" position="aside" alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a depiction of an apprentice geisha under blossoms and autumn leaves." - src='Shogundo.jpg' %} -Tamura Shōgundō’s Kyō maiko brand. - + src='Shogundo.jpg' +> ``` +> +> Tamura Shōgundō’s Kyō maiko brand. + They also print a revised pattern, Nishiki (錦), which is larger and has a squarer format than standard @@ -917,11 +1122,16 @@ cards, and is printed with more, bolder colours. This is sold under brands: * 祇園茶屋 Gion chaya, ‘Gion teahouse’ (a district of Kyōto) * にしき花かるた Nishiki hana karuta, ‘Nishiki flower cards’ - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Nishiki_Brights.jpg' - alt="Five hanafuda cards with very bold colours, unlike normal hanafuda cards." %} -The 5 Brights of the Nishiki pattern. - + alt="Five hanafuda cards with very bold colours, unlike normal hanafuda cards." +> ``` +> +> The 5 Brights of the Nishiki pattern. + ## Extinct Manufacturers @@ -929,7 +1139,10 @@ These are producers that do not exist any more. ### Matsui Tengudō (松井天狗堂) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src='2448px-松井天狗堂.jpg' alt="A Japanese storefront with disintegrating sign and a pine tree growing in front." @@ -937,9 +1150,11 @@ These are producers that do not exist any more. copyrightYear=2017, author="Kokoron78", license="cc-by-sa", - licenseVersion="4.0" %} -The Matsui Tengudō store as it appeared in 2017, 7 years after shutting down. - + licenseVersion="4.0" +> ``` +> +> The Matsui Tengudō store as it appeared in 2017, 7 years after shutting down. + Matsui Tengudō was founded in Kyōto{%fn%}There was also an 三光 (sankō, ‘three brights’)
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Matsui_Botan.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of a red peony on it" %} -The botan wrapper. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of a red peony on it ``` +> +> The botan wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Matsui_3Brights.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with a plum blossom, pine tree, and curtain with cherry blossoms printed on it." %} -The sankō wrapper. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with a plum blossom, pine tree, and curtain with cherry blossoms printed on it. ``` +> +> The sankō wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Matsui_Kuppin.jpg' - alt="A Kabufuda wrapper showing the highest (9) and lowest (1) kabu cards." %} -The kuppin wrapper. - + alt="A Kabufuda wrapper showing the highest (9) and lowest (1) kabu cards." +> ``` +> +> The kuppin wrapper. +
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='MT_FujiZakura.jpg' - alt="A wrapper with an image of Mount Fuji and stylized cherry blossoms." %} -The fujizakura wrapper. - + alt="A wrapper with an image of Mount Fuji and stylized cherry blossoms." +> ``` +> +> The fujizakura wrapper. + Matsui also produced custom extended Hanafuda decks with 13 and 14 months, which can be used to play games with more people. The 13-month deck features bamboo as the additional suit, while the 14-month deck has both bamboo and lotus. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="wide" src='Matsui_13months.jpg' alt="" authorFamily="Mantia", authorGiven="Louie", copyrightYear=2021, - license="with-permission" %} -All the cards from Matsui Tengudō’s 13-month deck. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> All the cards from Matsui Tengudō’s 13-month deck. + 金花 (kin-hana ‘gold flowers’ flowers’).
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Ace_Admiral.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with the image of a Lord Nelson on the front." %} -Packaging of Ace’s Dai Teitoku brand, featuring Lord Nelson. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with the image of a Lord Nelson on the front. ``` +> +> Packaging of Ace’s Dai Teitoku brand, featuring Lord Nelson. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='AceGrandDuke.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with the image of a European nobleman on the front." %} -Packaging of Ace’s Dai Kōshaku brand; this is from a Kurofuda deck. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with the image of a European nobleman on the front. ``` +> +> Packaging of Ace’s Dai Kōshaku brand; this is from a Kurofuda deck. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Ace_Saigo.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with the image of a Japanese man in a double-breasted coat." %} -Packaging of Ace’s Dai Saigō brand. - + alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with the image of a Japanese man in a double-breasted coat." +> ``` +> +> Packaging of Ace’s Dai Saigō brand. +
### Maruē (マルエー) @@ -1091,47 +1346,82 @@ the same pronunciation as 花 hana, making this mark very punny.
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Marue.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of cherry blossoms on the front." %} -Packaging for Maruē’s Goten Sakura brand (1970s). - -A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of cherry blossoms on the front. ``` +> +> Packaging for Maruē’s Goten Sakura brand (1970s). + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Marue_silver_dragon.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with silver dragon on the front, wrapped in clouds." %} -Wrapper for the Ginryū brand. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with silver dragon on the front, wrapped in clouds. ``` +> +> Wrapper for the Ginryū brand. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Marue_gold_lion.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of a Chinese-style lion with roses." %} -Wrapper for the Kinjishi brand. - -A Hanafuda wrapper with an image of a Chinese-style lion with roses. ``` +> +> Wrapper for the Kinjishi brand. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Marue_gold_dragon.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with gold dragon on the front, swimming in water." %} -Wrapper for the Kinryū brand. - + alt="A Hanafuda wrapper with gold dragon on the front, swimming in water." +> ``` +> +> Wrapper for the Kinryū brand. +
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Marue_silver_dragon_box.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda box with silver dragon on the front, wrapped in clouds." %} -Box for the Ginryū brand. - -A Hanafuda box with silver dragon on the front, wrapped in clouds. ``` +> +> Box for the Ginryū brand. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Marue_gold_dragon_box.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda box with gold dragon, swimming in water." %} -Box for the Kinryū brand. - + alt="A Hanafuda box with gold dragon, swimming in water." +> ``` +> +> Box for the Kinryū brand. +
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src='Marue_gold_lion_box.jpg' - alt="A Hanafuda box with a lion and roses or peonies." %} -Box for the Kinjishi brand. - + alt="A Hanafuda box with a lion and roses or peonies." +> ``` +> +> Box for the Kinjishi brand. + Brands produced by Maruē included:[@ModernJapaneseWrappers p. 52] @@ -1167,20 +1457,28 @@ brands (including Fukusuke and Ginsuehiro) and manufacturer’s mark were taken over by Iwata Honten.[@ModernJapaneseWrappers pp. 48–59] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true src='Gyokusuido_brights.jpg' - alt=""> -Five Brights from a Tanaka Gyokusuidō deck. - - - ``` +> +> Five Brights from a Tanaka Gyokusuidō deck. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" size="small" src='Gyokusuido_brand.jpg' - alt=""> - Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s maker’s mark. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s maker’s mark. Their maker’s mark was 田 with corner on top, and brands included: @@ -1202,24 +1500,39 @@ included: * 小判 (koban, a large coin)
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" src='TG_fukusuke.jpg' - license="cc0" %} -Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s fukusuke brand. - - ``` +> +> Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s fukusuke brand. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" src='TG_ouzeki.jpg' - license="cc0" %} -Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s ōzeki brand. - - ``` +> +> Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s ōzeki brand. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" src='TG_suehiro.jpg' - license="cc0" %} -Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s suehiro brand. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Tanaka Gyokusuidō’s suehiro brand. +
### Iwata Honten (岩田本店) @@ -1253,21 +1566,36 @@ Brands included:[@ModernJapaneseWrappers p. 48] * 銀舞扇 (ginmaiōgi, ‘silver dancer’s fan’), (probably) manufactured by Nihon Karuta
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='kinmaiogi.jpg' - alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a fan, and a gold background" %} -The kinmaiōgi wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a fan, and a gold background ``` +> +> The kinmaiōgi wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='ginmaiogi.jpg' - alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a fan, and a silver background" %} -The ginmaiōgi wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a fan, and a silver background ``` +> +> The ginmaiōgi wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='hannya.jpg' - alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a horned mask." %} -The hannya wrapper. - + alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a horned mask." +> ``` +> +> The hannya wrapper. +
### Nihon Karuta Seizō (日本骨牌製造)/Tamada Fukushōdō (玉田福勝堂) @@ -1286,13 +1614,18 @@ the collection of Lady Charlotte Schreiber, bequeathed to the British Museum in ‘Japanese #2’.) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="W0316_box.jpg" alt="A box front depicting the storefront of a Japanese karuta manufacturer." - license="cc0" %} -Another version of the storefront box, from the WCPCM collection. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Another version of the storefront box, from the WCPCM collection. + the kane-naka symbolのお正月 ([nihon karuta] no oshōgatsu, ‘Nihon Karuta’s new year’)
-A hanafuda wrapper featuring a fan.Tamada Fukushōdō’s higashinishiki box. - -A hanafuda wrapper featuring a fan.Nihon Karuta’s higashinishiki box. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='TF_Fan.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper featuring a fan." +> ``` +> +> Tamada Fukushōdō’s higashinishiki box. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_higashinishiki.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper featuring a fan." +> ``` +> +> Nihon Karuta’s higashinishiki box. +
-A hanafuda wrapper featuring three people sitting on the floor playing a hanafuda game.kane no naka box. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_kane_no_naka.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper featuring three people sitting on the floor playing a hanafuda game." +> ``` +> +> The kane no naka box. +
-A hanafuda wrapper with plum blossomsumejirushi box. - -A hanafuda wrapper featuring a palace and cherry blossom trees.Nihon Karuta’s kokonoezakura box. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_umejirushi.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with plum blossoms" +> ``` +> +> The umejirushi box. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_kokonoezakura.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper featuring a palace and cherry blossom trees." +> ``` +> +> Nihon Karuta’s kokonoezakura box. +
-A hanafuda wrapper featuring a fan.higashinishiki wrapper, for a single deck. - -A hanafuda wrapper with an image of Mount Fujifuji wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with an image of Mount Fuji.kinfuji wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a shining jewel.hyakuman­doru wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a battledore paddle.oshōgatsu wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_higashinishiki-1.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper featuring a fan." +> ``` +> +> The inner higashinishiki wrapper, for a single deck. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_fuji.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of Mount Fuji" + authorFamily="琴比", authorGiven="良哲", authorFamilyFirst=true, authorLang="ja", license="with-permission", copyrightYear=2021 +> ``` +> +> The fuji wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_kinfuji.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of Mount Fuji." +> ``` +> +> The kinfuji wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_hyakumandoru.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a shining jewel." +> ``` +> +> The hyakuman­doru wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NK_oshogatsu.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a battledore paddle." +> ``` +> +> The oshōgatsu wrapper. +
Nihon Karuta’s standard pattern was a variation on @@ -1411,38 +1794,55 @@ card, which featured a [rabbit pounding mochi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_rabbit) in the moon: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="Five Hanafuda cards, which have thin blue lines showing detail in the black areas, unlike standard Hanafuda cards." - src='NihonKaruta_四光.jpg' %} -The bright cards of Nihon Karuta’s special pattern. - + src='NihonKaruta_四光.jpg' +> ``` +> +> The bright cards of Nihon Karuta’s special pattern. + Under the brand name of “Wind Mill”, Nihon Karuta have also produced Western-style playing cards, including their own Hana-Trump deck: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="Five playing cards with the Hanafuda design in center and a corresponding Western card depicted in the corners that are not occupied by the card indices." - src='Windmill_Brights.jpg' %} -The bright cards of Nihon Karuta’s Hana-Trump deck. These are obviously based on the much older [Universal](#universal) Trump-Hana deck. - - -Five cards, one a joker and the other four being kings with various objects depicted. + src='Windmill_Brights.jpg' +> ``` +> +> The bright cards of Nihon Karuta’s Hana-Trump deck. These are obviously based on the much older [Universal](#universal) Trump-Hana deck. -The extra [Hachi-Hachi](games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md)-related cards of Nihon Karuta’s Hana-Trump deck. There is a windmill depicted in the corners of the Joker card. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="Five cards, one a joker and the other four being kings with various objects depicted." src='Windmill_Extra.jpg' +> ``` +> +> The extra [Hachi-Hachi](games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md)-related cards of Nihon Karuta’s Hana-Trump deck. There is a windmill depicted in the corners of the Joker card. ### Yamashiro Shōten (山城商店) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true position="aside" src="Yamashiro_trademark1.png;Yamashiro_trademark2.png;Yamashiro_trademark3.png" alt=";;" - license="cc0" %} -Some of Yamashiro’s trademarks, registered in 1901 & 1902 by Yamashiro Yosaburō (山城與三郎).[@Trademarks1905 p. 66] - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Some of Yamashiro’s trademarks, registered in 1901 & 1902 by Yamashiro Yosaburō (山城與三郎).[@Trademarks1905 p. 66] + A Kyōto manufacturer that existed from at least 1901 through 1948,[@Yamaguchi p. 102] but stopped producing in 1962.[@ModernJapaneseWrappers p. 33] Their manfufacturer’s mark was ㊉ (circled 十). The founder was 山城與三郎 Yamashiro Yosaburō, which was sometimes abbreviated to 山與 Yamayo on printed cards. @@ -1465,20 +1865,30 @@ Their brands included: hunter’)
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="The front and back cover of a pamphlet" noborder=true src="yamashiro_mushi.jpg" - %} -An uncut sheet of Mushi cards, by Yamashiro. - + +> ``` +> +> An uncut sheet of Mushi cards, by Yamashiro. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="The front and back cover of a pamphlet" src="yamashiro_pricelist_cover.jpg" - license="cc0" %} -The cover of their pricelist shows a realistic shopfront, of similar construction to Nintendō’s store that is shown in a photo above. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> The cover of their pricelist shows a realistic shopfront, of similar construction to Nintendō’s store that is shown in a photo above. +
日の出 (hinode, ‘sunrise’) * 三日月 (mikazuki, ‘crescent moon’) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" src='Nakao_advert.jpg' - license="cc0" %} -A 1926 advertisement for Nakao Seikadō. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A 1926 advertisement for Nakao Seikadō. + ### Tsuchida Tenguya (土田天狗屋) @@ -1560,15 +1975,20 @@ Founded around 1894, Tsuchida Tenguya w lang="ja-Latn">kabu cards. Their mark was 天 in a square. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="W0317_Extra2.jpg;W0317_Card19.jpg;W0317_Extra1.jpg" alt=";;" orgName="Worshipful Company of the Makers of Playing Cards", orgAbbr="WCMPC", originalUrl="http://www.playingcardmakerscollection.co.uk/Cardhtml/W0317.html", - license="with-permission" %} -Wrapper, maker’s mark (on Wisteria), and advertising card from a dai­tengu deck. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> Wrapper, maker’s mark (on Wisteria), and advertising card from a dai­tengu deck. + In the 1930s their brands included (in descending price order): @@ -1591,7 +2011,10 @@ In the 1930s their brands included (in descending price order): * 青天狗 (ao­tengu, ‘blue tengu’), only used for kabu-, mekuri-, and mamefuda * 天狗 (tengu, ‘tengu’), only used for mamefuda - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Tsuchida_wrapper.jpg' size="wide" noborder=true @@ -1599,9 +2022,11 @@ In the 1930s their brands included (in descending price order): orgName="Worshipful Company of the Makers of Playing Cards", orgAbbr="WCMPC", originalUrl="http://www.playingcardmakerscollection.co.uk/Cardhtml/W0329.html", - license="with-permission" %} -An outer wrapper for the dai­tengu brand. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> An outer wrapper for the dai­tengu brand. + ### Usui Nikkagetsudō (臼井日月堂)/Kyōto Karuta (京都カルタ) @@ -1658,15 +2083,20 @@ brands included: wrapper. Note the sticker indicating that the box contains Kabufuda cards. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Heibon_sakurahangan.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an image of a Japanese judge’s haircut and cherry blossoms." license="with-permission", copyrightYear=2021, authorFamily="Sartor", - authorGiven="Ryan" %} -Heibon’s sakurahangan wrapper. - + authorGiven="Ryan" +> ``` +> +> Heibon’s sakurahangan wrapper. + A hanafuda wrapper with an image of the sun rising over Mount Fuji.三ッ葉葵 (mitsuba-aoi, a mon consisting of three birthwort leaves used by the [Tokugawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_clan#Crest) clan)
-A hanafuda wrapper with an angry ogre mask.onijirushi wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a ship sailing a flag reading “treasure” in Japanese.takarabune wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a warrior wearing a helmet with long horns.shōki wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KH_onijirushi.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with an angry ogre mask." +> ``` +> +> The onijirushi wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KH_takarabune.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a ship sailing a flag reading “treasure” in Japanese." +> ``` +> +> The takarabune wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KH_shoki.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a warrior wearing a helmet with long horns." +> ``` +> +> The shōki wrapper. +
-A hanafuda wrapper with two butterflies on it.chōchō wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a folded paper crane.oridzuru wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with bamboo, pine needles, and plum blossoms.shōchikubai wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KHchouchou.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with two butterflies on it." +> ``` +> +> The chōchō wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KHoridzuru.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a folded paper crane." +> ``` +> +> The oridzuru wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KHshouchikubai.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with bamboo, pine needles, and plum blossoms." +> ``` +> +> The shōchikubai wrapper. +
-A hanafuda wrapper with a large drum and a blossom-viewing curtain.yachiyo wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with birds circling a whirlpool.naruto wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a ship on it.fune wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KHyachiyo.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a large drum and a blossom-viewing curtain." +> ``` +> +> The yachiyo wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KHnaruto.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with birds circling a whirlpool." +> ``` +> +> The naruto wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='KHfune.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a ship on it." +> ``` +> +> The fune wrapper. + A hanafuda wrapper with a symbol repeated on it.narikomaya wrapper. The repeated symbol is イ菱 ‘イ caltrop’, the 恵. The only brands I know of are: * 松風 (matsukazu, ‘(the sound of) wind blowing through pine trees’)
-A hanafuda wrapper with a stylized plum tree.umegae wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a stylized pine tree.matsukaze wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NKumegae.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a stylized plum tree." +> ``` +> +> The umegae wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NKmatsukaze.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a stylized pine tree." +> ``` +> +> The matsukaze wrapper. +
### Nishimura (西村) @@ -1883,28 +2368,53 @@ Brands included:[@ModernJapaneseWrappers p. 46] [^fn2]: On some versions of this, it is misspelt 豊太閣.
-A hanafuda wrapper with a man wearing tall headdress and holding a fan.hōtaikō wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a woman wearing robes.senhime wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a gold gourd on a red background and with cherry petals falling.kinhyō wrapper. - -A hanafuda wrapper with a silver gourd on a blue background and with maple leaves falling.ginhyō wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='DN_hotaiko.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a man wearing tall headdress and holding a fan." +> ``` +> +> The hōtaikō wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='DN_senhime.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a woman wearing robes." +> ``` +> +> The senhime wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='DN_kinhyō.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a gold gourd on a red background and with cherry petals falling." +> ``` +> +> The kinhyō wrapper. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='DN_ginhyō.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a silver gourd on a blue background and with maple leaves falling." +> ``` +> +> The ginhyō wrapper. +
### Nippon Yūgi Gangu/Nichiyū (日本遊戯玩具/ニチユー) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" alt="A red human-like Tengu with a long nose." - src='NYG_tengu.jpg' %} -Nippon Yūgi’s kintengu brand. - + src='NYG_tengu.jpg' +> ``` +> +> Nippon Yūgi’s kintengu brand. + Nippon Yūgi (also known as Nichiyū) was founded in Tōkyō @@ -1980,11 +2490,13 @@ This particular deck is listed as number “350” on the packaging. - - -The extra [Hachi-Hachi](games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md)-related cards of Universal’s Trump-Hana deck. I’m not sure of the significance of the “vase” Joker, since usually the Joker has the manufacturer’s name. It could be intended as a multilingual pun on “Universal” (ユニバーセル yunibāseru) → “Universe” (ユ ニバース yunibāsu), which sounds like “uni-vase” (one vase). - - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Universal_TrumpHana_Extras.jpg' alt="" +> ``` +> +> The extra [Hachi-Hachi](games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md)-related cards of Universal’s Trump-Hana deck. I’m not sure of the significance of the “vase” Joker, since usually the Joker has the manufacturer’s name. It could be intended as a multilingual pun on “Universal” (ユニバーセル yunibāseru) → “Universe” (ユ ニバース yunibāsu), which sounds like “uni-vase” (one vase). Two small playing cards, the first a joker with a person in a robber-mask inside a star shape, and the second a paulownia card with yellow background and the words “U.P.C. Co.” @@ -1998,11 +2510,13 @@ A larger sized Hana-Trump deck (numbere Hanafuda-style cards that could be used as an additional suit in games with more players. - - -The Bright cards of Universal’s Hana-Trump deck. This particular deck is listed as number “25” on the packaging. - - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Universal_25_brights.jpg' alt="" +> ``` +> +> The Bright cards of Universal’s Hana-Trump deck. This particular deck is listed as number “25” on the packaging. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Universal_25_jokers.jpg' size="small" - alt=""> - -The reverse of the deck features a grape vine pattern. There are also two jokers included, one featuring a [kadomatsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadomatsu) (門松), and the other with significantly less effort invested in its design. Note the small six-pointed stars in the corners, containing the letters U & C intertwined. - - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The reverse of the deck features a grape vine pattern. There are also two jokers included, one featuring a [kadomatsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadomatsu) (門松), and the other with significantly less effort invested in its design. Note the small six-pointed stars in the corners, containing the letters U & C intertwined. ### Kawai @@ -2089,15 +2605,20 @@ A manufacturer that has a very finely-detailed deck of cards reproduced in ### Nihon Goraku (日本娯楽) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='NG_bamboo.jpg' alt="" size="small" position="aside" license='with-permission', - authorFamily="Richert", authorGiven="Marcus" %} -Nihon Goraku’s takejirushi wrapper. - + authorFamily="Richert", authorGiven="Marcus" +> ``` +> +> Nihon Goraku’s takejirushi wrapper. + Nihon Goraku was founded in 1945 as Takahashi Shōten (高橋商店), was renamed Nishinihon Koppai (西日本骨 牌) in 1966, and became Nihon Goraku in 1968.[@NihonGoraku] They were based in Shinhama, [Onomichi city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomichi,_Hiroshima), Hiroshima (広島県尾道市新浜), and originally had their cards manufactured by Kyōto Karuta. Nowadays the company imports musical instruments. @@ -2122,9 +2643,14 @@ October 1914 by Nishiguchi Eisuke ().[@Trademarks1924_7 p. 226] -A hanafuda wrapper showing images of hanafuda cards.otanoshimi wrapper. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" position="aside" src='NS_otanoshimi.jpg' alt="A hanafuda wrapper showing images of hanafuda cards." +> ``` +> +> The otanoshimi wrapper. + Nishi­gushi also manufactured board games (such as [Gunjin Shogi](games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md)) Some of their decks were manufactured by Nihon Karuta. Their mark was a circled 榮, the same as Kyōwadō. Brands included: @@ -2217,7 +2743,10 @@ included: ### Seieidō (精英堂) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Seedo_Ebisu.jpg' alt="A hanafuda deck wrapper with an image of a smiling man carrying a fishing pole and two fish." size="small" @@ -2225,9 +2754,11 @@ included: license="with-permission", copyrightYear=2020, authorFamily="Sartor", - authorGiven="Ryan" %} -Seieidō’s Ebisu brand. - + authorGiven="Ryan" +> ``` +> +> Seieidō’s Ebisu brand. + Seieidō was a post-war manufacturer. They do not appear to have had a manufacturer’s mark, instead writing their full name on the Paulownia card. Their brands included: @@ -2290,14 +2821,19 @@ A Kyōto manufacturer, only has one dec Alaska was a playing-card company that also manufactured some hana-trump decks. I know of nothing else about them. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="wide" alt="" src='alaska.jpg' - %} -The five brights of Alaska’s hana-trump deck. - + +> ``` +> +> The five brights of Alaska’s hana-trump deck. + ## Unknown @@ -2308,8 +2844,12 @@ would be greatly appreciated! * 勝力士 (katsu rikishi, ‘winning sumo wrestler’) * 優良太平楽 (yūryō taiheiraku ‘excellent happy-go-lucky’, which is the name of a gagaku piece) - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="taiheiraku.jpg" - alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a costumed dancer and drum." %} -The taiheiraku wrapper. - + alt="A hanafuda wrapper with a costumed dancer and drum." +> ``` +> +> The taiheiraku wrapper. diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/japan.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/japan.md index cf1266b4..3ca18fbd 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/japan/japan.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/japan.md @@ -3,24 +3,24 @@ title: Japanese Cards (Karuta) order: 200 --- -

Karuta (かるた) is the general name for Japanese playing cards, derived from the Portuguese word for playing cards, carta. -

-{/* excerpt */} - -A pile of Japanese wooden sandles in the entrance-way to a house.新年骨牌会, a New Year playing-card gathering
-Unknown author (1908) - +> [!figure] +> +> ![A pile of Japanese wooden sandles in the entrance-way to a house.](sc67123.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: cc0 +> noborder: true +> orgName: Museum of Fine Arts Boston position="aside" +> identifier: 2002.2083 +> orgAbbr: MFA +> originalUrl: https://collections.mfa.org/objects/403615/a-very-popular-cardplaying-gathering-sakan-naru-karuta-kai +> ``` +> +> 新年骨牌会, a New Year playing-card gathering
Unknown author (1908) After being introduced by Portuguese sailors and merchants in the late 16th century,[@DragonsOfPortugal] playing cards in Japan underwent a long period of “speciation” due to the isolationist [sakoku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakoku) (鎖国, ‘closed country’) policy of the Tokugawa shōgunate which severely limited contact with the outside world for over 200 years. diff --git a/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md b/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md index baf8df8a..8fc9e971 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/japan/tensho-karuta/tensho-karuta.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ draft: true order: 1 --- -

Tenshō Karuta (天正かる た) is the earliest known type of playing-card deck native to Japan, appearing during the Tenshō period (1573–1592). It recreated precisely the Portuguese decks of the period, retaining the imagery and composition of the originals.

+Tenshō Karuta (天正かる た) is the earliest known type of playing-card deck native to Japan, appearing during the Tenshō period (1573–1592). It recreated precisely the Portuguese decks of the period, retaining the imagery and composition of the originals. In 1597 there is a reference in the records of the [Chōsokabe family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsokabe_clan) (長宗我部氏) that describes soldiers playing with cards.[@DragonsOfPortugal p. 43] diff --git a/src/articles/cards/korea/korea.md b/src/articles/cards/korea/korea.md index 12f05df3..ecb29500 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/korea/korea.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/korea/korea.md @@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ Tuejon images: https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online#/item/prm-object-67423 -투전 하는 모양 by Gisan 기산 (1886). - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="tujeon_players.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/36173" identifier="21574K" license="terms" orgName="Penn Museum" termsUrl="https://www.penn.museum/about-collections/rights-and-permissions" +> ``` +> +> A group of Tujeon players.
투전 하는 모양 by Gisan 기산 (1886). diff --git a/src/articles/cards/new-zealand/new-zealand.md b/src/articles/cards/new-zealand/new-zealand.md index e994ba9b..90efd97c 100644 --- a/src/articles/cards/new-zealand/new-zealand.md +++ b/src/articles/cards/new-zealand/new-zealand.md @@ -13,16 +13,19 @@ The main “lines” of manufacturers described below are (or were): * [A. D. Willis/Weeks Ltd./United Empire Box/Amcor](#a-d-willisweeks-ltdunited-empire-boxamcor) * [Strong & Ready/Tanner Couch](#strong-andamp-readytanner-couch) - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](wt_display.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> originalUrl: https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23236778 +> orgName: Alexander Turnbull Library +> identifier: 1/1-003979-G +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Window display at Whitcombe & Tombs (now Whitcoulls), Christchurch (1912). Mostly showing foreign-made cards: Goodall & Congress. ## Tax Stamps @@ -30,23 +33,24 @@ Playing cards imported into New Zealand were taxed from 1860, and stamped from 1880 until the tax ended in 1930.[@TaxStampNZ] All examples I have seen have been stamped on the d2. -
- -Tax stamp dated 14th March, 1913, on imported “1001 Aladdin” cards made by the National Card Co. of Indianapolis & New York. - - -Tax stamp dated 21st June, 1929, on imported “Congress” brand cards made by the United States Playing Card Co. in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. - - -Undated tax stamp from A. D. Willis cards. - -
+> [!multi] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](tax1.jpg) +> > +> > Tax stamp dated 14th March, 1913, on imported “1001 Aladdin” cards made by the National Card Co. of Indianapolis & New York. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](tax2.jpg) +> > +> > Tax stamp dated 21st June, 1929, on imported “Congress” brand cards made by the United States Playing Card Co. in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](tax3.jpg) +> > +> > Undated tax stamp from A. D. Willis cards. > [!todo] > A section on Playing cards & Māori @@ -69,9 +73,17 @@ Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croxley_Green)), under which they also published playing cards. As far as I know, the UK company never manufactured cards. - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](Croxley-Joker.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> position: left" +> ``` +> +> The Joker card (with the non-pictorial decks) remains unchanged throughout the years, aside from reproduction infelicities. + In 1966 the UK company merged with E. S. & A. Robinson to form “Dickinson–Robinson Group”; the New Zealand firm was renamed to “The Dickinson @@ -90,223 +102,415 @@ the Ace as a nod to the Dickinson line. The aces have changed over the years to match the name of the company; the later aces are often poor copies of the earlier ones, where detail has been lost. -
- - - - -
- -The earlier (pre-DRG) cards are most easily identified by a J index -which has a turned-in tail, but this feature is lost in the DRG cards which -shifted to a sans-serif index. - -
- - - - -
- -
- - -
+> [!multi-wide] +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-A-1.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > An early “John Dickinson & Co.” Realm Ace. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-A-2.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A “John Dickinson” Ace. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-A-3.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A “DRG” Ace. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-A-4.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A “Croxley” Realm Ace, purchased 2021. + +The earlier (pre-DRG) cards are most easily identified by a J index which has a turned-in tail, but this feature is lost in the DRG cards which shifted to a sans-serif index. + +> [!multi-wide] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-J-1.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > An early “John Dickinson & Co.” Realm Jack, printed in four colours. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-J-2.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A “John Dickinson” Jack, printed in two colours. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-J-3.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A “DRG” Jack, with portrait reduced in size and sans-serif indices. There is visible degradation of the linework. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-J-4.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A “Croxley” Realm Jack, with courts no longer derived from the John Dickinson pattern. + +> [!multi-wide] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![An ace of spades with text reading ‘Made under licence from Waddington’s Playing Card Co Ltd. Made in New Zealand by DRG Stationery. A Dickinson–Robinson Group Product.’](DRG-Waddingtons-Ace.jpg) +> > ![A Waddington’s-style Joker card.](DRG-Waddingtons-Joker.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > At one point, DRG produced Waddington’s cards in New Zealand, under licence. Note the text on the Ace and the small ® on the joker. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](DRG-Canasta-Ace.jpg) +> > ![](DRG-Canasta-Joker.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Cards from a DRG-produced Canasta set. Note that the Joker is the same as [Strong & Ready](#strong-andamp-readytanner-couch)’s. It is possible DRG took over this design from them (the rest of the deck is standard DRG). The curled-J index on the pre-DRG cards is useful in identifying tourist pictorial decks where the card images are replaced by photographs of scenic locations, so that the Ace gives no identifying information. The following cards are from a deck produced before 1958: -
-J index. - -poi. - -hei-tiki. Note that this rather offensively reduces a taonga to the status of a jester. - -
+> [!multi-wide] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-pictorial-J.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > A pictorial card with the characteristic J index. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-pictorial-back.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > The back of the card deck, showing a woman performing with poi. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-pictorial-joker.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > The joker of the deck, featuring a hei-tiki. Note that this rather offensively reduces a taonga to the status of a jester. The Dickinson and DRG cards are probably most often found with backs designed for tourists, depicting locations around New Zealand, or New Zealand wildlife: -
-Tūī. - -Fantail. - -
- -
-Ferrier fountain. - - -Aoraki / Mount Cook. - -
+> [!multi] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-Tui.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Croxley/John Dickinson & Co. card back showing a Tūī. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-Fantail.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Croxley/John Dickinson & Co. card back showing a Fantail. + + +> [!multi-wide] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-Chch.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Croxley/John Dickinson card back showing the Ferrier fountain. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-Queenstown.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > John Dickinson card back showing the Queenstown gondola (the first in the southern hemisphere). +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](Croxley-Cook.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Croxley/DRG card back showing Aoraki / Mount Cook. ### A. D. Willis/Weeks Ltd./United Empire Box/Amcor -A spread of playing cards with joker on top. The joker has an image of a Māori warrior flourishing playing cards. - - +> [!figure] +> +> ![A spread of playing cards with joker on top. The joker has an image of a Māori warrior flourishing playing cards.](MA_I002836.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> orgName: Museum of Te Papa Tongarewa +> identifier: GH007256 +> originalUrl: https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/333268 +> license: stock-image +> ``` +> +> Playing cards, circa 1920, Whanganui, by A. D. Willis Ltd. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](Archibald_Dudingston_Willis.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> originalUrl: https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22778453 +> license: cc0 +> orgName: Alexander Turnbull Library +> ``` +> +> Archibald Dudingston Willis, circa 1902. Archibald Dudingston Willis (1842–1908)[@ADWillis_IPCS] was a very early manufacturer of playing cards in New Zealand who operated in Wanganui from the 1880s. In 1951 the company was sold to Weeks Ltd, which kept A. D. Willis as a subsidiary, and the business was sold in turn to United Empire Box (UEB) around 1964.[@AstuteBusinessman][^fn1] In the late 1980s the design was taken over by Kiwi Packaging (part of Amcor). This line of designs now appears to be out-of-print, as Amcor no longer manufacture playing cards. [^fn1]: Some sources (including [@ADWillis_IPCS]) state 1949 here, but 1951 is corroborated by newspaper reports.[@AYearOfExpansion] -;;;c. 1910. - - -;;;⑪s, ⑫s, and ⑬s. An unusual detail is that the tail of the Q index is truncated on the red cards. - - - -;;;Q index. - - -;;; - -;;; - - - -;;; +> [!figure] +> +> ![](AD_Old-1.jpg) +> ![](AD_Old-2.jpg) +> ![](AD_Old-3.jpg) +> ![](AD_Old-4.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> Cards in the original A. D. Willis style, c. 1910. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](Willis-Ace.jpg) +> ![](Willis-Queen.jpg) +> ![](Willis-Joker.jpg) +> ![](ADWillis-500.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> Cards in the later Willis style, this deck possibly produced by A. D. Willis. The deck is a 500 deck and includes ⑪s, ⑫s, and ⑬s. An unusual detail is that the tail of the Q index is truncated on the red cards. + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](Weeks-Ace.jpg) +> ![](Weeks-Queen.jpg) +> ![](Weeks-Joker.jpg) +> ![](Weeks-Canasta.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> “Hostess” Canasta cards in the Willis style, as produced by Weeks Ltd. This deck retains the short tail on the red Q index. + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](UEB-Ace.jpg) +> ![](UEB-Queen.jpg) +> ![](UEB-Joker.jpg) +> ![](AdWillis-Strand-Box.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> “Strand” Cards in the Willis style, this deck probably made by UEB. The designs are redrawn from the original Willis design. This deck is unusual in that the paper is uncoated and the cards feel like plain cardboard, despite the box promising a “Linen Finish”. + +> [!figure] +> ![](UEB3-Ace.jpg) +> ![](UEB3-Queen.jpg) +> ![](UEB3-Joker.jpg) +> ![](UEB3-Box.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> “Royal” Cards in the Willis style, made by UEB in four colours. “Kiwi” on the box describes the card backs. + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](ADWillis-Arcade-Old.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: small +> position: aside +> ``` +> +> An earlier “Arcade” box as produced by Weeks Ltd. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](Amcor-Ace.jpg) +> ![](Amcor-Queen.jpg) +> ![](Amcor-Joker.jpg) +> ![](ADWillis-Arcade-New.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> “Arcade” Cards in the Willis style, produced by Amcor Cartons. UEB also produced pictorial souvenir decks, such as the one below. -;; - - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](UEB2-Back.jpg) +> ![](UEB2-Queen.jpg) +> ![](UEB2-Joker.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> Back and cards from a UEB tourist deck. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](22738050.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> originalUrl: https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22738050 +> license: cc0 +> orgName: Alexander Turnbull Library +> ``` +> +> An advertisement for A. D. Willis’s playing cards. + ### Strong & Ready/Tanner Couch Strong & Ready Ltd. was registered from 1948–1974. -;;; - -;;; - -
-; -; -
+> [!figure] +> +> ![](Elfin-1.jpg) +> ![](Elfin-2.jpg) +> ![](Elfin-3.jpg) +> ![](Elfin-4.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> size: wide +> ``` +> +> Strong & Ready “Elfin” patience-sized playing cards. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ![](StrongReady-1953-Joker.jpg) +> ![](StrongReady-1953-Ace.jpg) +> ![](StrongReady-1953-Ad1.jpg) +> ![](StrongReady-1953-Ad2.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> size: wide +> ``` +> +> Strong & Ready cards from a Canasta deck, 1953. + + +> [!multi-wide] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](StrongReady-A.jpg) +> > ![](StrongReady-Joker.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Strong & Ready Joker and Ace, from a “Mark 1 Canasta” deck. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](TannerCouch-A.jpg) +> > ![](TannerCouch-Joker.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > noborder: true +> > ``` +> > +> > Tanner Couch Ace and Joker, from a “Royal Flush 500” deck. ### Foreign manufacturers @@ -314,13 +518,13 @@ Tanner Couch Ace and Joker, from a “Royal Flush 500” deck. In addition to cards manufactured in New Zealand, cards featuring New Zealand scenes were manufactured in other countries, such as the United Kingdom. -; +> [!figure] +> +> ![](Goodall-Egmont.jpg) +> ![](Goodall-Matheson.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> ``` +> +> Two card backs produced by Goodall under their “Boudoir” brand, with art by [Frank H. Mason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Henry_Mason). The left features [Mount Taranaki / Egmont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Taranaki), and the right [Lake Matheson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Matheson). diff --git a/src/articles/families/mill-games/mill-games.md b/src/articles/families/mill-games/mill-games.md index a5f72a0f..729205ee 100644 --- a/src/articles/families/mill-games/mill-games.md +++ b/src/articles/families/mill-games/mill-games.md @@ -13,31 +13,29 @@ date created: 2024-12-18 date modified: 2024-12-22 --- -

Mill games are a family of boardgames also known as Morris or +Mill games are a family of boardgames also known as Morris or Merels games. The main aim of any mill game is to try to form a row of three pieces, which is called a ‘mill’, and which usually allows the player to remove one of the opponent’s pieces from the board (usually not from another -mill).

- -{/* excerpt */} +mill). Most mill games are split into two phases of *placement* and *movement*, so that all pieces are placed on the board before any pieces are moved. -A Nine Men’s Morris game, just after all pieces have been placed - -A game in progress, just after the *placement* phase has been finished, and all -18 pieces are on the board. - - +> [!figure] +> +> ![A Nine Men’s Morris game, just after all pieces have been placed.](shutterstock_120413827.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> orgName: Shutterstock.com +> author: FooTToo +> license: stock-image +> identifier: 120413827 +> originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/old-nine-mens-morris-board-on-120413827 +> ``` +> +> A game in progress, just after the *placement* phase has been finished, and all 18 pieces are on the board. ## Games @@ -48,12 +46,15 @@ before. ### Games on the large mill board -The large mill board of three nested squares.;The large mill board of three nested squares, with diagonal lines. -Two different large mill boards, one without diagonals, and one with diagonals. - +> [!figure] +> +> ![The large mill board of three nested squares.](large_merels.svg) +> ![The large mill board of three nested squares, with diagonal lines.](large_merels_with_diagonals.svg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: small +> ``` +> Two different large mill boards, one without diagonals, and one with diagonals. * [Morabaraba](games/morabaraba/morabaraba.md) is a mill game played competitively in South Africa. It differs slightly from Twelve Men’s Morris. * [Nine Men’s Morris](games/nine-mens-morris/nine-mens-morris.md) is the most well-known, and can be viewed as the stereotypical mill game. Many variants are described on this page. @@ -67,9 +68,15 @@ Two different large mill boards, one without diagonals, and one with diagonals. ### Games on the small mill board -The small mill board of a single square. -The small mill board. - +> [!figure] +> +> ![The small mill board of a single square.](small_merels.svg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: small +> ``` +> +> The small mill board. * [Three Men’s Morris](games/three-mens-morris/three-mens-morris.md) is a simple mill game that is known around the world. * [Tic-Tac-Toe](games/tic-tac-toe/tic-tac-toe.md) can be viewed as a degenerate mill game (and could derive from Three Men’s Morris?) diff --git a/src/articles/lists/john-taylor.md b/src/articles/lists/john-taylor.md index 90c1971c..b73a5bfb 100644 --- a/src/articles/lists/john-taylor.md +++ b/src/articles/lists/john-taylor.md @@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ date created: 2024-12-18 date modified: 2024-12-22 --- -A man standing upon a rock, straddling a glob, with a churning sea around him. He is looking at the sun. -Frontispiece to Taylor’s Motto (1621). - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="motto.jpg" alt="A man standing upon a rock, straddling a glob, with a churning sea around him. He is looking at the sun." license="cc0" originalUrl="https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/46096" orgName="Princeton University Art Museum" +> ``` +> +> Frontispiece to Taylor’s Motto (1621). [John Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Taylor_(poet)) (1578–1653) was an English poet who gave himself the epithet “the Water-Poet”. His work diff --git a/src/articles/lists/thomas-crosfield.md b/src/articles/lists/thomas-crosfield.md index 53a486af..f791bf2d 100644 --- a/src/articles/lists/thomas-crosfield.md +++ b/src/articles/lists/thomas-crosfield.md @@ -5,13 +5,17 @@ order: 1629

Thomas Crosfield’s diary entry for Christmas day 1629 contains an entry titled “Games at Chartes” that contains a list of card games.[@ThomasCrosfield fol. 34r]

- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Queen-s-College-MS-390_00073_fol-34r.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/fe116079-c422-402f-8dca-3efce5f73ff9/surfaces/ed1b83c1-1c2d-48ad-b1be-df7662d730f2/" orgName="The Provost and Fellows of the Queen’s College, Oxford" license="cc-by-nc" licenseVersion="4.0" - copyrightYear="2022" size="wide"> -The original diary entry. - + copyrightYear="2022" size="wide" +> ``` +> +> The original diary entry. The games listed are: diff --git a/src/games/achi/achi.md b/src/games/achi/achi.md index 23a13bfc..ecbac69b 100644 --- a/src/games/achi/achi.md +++ b/src/games/achi/achi.md @@ -22,24 +22,33 @@ It is possible that the name should really be transcribed adji - -![](articles/families/mill-games/medium_merels.svg) +> [!figure] +> +> ![](articles/families/mill-games/medium_merels.svg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> size: small +> position: aside +> ``` +> > Achi is played on the medium-sized mill board. - - Each player has six pieces. To begin the game, players take turns placing a single piece on any of the free points. If at any stage a player completes a mill, they can remove and capture any one of their opponent’s pieces. A valid mill, like in other mill games, consists of three pieces in a straight line. However, in Achi, a mill may also be formed by *two* pieces on the central lines on either side. - - -![](games/achi/achi_examples.svg) +> [!figure] +> +> ![](games/achi/achi_examples.svg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> size: small +> ``` +> > Two examples of valid mills; the two-piece mill is unique to Achi. - - Once a player has placed all their pieces, they then move one piece at a time from a point to any free point, along a line, attempting to form a mill. A player that is reduced to two pieces loses. ## See also diff --git a/src/games/all-fours/all-fours.md b/src/games/all-fours/all-fours.md index 83d5af85..1b4195aa 100644 --- a/src/games/all-fours/all-fours.md +++ b/src/games/all-fours/all-fours.md @@ -3,20 +3,16 @@ title: All-Fours draft: true players: 2 equipment: Card game (standard deck) +date created: 2024-12-18 +date modified: 2024-12-23 --- -

-All-Fours is a very old English card game for two players, dating from about the 16th century. It also spread throughout the United States, becoming a common game amongst African-Americans, and is now considered the ‘national game’ of Trinidad and Tobago. -

- -, where it is known as Seven-Up. - Old Sledge or Seven-Up[@AmericanCardPlayer p. 121] +All-Fours is a very old English card game for two players, dating from about the 16th century. It also spread throughout the United States, becoming a common game amongst African-Americans, and is now considered the ‘national game’ of Trinidad and Tobago, where it is known as Old Sledge or Seven-Up[@AmericanCardPlayer p. 121] Writing in 1866, William Brisbane Disk stated that it was “useless to inquire into the origin of this game”[@AmericanCardPlayer p. 121] — nevertheless, we shall try. Mentioned in Cotton's @Erotopolis [109]; the name is understood to be sexual.[@SexualShakespeare1 14] - Refs: [@SeriousReflections] @@ -104,14 +100,19 @@ That never yet had shirt or band to wear?
- - - -A woodblock print of a playing-card Knave facing away from the viewer, with tight pants showing the outline of his buttocks. - -{/*https://www.plainbacks.com/index_P.html*/} +> [!figure] +> +> ![A woodblock print of a playing-card Knave facing away from the viewer, with tight pants showing the outline of his buttocks.](Knave_buttocks.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: c00 +> position: aside +> ``` +> +> “scarce buttock-room, as every man may see” + +> [!todo] +> https://www.plainbacks.com/index_P.html
diff --git a/src/games/assault/assault.md b/src/games/assault/assault.md index f9b5293c..fd2a4e22 100644 --- a/src/games/assault/assault.md +++ b/src/games/assault/assault.md @@ -13,13 +13,17 @@ date modified: 2024-12-21 Assault was probably derived from the game of [Fox & Geese](games/fox-and-geese.md), with which it shares a board. The play of the game is similar, but the object in Assault is for one side to achieve a particular arrangement of their pieces — although it is still possible to win by “trapping” like in [Fox & Geese](games/fox-and-geese.md).
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="pic5996205.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://boardgamegeek.com/image/5996205/miscellaneous-game-compilation" authorGiven="Stephan" authorFamily="Krug" license="cc0" - copyrightYear=2021> -Reprint of an old German Assault board. Black lines indicate paths that the Attacker may not use. - + copyrightYear=2021 +> ``` +> +> Reprint of an old German Assault board. Black lines indicate paths that the Attacker may not use. @@ -44,15 +48,23 @@ The presentation of the game usually has a militaristic theme, often celebrating ## Setup - -The board for Assault. The fortress is marked in red. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="asalto_board.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> The board for Assault. The fortress is marked in red. The game is played on a board with 33 points arranged in a cross shape. Nine points on one arm of the cross are marked off to form the **fortress**. - -The initial setup for Assault. The attacker’s pieces are purple and the defender’s are yellow. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="asalto_setup.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Assault. The attacker’s pieces are purple and the defender’s are yellow. The two players are called the **attacker** and the **defender**. @@ -64,9 +76,13 @@ The attacker starts and may move any of their pieces from its location to anothe The defender’s pieces move in a similar way, but are not required to move in any particular direction. They may also **jump** over an attacker’s piece in a straight line to a vacant point beyond it, as in checkers. This captures the jumped piece and removes it from the board. A defending piece may make multiple jumps in a single turn, and may change direction after each jump. The defender *must* make a jump if it is possible, and cannot jump one of their own pieces. - -A defending piece may make multiple consecutive jumps. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="defender_multiple_jumps.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> A defending piece may make multiple consecutive jumps. The goal of the attacker is to occupy every point of the fortress, or to surround their defender’s pieces so that they cannot move. The goal of the defender is to reduce the attacker to eight pieces so that they cannot achieve their goal. The first player to achieve their goal wins. @@ -78,17 +94,29 @@ Many small variations of the board have been published. Some are displayed here.
- -A board without most diagonals (as found [here](https://boardgamegeek.com/image/5069937/miscellaneous-game-compilation)). - - - -A board variant for [Fuchs und Henne](https://web.archive.org/web/20120817104138/http://www.holznerspiele.de/anleitung.html), played with 20 attackers which are set up on all the lower points. - - - -A board variant for [2 Contra 20](https://boardgamegeek.com/image/6417481/asalto) (published by A. Eggenweiler), played with 20 attackers which are set up on all the lower points. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="asalto_simplified_board.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> A board without most diagonals (as found [here](https://boardgamegeek.com/image/5069937/miscellaneous-game-compilation)). + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="fuchs_und_henne.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> A board variant for [Fuchs und Henne](https://web.archive.org/web/20120817104138/http://www.holznerspiele.de/anleitung.html), played with 20 attackers which are set up on all the lower points. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="2_contra_20.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> A board variant for [2 Contra 20](https://boardgamegeek.com/image/6417481/asalto) (published by A. Eggenweiler), played with 20 attackers which are set up on all the lower points.
@@ -108,9 +136,13 @@ all points outside the fortress. Play is otherwise the same as Assault. Another version of the “Royal Garrison” board connected all diagonals: - -A different Royal Garrison board. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="royal_garrison.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> A different Royal Garrison board. ## See also diff --git a/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md b/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md index b0ad80de..6afdc245 100644 --- a/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md +++ b/src/games/balik-satu/balik-satu.md @@ -135,30 +135,45 @@ and this determines the value of their hand. Unmarked cards are worth their rank value (1–9 points), and the red-stamped cards are worth more:
- [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" noborder=true alt="" hidden=true - src="../../articles/cards/ceki/CS9.jpg" %} -Red Nine scores 10 points. - - ``` +> +> Red Nine scores 10 points. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" noborder=true alt="" hidden=true - src="../../articles/cards/ceki/CRF.jpg" %} -Nyonya scores 11 points. - - ``` +> +> Nyonya scores 11 points. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" noborder=true alt="" hidden=true - src="../../articles/cards/ceki/COT.jpg" %} -Lau Chian scores 12 points. - + src="../../articles/cards/ceki/COT.jpg" +> ``` +> +> Lau Chian scores 12 points. +
A common rule is that if the drawn card is a rank-1 yeo @@ -262,14 +277,19 @@ Once a fixed number of bangkong have been completed, the Gonggong (from Makassarese ᨁᨚᨁᨚ) is a very similar game. It was reported in South Sulawesi in the 19th century.[@MakassaarschWoordenboek p. 69] In the 1940s it is recorded in Java, where it is described as being played mostly by women.[@JavaanseKaartspelen p. 94–97] A game of this name was also played by Javan emigrants in Suriname up until at least the 1970s. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="74334415_1705918149541872_2426033331075284992_n.jpg" alt="A black-and-white photograph of ten people sitting in a circle on a mat, mostly men, several are wearing pork-pie hats. They are holding cards, and in the centre of the mat is a plate holding ceki cards." license="with-permission" authorGiven="Hans" authorFamily="van der Horst" - originalUrl="https://www.facebook.com/Nickerianen/posts/pfbid0onFnYziW2UL8evg91FSZswgUdrrSTAfbyKzh39SrSbh6wEuE6cnSHHjx8UC5fyByl" %} -A group of people playing Gonggong in the 1970s in Nickerie, Suriname. - + originalUrl="https://www.facebook.com/Nickerianen/posts/pfbid0onFnYziW2UL8evg91FSZswgUdrrSTAfbyKzh39SrSbh6wEuE6cnSHHjx8UC5fyByl" +> ``` +> +> A group of people playing Gonggong in the 1970s in Nickerie, Suriname. + The game as played in Surakarta was described as follows: @@ -294,9 +314,13 @@ This method is very similar to Balik Satu. T
  • 1 for metu; 2 for metu with a red card, or rabas; or 3 for rabas with a red card,
  • an additional 1 for each bak or 2 for each red bak in their hand,
  • and then turn over the top card and add its points. Nyonya/Lau Chian/1 Myriads score 10 points, everything else according to rank (White Flower scores 1).
    • - -These cards are worth 10 points each. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" noborder=true justify="centered" alt=";;" hidden=true src="../../articles/cards/ceki/CRF.jpg;../../articles/cards/ceki/COT.jpg;../../articles/cards/ceki/CM1.jpg" +> ``` +> +> These cards are worth 10 points each.
    alternative toh bayaran, drawing 14 cards
    diff --git a/src/games/belangkai/belangkai.md b/src/games/belangkai/belangkai.md index 0e084ee6..736345c1 100644 --- a/src/games/belangkai/belangkai.md +++ b/src/games/belangkai/belangkai.md @@ -23,11 +23,16 @@ A four-sided teetotum is used, with images of: The staking layout also bears these four symbols. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="D0623nd.jpg;D0625nd.jpg" originalUrl="https://averweij.web.cern.ch/belankai.htm" alt="Two spinners, one white and one black, bearing the symbols of the game. The spinner is made of a long wooden dowel with a plastic rectangular prism fixed upon it halfway down.;Four spinners, some made of clear plastic, with identical construction." - authorGiven="Arjan" authorFamily="Verweij" license="with-permission" %} -Various modern plastic spinners. - + authorGiven="Arjan" authorFamily="Verweij" license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> Various modern plastic spinners. + ## Play diff --git a/src/games/black-and-white-cocks/black-and-white-cocks.md b/src/games/black-and-white-cocks/black-and-white-cocks.md index 7878a1da..d48b1bd3 100644 --- a/src/games/black-and-white-cocks/black-and-white-cocks.md +++ b/src/games/black-and-white-cocks/black-and-white-cocks.md @@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ title: Black and White Cocks players: banking date created: 2024-12-18 -date modified: 2024-12-22 +date modified: 2024-12-23 --- -

    Black and White Cocks — an apparently un-Googleable name — was a gambling game played in England in the 19th century. In 1838 it was described as a “well-known game of chance”,[@Tiverton] but it seems to have died out before the 20th century. -

    - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](TheSeaLion.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> license: cc0 +> ``` +> +> The caption from the book reads: “A remarkable Caricatura, compounded of ſeveral ſpecies, being by ſome ſuppoſed to be a Sea-Calf, by others a Sea Lion; after having been toſſed about on his native Element for ſome Years, he was caſt aſhore on a *gaming Iſland*, where he was ſo captivated with Cards and Dice, that he commenced *Gameſter*, and fixed upon the Iſland ever ſince.” The form of the game is still obscure to me, but based upon brief descriptions, it was a gambling game played with a spinning wheel,[@SharpersAtAltcar] probably much like the game E–O (an early form of Roulette). A table with black and white cocks (presumably roosters) painted on it was used, probably as a staking layout,[@MorningChronicleOldBailey] where bets as low as a penny could be placed.[@Tiverton] Like other games of this type, it was played at racecourse meets[@EastbourneHunt] and fairs.[@CamberwellFair] diff --git a/src/games/camelot/camelot.md b/src/games/camelot/camelot.md index 38e5a185..29c32e0a 100644 --- a/src/games/camelot/camelot.md +++ b/src/games/camelot/camelot.md @@ -20,16 +20,21 @@ games originally developed by George Parker (of Parker Brothers fame).

    - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="camelot.jpg" alt="A board game box with a picture of two knights on the front." authorFamily="Thompson", authorGiven="Mike", originalUrl="https://tomsk3000.com/product/1930-camelot-board-game-by-parker-brothers/", copyrightYear=2020, - license="with-permission" %} -A 1930s Camelot box. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> A 1930s Camelot box. + Also in the family are the 4-player games of Four-Handed Chivalry, Grand Camelot, and Grand Cam. @@ -44,15 +49,20 @@ George Parker developed Chivalry over a number of years starting in 1882. It was eventually published by George S. Parker & Co. in 1887, and then again by the newly-formed Parker Brothers in 1888. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="left" src='Camelot_Patent.png' alt="A black and white drawing of a game board" orgName="Google Patents", originalUrl="https://patents.google.com/patent/US1780038A", - license="cc0" %} -A diagram of the board from George Parker’s 1930 patent. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A diagram of the board from George Parker’s 1930 patent. + In 1930 he simplified the game of Chivalry to produce Camelot, and received a patent [US1780038](https://patents.google.com/patent/US1780038) for the game. @@ -85,15 +95,20 @@ and capture in each game. In each game, White moves first and the players take turns moving a single piece. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="camelot_board.jpg" alt="A chequered board with an unusual shape, missing the corner squares." authorFamily="Thompson", authorGiven="Mike", originalUrl="https://tomsk3000.com/product/1930-camelot-board-game-by-parker-brothers/", copyrightYear=2020, - license="with-permission" %} -A 1930s Camelot board. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> A 1930s Camelot board. + ### Moves @@ -144,12 +159,17 @@ colour. Camette is the smallest of the Camelot variants, and is ideal for learning the game. It was invented by Michael Wortley Nolan in 2002. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" noborder=true - src='camette.svg' %} -The initial setup for Camette. - + src='camette.svg' +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Camette. + Each player has 3 foot soldiers and 1 knight. The goal of the game is to get a single piece into the opponent’s castle, or to capture all of the opponent’s @@ -161,11 +181,16 @@ There are no draws or stalemates in Camette. Cam is a downsized version of Camelot released by Parker Brothers in 1949. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" - src="cam.svg" noborder=true %} -The initial setup for Cam. - + src="cam.svg" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Cam. + Each player has 5 foot soldiers and 2 knights. The goal of the game is to get a single piece into the opponent’s castle, or to capture all of the opponent’s @@ -175,9 +200,14 @@ There are no draws or stalemates in Cam. ### Camelot - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="camelot.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Camelot. + Each player has 10 foot soldiers and 4 knights. @@ -201,9 +231,14 @@ entering a castle: ### Chivalry - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="chivalry.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Chivalry. + Each player has 12 foot soldiers and 8 knights. @@ -218,9 +253,14 @@ may jump and capture pieces from either opponent. Grand Cam was designed by Paul Bramwell Smith in 2005. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="grand-cam.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Grand Cam. + Each player has 5 foot soldiers and 2 knights. @@ -239,9 +279,14 @@ castles on their left and right sides. Grand Camelot was released by Parker Brothers in 1932. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="grand-camelot.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Grand Camelot. + Each player has 8 foot soldiers and 4 knights. (The setup depicted above is that recommended by the WCF, the original layout by Parker Brothers has all 4 knights @@ -260,9 +305,14 @@ each player may make two castle-moves per game. ### Four-Handed Chivalry - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="four-handed-chivalry.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial setup for Four-Handed Chivalry. + Four-Handed Chivalry is different to all the other variants: each player has only 8 knights. The board is the same as for two-player Chivalry. diff --git a/src/games/cholek-tiga/cholek-tiga.md b/src/games/cholek-tiga/cholek-tiga.md index b47bea54..3c0decda 100644 --- a/src/games/cholek-tiga/cholek-tiga.md +++ b/src/games/cholek-tiga/cholek-tiga.md @@ -50,15 +50,20 @@ captured cards. ### Scoring - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" noborder=true justify="centered" alt=";;" hidden=true - src="../../articles/cards/ceki/CS9.jpg;../../articles/cards/ceki/CRF.jpg;../../articles/cards/ceki/COT.jpg" %} -There are three types of red-stamped cards in the deck (twelve cards total). - + src="../../articles/cards/ceki/CS9.jpg;../../articles/cards/ceki/CRF.jpg;../../articles/cards/ceki/COT.jpg" +> ``` +> +> There are three types of red-stamped cards in the deck (twelve cards total). + A player scores: diff --git a/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md b/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md index a8a8a76f..eb6f7e28 100644 --- a/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md +++ b/src/games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md @@ -98,7 +98,10 @@ this is the name that stuck. It was commonly played by soldiers and by the late 19th century was known as the “old soldier’s game”.{%fn%}This term is also used for Housie or Bingo.{%endfn%} - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='84220038_a0ceecebc6_o.jpg' alt="A man standing behind a Chuck-a-Luck board attempts to entice passers by." copyrightYear=2005, @@ -106,9 +109,11 @@ for Housie or Bingo.{%endfn%} authorFamily="Drissman" license="cc-by-nc-sa", licenseVersion='2.0', - originalUrl='https://www.flickr.com/photos/28864802@N00/84220038/' %} -A modern Chuck-a-Luck game on Coney Island. - + originalUrl='https://www.flickr.com/photos/28864802@N00/84220038/' +> ``` +> +> A modern Chuck-a-Luck game on Coney Island. + ### Pictorial dice @@ -120,33 +125,48 @@ diamond, and heart). In another form it was known as Feather and Anchor 238][@ATourOfStLouis p. 532] Yet another form had the symbols: snake, elephant, eagle, baby, turtle (and 6th?).[@FoolsOfFortuneOrGamblingAndGamblers p. 283] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='MustangLayout.jpg' alt="Six cells containing: a horse’s head, the suits of hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades, and an anchor." - license="cc0" %} -A Mustang layout, from Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 19]. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A Mustang layout, from Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 19]. + It is possible that it was one one of these pictorial versions that was taken and adopted by the British as [Crown & Anchor](games/crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" alt="Three dice with the letters P A C E R S on them." src='Potter_Pacers.jpeg' copyrightYear=2018, license="with-permission", orgName="Potter & Potter Auctions", - originalUrl="https://auctions.potterauctions.com/Three_Ivory_Ball_Dice__-LOT9833.aspx" %} -Three Hyronemus (see below) ball dice for use with Cubic Mutual Pool. - + originalUrl="https://auctions.potterauctions.com/Three_Ivory_Ball_Dice__-LOT9833.aspx" +> ``` +> +> Three Hyronemus (see below) ball dice for use with Cubic Mutual Pool. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='CubicMutualPool.jpg' alt="A layout board titled Cubic Mutal Pool and with six cells with horses depicted, named: Pilot, Arab, Canada, Eclipse, Rover, and Saxton." - license="cc0" %} -A Cubic Mutal Pool layout, from Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 20]. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A Cubic Mutal Pool layout, from Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 20]. + The came was also transmuted into a horse-racing form, played using dice with sides marked PACERS. Under the name “Cubic Mutual Pool”, this was @@ -174,7 +194,10 @@ one advertisement for an Electric Hyronemus claiming it can be made to roll only “Treys and Fours” on command.
    - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" size="small" noborder=true @@ -183,9 +206,11 @@ one advertisement for an Electric Hyronemus claiming it can be made to roll only license="with-permission", orgName="Potter & Potter Auctions", originalUrl="https://auctions.potterauctions.com/Chuck_A_Luck_Hand_Held_Cage_with_Three_Dice__-LOT9883.aspx" - %} - A hand-held “bird cage” for tossing Chuck-A-Luck dice (c. 1930). - + +> ``` +> +> A hand-held “bird cage” for tossing Chuck-A-Luck dice (c. 1930). +
    - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="" size="small" noborder=true src='Hyronemus_Layout.jpg' - license='cc0' %} -Hyronemus tub and staking layout, from @GamblingAndGamblingDevices [p. 119]. - + license='cc0' +> ``` +> +> Hyronemus tub and staking layout, from @GamblingAndGamblingDevices [p. 119]. + A wooden bowl mounted on a spindle and lined with green baize. [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="A table-top painted with various locations for bets to be placed" size="wide" noborder=true @@ -251,9 +284,11 @@ still used in modern games run under the name of Chuck-A-Luck. copyrightYear=2018, license="with-permission", orgName="Potter & Potter Auctions", - originalUrl="https://auctions.potterauctions.com/will___finck_hand_painted_oil_cloth_grand_hazard_l-lot9830.aspx" %} -A Will & Finck Grand Hazard layout (c. 1890). - + originalUrl="https://auctions.potterauctions.com/will___finck_hand_painted_oil_cloth_grand_hazard_l-lot9830.aspx" +> ``` +> +> A Will & Finck Grand Hazard layout (c. 1890). + In addition to the “Chuck” bets, which are played in boxes labelled 1–6 as usual, the extended staking layout contains boxes for the following bets: @@ -330,14 +365,19 @@ usual, the extended staking layout contains boxes for the following bets: ### Other Hyronemus Bets - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" position="aside" src='HyronemusBets.jpg' alt="A layout containing the Chuck-A-Luck numbers and 4 other betting cells: Under 10, Over 11, 10, and 11." - license="cc0" %} -A Hyronemus layout, from @GamblingAndGamblingDevices [p. 117]. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A Hyronemus layout, from @GamblingAndGamblingDevices [p. 117]. + Some bets seen on Hyronemus layouts are based on the sum of the dice: @@ -382,12 +422,17 @@ so. Further developments of the game increased the returns for the operators. This version has three separately-rotating spindles, and has exactly the same odds and house edge as standard Chuck-A-Luck. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='ChuckALuck3Spindle.jpg' alt="Three overlapping spinners that can point to any one of the numbers 1 to 6." - license="cc0" %} -As found in Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 26]. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> As found in Kernan Manufacturing’s @KernanCatalogue [p. 26]. + ### Spindle Chuck-A-Luck @@ -426,34 +471,48 @@ In general the more doubles or triples on the wheel, the worse the odds are for the players.
    - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true src='Big6Wheel1960.jpg' alt="A large upright wheel that can be spun, with a pointer at top." license="cc0", copyrightYear=1960, - author="H. C. Evans & Co." %} -A K. C. Card Co. Jumbo Dice Wheel, from their 1960 catalogue. - - ``` +> +> A K. C. Card Co. Jumbo Dice Wheel, from their 1960 catalogue. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='Gambling_wheel_by_H._C._Evans_and_Co.,_Chicago_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06276.jpg' alt="A large upright wheel that can be spun, with a pointer at top." license="cc0", author="Daderot", - originalUrl="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gambling_wheel_by_H._C._Evans_and_Co.,_Chicago_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06276.JPG" %} -An H. C. Evans & Co. Big Six wheel at the Baryernhof Museum. - + originalUrl="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gambling_wheel_by_H._C._Evans_and_Co.,_Chicago_-_Bayernhof_Museum_-_DSC06276.JPG" +> ``` +> +> An H. C. Evans & Co. Big Six wheel at the Baryernhof Museum. +
    ### Chuck-a-Luck log This form of the game was apparently invented to circumvent restrictions on gambling with dice or wheels. The log pictured below has 14 sides and was probably manufactured by H. C. Evans some time around the 1930s–50s. Pete Angelos who supplied the image calculates the house edge at 21.4% (the same as the spindle version above). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="93116122_542961236629804_5895971404179832832_n.jpg" alt="A photo of a large wooden cylinder with 14 sides. Each side has three numbers painted on it." authorGiven="Pete" authorFamily="Angelos" copyrightYear=2012 - license="with-permission" %} -A rolling log version of Chuck-a-Luck. - + license="with-permission" +> ``` +> +> A rolling log version of Chuck-a-Luck. diff --git a/src/games/chuhong/chuhong.md b/src/games/chuhong/chuhong.md index f0d49ee6..82fbb1ba 100644 --- a/src/games/chuhong/chuhong.md +++ b/src/games/chuhong/chuhong.md @@ -20,9 +20,14 @@ A Song-era book entitled 除紅譜 Manual for Exclu [^fn0]: According to the Preface, a descendent of Zhū Guāngtíng, a famous politician of the Song dynasty. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="instructions.png" alt="" noborder=true position="aside" license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Pictorial instructions from the text. + The instructional text forms part of the 說郛 [Shuōfú](http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Diverse/shuofu.html) collection[^fn1] and can subsequently be found included as part of it in the Qing-era 四庫全書 [Sìkù Quánshū](http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/sikuquanshu.html) imperial book collection. It also appears in 茅一相 Máo Yīxiāng’s Ming-era continuation of the 欣賞編/欣赏续 [Compilation of Enjoyable Texts](http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Poetry/xinshangbian.html), in some editions with Yáng’s preface and in others without. diff --git a/src/games/circle-chases/circle-chases.md b/src/games/circle-chases/circle-chases.md index 7c3f12fa..6c677b6d 100644 --- a/src/games/circle-chases/circle-chases.md +++ b/src/games/circle-chases/circle-chases.md @@ -78,9 +78,14 @@ Drop-Handkerchief[@GommeI p. 110] Cat After Mouse or Threading The Needle[@GommeI p. 64][@Strutt p. 337] - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="lettertomylove.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A depiction of “A Letter to My Love” from @LittlePrettyPocket [p. 38]. + Drop Handkerchief 4th most popular game at Lousville playgrounds in 1901.[@LouisvilleSummerPlaygrounds] diff --git a/src/games/cokoo/cokoo.md b/src/games/cokoo/cokoo.md index 019f7219..28ed7ed1 100644 --- a/src/games/cokoo/cokoo.md +++ b/src/games/cokoo/cokoo.md @@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ title: Cokoo players: 2 countries: GM +date created: 2024-12-18 +date modified: 2024-12-23 ---

    @@ -10,9 +12,9 @@ countries: GM This game was first described in print in the early 20th century,[@AncientCeylon p. 604] and it is still played today.[@ChokooGameVideo] Sometimes it has been referred to as “African checkers”,[@LiberianTribes fig. 100] but that name is also used to refer to other games such as those of the {%a mancala-games,Mancala family%}. -{/* -(ثُكُو?) (𞤕𞤮𞤳𞤮𞥅?) -*/} +> [!todo] +> * (ثُكُو?) (𞤕𞤮𞤳𞤮𞥅?) + ## Play @@ -32,6 +34,6 @@ https://doi.org/10.25549/impa-m26099 ## See also -{%gameref yoote%} is a very similar game from neighbouring Senegal, which lacks the “dropping” phase of Chokoo. {%gameref sija%} is also very similar but capture is by enclosure rather than jumping. {% gameref konane %} also has similar gameplay. +[Yoote](games/yoote/yoote.md) is a very similar game from neighbouring Senegal, which lacks the “dropping” phase of Chokoo. [Sīja](games/sija/sija.md) is also very similar but capture is by enclosure rather than jumping. [Kōnane](games/konane/konane.md) also has similar gameplay. General references: the game is also re-described in @Murray2 [§4.4.5, p. 83], but I think he misinterprets the description of the game. diff --git a/src/games/crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md b/src/games/crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md index 8ee7f4a5..77a880e6 100644 --- a/src/games/crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md +++ b/src/games/crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md @@ -11,47 +11,50 @@ subgames: originalTitle: 八㪥 equipment: Dice game countries: CN -date modified: 2024-12-21 +date modified: 2024-12-23 date created: 2024-12-18 --- - -

    Crown & Anchor is a dice game that is probably most famous as being popular with British and “Colonial” servicemen in the early 20th century, but today it is played in many locations around the world. The game play is equivalent to that of {% gameref chuck-a-luck %}, but the pips on the dice and the numbers on the staking-table are replaced by symbols: the titular 👑︎ crown and ⚓︎ anchor, and the playing-card suits: s spade, c club, d diamond, and h heart. -

    -{/* excerpt */} +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice bearing the symbols of a crown, anchor, and playing card symbols.](D0578.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> originalUrl: https://averweij.web.cern.ch/crownanchor.htm +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Crown & Anchor dice from the early 20th century. -Three dice bearing the symbols of a crown, anchor, and playing card symbols. ## History -
    - -‘It’s a fair game,’ he was saying; ‘it’s a fair game. The wee boy has the same -chance as the old man, and the old man as the wee boy.’[@ItsAFineWorld p. 210] - -
    +> [!epigraph] +> +> ‘It’s a fair game,’ he was saying; ‘it’s a fair game. The wee boy has the same chance as the old man, and the old man as the wee boy.’[@ItsAFineWorld p. 210] Please note that the following is (necessarily, for me) biased toward English-language sources. It is entirely possible the game has a longer history elsewhere; for the moment, at least, I cannot say. - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](game-crown-anchor-game-mat-world-war-i-1915-791762-large.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> license: cc-by +> licenseVersion: 4.0 +> originalUrl: https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/387918 +> authorFamily: Morrow +> authorGiven: Sandra +> orgName: Museums Victoria +> ``` +> +> A Crown & Anchor mat purchased in Colombo (Sri Lanka) in 1915 and used by Australian troops while in transport. Many gaming histories cite a 17th or 18th century origin for the game, but based on textual evidence it seems to date from the late 19th century (at least in the @@ -64,27 +67,20 @@ At first, the game was played with symbols other than the crown and anchor. The [^fn0]: This is clearly the same game as six outcomes are listed and the operator announces “three to win, three to lose” — a classically misleading claim! -Other variants were developed through the 19th century: In 1842, the -Punch character Mr. Muff “mistrust[s] the chances of the ‘Dimunt, -Star, Hanker, Crown, Club, and Feather’” being played at the (fictional) -“Clodpole races”.[@CuriositiesOfMedicalExperience] In 1859 a game involving -“anchor, heart, etc” is described at a fair,[@GamblingAtFairs] and in 1860 -“clubs, spades, &c.” at a game at the races.[@GamblingAtTheRaces] An 1864 -newspaper article claims that [Deacon -Brodie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Brodie) played a game of “anchor, -club, star, feather, heart, [and] spade” in his youth, but this may be -anachronistic — in any case, it is still an early -reference.[@TheMysteriesOfEdinburgh] In 1875 there is reference to a game of -“feather, star, and anchor” being played in Epping -Forest.[@EasterMondayInTheForest] In 1889, chuck-a-luck (as the “three dice -game”) is reported in -[Middlesbrough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesbrough).[@GamblingInMiddlesbrough] - -Three dice bearing the symbols of the sun, anchor, and playing card symbols. +Other variants were developed through the 19th century: In 1842, the Punch character Mr. Muff “mistrust[s] the chances of the ‘Dimunt, Star, Hanker, Crown, Club, and Feather’” being played at the (fictional) “Clodpole races”.[@CuriositiesOfMedicalExperience] In 1859 a game involving “anchor, heart, etc” is described at a fair,[@GamblingAtFairs] and in 1860 “clubs, spades, &c.” at a game at the races.[@GamblingAtTheRaces] An 1864 newspaper article claims that [Deacon Brodie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Brodie) played a game of “anchor, club, star, feather, heart, [and] spade” in his youth, but this may be anachronistic — in any case, it is still an early reference.[@TheMysteriesOfEdinburgh] In 1875 there is reference to a game of “feather, star, and anchor” being played in Epping Forest.[@EasterMondayInTheForest] In 1889, chuck-a-luck (as the “three dice game”) is reported in [Middlesbrough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesbrough).[@GamblingInMiddlesbrough] + +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice bearing the symbols of the sun, anchor, and playing card symbols.](D0626nd.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Modern versions of “anchor & sun” dice. Early references to the game under the name anker en zon (“anchor and sun”) appear in Flanders in 1880,[@Aldenardiana] and finally as “the crown and anchor game” in Melbourne,[^inmelbourne] Australia in 1882.[@CrownAndAnchorAustralia] An equivalent game is recorded as being played in British-controlled Hong Kong in 1884.[@HongKongCrownAnchor] @@ -97,18 +93,22 @@ Information from the people who actually ran the games is hard to find. One nota [^snidepitching]: Such as “snide-pitching” (passing false money), and “shoot-flying” (stealing pocket watches by grabbing their chains)![@EastEndUnderworld pp. 175–8] > [!aside] +> > Another curious patent for a game using Crown & Anchor dice was filed in 1891[@PatentLudoCrownAnchor] and eventually granted in modified form in 1905;[@PatentLudoCrownAnchor2] this one combined the dice with the game of Ludo, but is mechanically unrelated. An interesting patent lodged in England in 1895 (see image) indicates that the crown-and-anchor version of the game must have been known at that time, but I have yet to find any other references to it this early on, and the patent does not mention Crown & Anchor by name.[@GB189504141A] - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](StarsAndStripes.png) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> license: "cc0" +> ``` +> +> An image from the patent for the game “Stars and Stripes”. The game has also at times been called “bubble and buck”,[@BubbleBuck1911] “bumble and buck”,[@APrivateInTheGuards p. 189] “diddlum @@ -128,13 +128,17 @@ References from the end of the Boer War period refer to returning British soldie ### World War I - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](6089711.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: cc0 +> originalUrl: https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/E04801 +> orgName: Australian War Memorial +> ``` +> +> British gun crews with two 9″ guns, May 1918; the counterweight “dirt box” in front is painted with Crown & Anchor iconography. At the beginning of WWI the game was, at least at first, still unfamiliar to many British soldiers, and seems to have been most strongly associated with Australian troops. Sam Sutcliffe described a camp scene at [Abbassia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbassia) in 1915:[@NobodyOfAnyImportance p. 191] @@ -166,13 +170,18 @@ At the beginning of WWI the game was, at least at first, still unfamiliar to man [^mingle]: English troops were not permitted to mingle with the Australians. [^mudhook]: i.e. anchor, see below. -c. 1919. - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](4169475.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> license: cc0 +> originalUrl: https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C607?image=1 +> orgName: Australian War Memorial +> ``` +> +> Australians playing Crown & Anchor aboard HMAT Medic, c. 1919. As seen in the last quote, each symbol had its own nickname. The crown could also be termed the “sergeant-major” or “[Teddy’s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII) hat”, the spade the “shovel” or “pioneer’s tool”, the diamond the “curse” or “[Kimberley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley,_Northern_Cape)”, the heart the “jam tart”, the club the “shamrock”, and the anchor the “mud-hook”, “mud-rake”, or “meat-hook”.[@APrivateInTheGuards pp. 187-8][@TheLongTrail] @@ -199,14 +208,14 @@ Similar samples of the proprietors’ patter resound from many memoirs of the wa > Where you lay we pay. Come and put your money with the lucky old man. I touch > the money, but I never touch the dice. Any more for the lucky old heart? Make -> it even on the lucky old heart. Are you all done, gentlemen? … Are you all -> done? … The diamond, meat-hook, and lucky old sergeant-major. (He shakes +> it even on the lucky old heart. Are you all done, gentlemen? … _Are you all +> done?_ … The diamond, meat-hook, and lucky old sergeant-major. (He shakes > the dice again.) Now, then, will any one down on his luck put a little bit of > snow (some silver) on the curse? Does any one say a bit of snow on the old -> hook? Are you all done, gentlemen? Are you all done? … Cocked dice -> are no man’s dice. Change your bets or double them! Now, then, up she -> comes again. The mud-rake, the shamrock, and the lucky old heart. Copper -> to copper, silver to silver, and gold to gold We shall have to drag +> hook? Are you all done, gentlemen? _Are you all done?_ … Cocked dice +> are no man’s dice. Change your bets or double them! Now, then, _up she +> comes again._ The mud-rake, the shamrock, and the lucky old heart. Copper +> to copper, silver to silver, and _gold to gold_ We shall have to drag > the old anchor a bit. (Rattles the dice.) Now who tries his luck on the name > of the game? @@ -245,14 +254,19 @@ Post-war memoirs indicate that the game was commonly played in c. 1930s? - +> [!figure] +> +> ![A creased cloth Crown & Anchor board](CA_StGeorge.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> ``` +> +> A “St. George Series” Crown & Anchor board, c. 1930s? -{/* { /* TODO

    As in the Boer and First World Wars, the game was played by prisoners in and concentration camps.

    */} */} + +> [!todo] +> As in the Boer and First World Wars, the game was played by prisoners in and concentration camps. ### Post-War @@ -262,9 +276,16 @@ A version of the game played by workers constructing Scotland’s hydro-electric ## Around the World - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](../../maps/CrownAndAnchor.svg) +> +> ```yaml +> noborder: true +> size: wide +> ``` +> +> Countries known to play Crown & Anchor. The game is played in many locations around the world, some of which are described below. Note that American-style games including casino versions are @@ -272,11 +293,20 @@ discussed in the [Chuck-a-Luck](games/chuck-a-luck.md) article. ### China and amongst Peranakans -Three dice bearing the Chinese symbols: fish, prawn, crab, gourd, coin, and rooster. +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice bearing the Chinese symbols: fish, prawn, crab, gourd, coin, and rooster.](D0288.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> originalUrl: https://averweij.web.cern.ch/hoo-hey-how.htm +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Modern Chinese dice. + In English the Chinese name is usually given as “Hoo Hey How”; this appears to derive from the Hokkien hû hê hāu 魚蝦鱟.[@GamblingGamesOfMalaya p. 109] The modern Chinese name is 魚蝦蟹/鱼虾鲎 ‘fish prawn crab’; these are several of the symbols that commonly appear on the staking layout. @@ -306,49 +336,74 @@ very similar in all regions. The Vietnamese game has a similar æsthetic to the Chinese version, including the name: bầu cua tôm cá (‘gourd crab prawn fish’). -Three dice made out of paper boxes with the images of the Vietnamese version of the game on them. +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice made out of paper boxes with the images of the Vietnamese version of the game on them.](D0344nd_a.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> originalUrl: https://averweij.web.cern.ch/sunanchor.htm +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Modern Vietnamese dice, made out of paper. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice, showing a deer, crab, and gourd.](shutterstock_541065082.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> authorFamily: Shark +> authorGiven: Marie +> license: stock-image +> orgName: Shutterstock.com +> originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/traditional-vietnamese-game-bau-cua-tom-541065277 +> identifier: 541065082 +> ``` +> +> Three dice as used in the Vietnamese game. -Three dice, showing a deer, crab, and gourd. #### Thailand I have little information about the game in Thailand other than that the paraphernalia for playing exists; gambling is illegal in Thailand. -Three dice bearing the symbols of the Thai version of the game. +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice bearing the symbols of the Thai version of the game.](D0751nd.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> originalUrl: https://averweij.web.cern.ch/hoo-hey-how.htm +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Modern Thai dice. + From what little I have seen, the game is called (น้ำ)เต้า ปู ปลา ((nam)tao pu pla, ‘(water)gourd crab fish’).[@ThaiGambling p. 85] The images that the game is played with are: goldfish (ปลาทอง pla-thong), chicken (ไก่ kai), crab (ปู pu), gourd (เต้า tao), tiger (เสือ suea), and shrimp (กุ้ง kung). Sometimes a frog (กบ kop) appears instead of a tiger.[@ThaiGambling p. 85] It is possible, although difficult, to obtain official permission to play the game at funerals.[@ThaiGambling p. 86] -Two dice with images of goldfish, crab, and chicken. +> [!figure] +> +> ![Two dice with images of goldfish, crab, and chicken.](shutterstock_319181276.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: stock-image +> orgName: Shutterstock.com +> author: jointstar +> identifier: 319181276 +> originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/animal-picture-on-dice-319181276 +> ``` +> +> Dice with Thai names. #### Cambodia @@ -362,30 +417,35 @@ The name of the game appears to be ဂျောက Again I have little information about the game here. Some images of the game being played in Laos follow. Interestingly, both photos show a board with Thai names. -
    -Children crowded around a table, staking money on the spaces. -A man places a large die into a dice tower above a staking table. -
    +> [!multi-wide] +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![Children crowded around a table, staking money on the spaces.](8373019722_76fabf1dfc_o.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > license: cc-by +> > licenseVersion: 2.0 +> > copyrightYear: 2013 +> > author: PhotAsia +> > originalUrl: https://www.flickr.com/photos/photasia/8373019722/ +> > ``` +> > +> > Children playing with a Thai-produced board in Laos. +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![A man places a large die into a dice tower above a staking table.](14740162634_e123789f25_o.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > license: cc-by-nc +> > licenseVersion: 2.0 +> > authorGiven: Jodie +> > authorFamily: Gallagher +> > originalUrl: https://www.flickr.com/photos/126412580@N04/14740162634/ +> > ``` +> > +> > Playing with a dice tower in Laos; the board has names in Thai. > [!todo] > Myanmar? @@ -400,13 +460,19 @@ In current times, the game is called झंडी Gambling remains illegal in most of India but the game is commonly played during [Diwali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwali). -Jhaṇḍī Muṇḍā. +> [!figure] +> +> ![](shutterstock_1958829937.svg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: stock-image +> orgName: Shutterstock.com +> author: rajanpy +> identifier: 1958829937 +> originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/langur-burja-jhandi-munda-dice-local-1958829937 +> ``` +> +> An example of a staking layout for Jhaṇḍī Muṇḍā. Note that the heart is presented with the same orientation as the spade; this appears to be a typical feature (see more examples: [1](https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-traditional-gambling-in-indian-village-on-a-festival-132646298.html), [2](https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-children-playing-gambling-game-bahundanda-village-lamjung-district-27979377.html)). @@ -420,24 +486,36 @@ The names of the symbols are (in Hindi): * diamond: ईंट īṇṭ (literally ‘brick’) * heart: पान pān (‘betel leaf’) - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](shutterstock_1035142783.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> license: stock-image +> orgName: Shutterstock.com +> author: Kondoruk +> identifier: 1035142783 +> copyrightYear: 2017 +> originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/pokhara-nepal-sept-24-2017-unidentified-1035142783 +> ``` +> +> The game being played with 6 dice in [Pokhara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhara), Nepal. + +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three dice bearing the symbols of the flag, crown, and playing card symbols, in elaborate carvings.](D1315.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> originalUrl: https://averweij.web.cern.ch/nepal.htm +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Modern dice for the Nepalese game. -Three dice bearing the symbols of the flag, crown, and playing card symbols, in elaborate carvings. In Nepal the game is called langur burja (लंगूर or लङ्गुर बुर्जा).[^fn3] It is commonly played during the festivals of [Dashain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashain) (दशैं) and [Tihar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_(festival)) (तिहार), and it is usually played with six dice (requiring a minimum of two matches to pay out). @@ -452,11 +530,20 @@ Some Nepali names for the playing-card symbols are: ### Malaysia and Brunei -Three plastic dice with images of: tiger, gourd, prawn, rooster, crab, fish. +> [!figure] +> +> ![Three plastic dice with images of: tiger, gourd, prawn, rooster, crab, fish.](D0752nd.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> position: aside +> originalUrl: https://averweij.web.cern.ch/hoo-hey-how.htm +> authorGiven: Arjan +> authorFamily: Verweij +> license: with-permission +> ``` +> +> Modern Malaysian dice. + In Malaysia the game can be known as ikan, udang, dan ketam (‘fish, shrimp, and crab’), ketam-ketam (‘crabs’), or yu ha hai (derived from a non-Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name). Chinese-style staking layouts are often used. @@ -472,25 +559,27 @@ Bali is (based on appearances on the internet) possibly the part of the world wh As in many cultures, gambling is often associated with religious festivals. While other Balinese gambling activities such as the [cock-fight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockfight#Indonesia) are restricted to men, the game can be played by anyone, including young children. -Pura Samuan Tiga     temple; note the men wearing traditional -Balinese dress including [udeng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia#:~:text=Malay%20men%27s%20headgear-,Udeng,-%2C%20Balinese%20men%27s%20headgear). - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](15100534169_2721b8ae84_o.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: cc-by-nc-nd +> licenseVersion: 2.0 +> author: Walther Tjon Pian Gi +> copyrightYear: 2011 +> originalUrl: https://www.flickr.com/photos/wtpg/15100534169/ +> ``` +> +> A game being played with 6 dice and 12 squares (including one featuring the [Teletubbies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletubbies)!) at Pura Samuan Tiga temple; note the men wearing traditional Balinese dress including [udeng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia#:~:text=Malay%20men%27s%20headgear-,Udeng,-%2C%20Balinese%20men%27s%20headgear). In the Balinese game, bets can be placed spanning two symbols. -{/* TODO: what is the bet return here? */} +> [!todo] +> what is the bet return here? -{/* TODO: Javanese game: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_As-5302 */} +> [!todo] +> Javanese game: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_As-5302 Some of the sets of symbols used are: @@ -510,41 +599,53 @@ Some of the sets of symbols used are: (frog){%fn%}Seen [here](https://www.alamy.com/balinese-traditional-street-gambling-the-game-called-kocok-or-mong-mongan-with-fields-saying-eagle-old-man-girl-fish-frog-and-lion-in-indonesian-image261042011.html).{%endfn%} -
    - - -
    +> [!multi-extra-wide] +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](shutterstock_1350321158.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > license: stock-image +> > orgName: Shutterstock.com +> > author: Novie Charleen Magne +> > identifier: 1350321158 +> > copyrightYear: 2013 +> > originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/karangasem-bali-indonesia-26-july-2013-1350321158 +> > ``` +> > +> > A game being played in Bali: bets are placed… +> +> > [!figure] +> > +> > ![](shutterstock_1350321164.jpg) +> > +> > ```yaml +> > license: stock-image +> > orgName: Shutterstock.com +> > author: Novie Charleen Magne +> > identifier: 1350321164 +> > copyrightYear: 2013 +> > originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/karangasem-bali-indonesia-26-july-2013-1350321164 +> > ``` +> > +> > …and the dice are revealed. The game can also be played without symbols, but the dice used are still very highly stylized: - +> [!figure] +> +> ![](shutterstock_1398460952.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> license: stock-image +> orgName: Shutterstock.com +> author: Nomad1988 +> identifier: 1398460952 +> copyrightYear: 2017 +> originalUrl: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/baliindonesia2009-on-weekeds-bali-1398460952 +> ``` +> +> A Balinese game played without imagery. ### West Indies @@ -552,40 +653,46 @@ The game was probably played throughout the British West Indies; there are recor The game is still played today in Jamaica. -A Crown & Anchor table scattered with money and weights and surrounded by a large crowd. +> [!figure] +> +> ![A Crown & Anchor table scattered with money and weights and surrounded by a large crowd.](207971457_ed644c66ab_o.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> originalUrl: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ekkaia/207971457 +> license: cc-by-nd +> licenseVersion: 2.0 +> author: Lisa +> copyrightYear: 2006 +> ``` +> +> A busy game being played during the Cup Match in Bermuda. + In Bermuda, the game is legal during the weekend of the Cup Match (a cricket tournament), and played in large tents known as the “stock market”.[@CupMatchAndCarnival p. 267] It is also known as Hook and Hat.[@AScapeToBermuda p. 123] -{/*{/* TODO: Lago Lago in Bhutan? */}*/} +> [!todo] +> TODO: Lago Lago in Bhutan? ## Fairground variants -As with {% gameref chuck-a-luck %}, the game has been adapted for mass play at -fairgrounds and carnivals. As noted on that article, the modified games usually -have worse odds for the players. - -A Crown-and-Anchor wheel and staking board with proprietors. +As with [Chuck-a-Luck](games/chuck-a-luck/chuck-a-luck.md), the game has been adapted for mass play at fairgrounds and carnivals. As noted on that article, the modified games usually have worse odds for the players. + +> [!figure] +> +> ![A Crown-and-Anchor wheel and staking board with proprietors.](3891195907_1d9ce6774a_o.jpg) +> +> ```yaml +> size: wide +> originalUrl: https://www.flickr.com/photos/tsarkasim/3891195907/ +> author: Damien D. +> copyrightYear: 2009 +> licenseVersion: 2.0 +> license: cc-by-sa +> ``` +> +> A Crown & Anchor wheel in Toronto. + ## See also -The French game of {% gameref tribord-et-babord %} appears to be similar to -Crown & Anchor, but the rules are very different. +The French game of [Tribord et Bâbord](games/tribord-et-babord/tribord-et-babord.md) appears to be similar to Crown & Anchor, but the rules are very different. diff --git a/src/games/daldos/daldos.md b/src/games/daldos/daldos.md index b44c6e37..1d69249b 100644 --- a/src/games/daldos/daldos.md +++ b/src/games/daldos/daldos.md @@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ draft: true players: 2 --- - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="maryrose_daldos.jpg" alt="" + license="with-permission", orgName="The Mary Rose Museum" +> ``` +> +> Daldøs board(?) on a barrel-end from the wreck of the Mary Rose (1545). diff --git a/src/games/eight-faces/eight-faces.md b/src/games/eight-faces/eight-faces.md index 1414f71d..9ff9204f 100644 --- a/src/games/eight-faces/eight-faces.md +++ b/src/games/eight-faces/eight-faces.md @@ -89,9 +89,13 @@ The special die has eight sides, each marked with the name of a character from t The staking board is drawn on a piece of paper or cloth, and has eight cells, one for each result, along with several circles and quarter-circles: - -The staking layout, after @GamblingGamesOfMalaya [p. 124]. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='pek-bin.svg' noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> The staking layout, after @GamblingGamesOfMalaya [p. 124]. ## Rules diff --git a/src/games/euchre/euchre.md b/src/games/euchre/euchre.md index b6ecb5b4..4cc8d04e 100644 --- a/src/games/euchre/euchre.md +++ b/src/games/euchre/euchre.md @@ -5,9 +5,14 @@ equipment: Card game (standard deck) players: 4 --- -A map showing Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Canada, the UK, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga. +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="../../maps/Euchre.svg" alt="A map showing Australia, New Zealand, the USA, Canada, the UK, the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga." +> ``` +> +> Euchre is played in many countries around the world. + It is popular throughout Polynesia: diff --git a/src/games/fan-tan/fan-tan.md b/src/games/fan-tan/fan-tan.md index d4745e7e..0f8b2421 100644 --- a/src/games/fan-tan/fan-tan.md +++ b/src/games/fan-tan/fan-tan.md @@ -27,17 +27,27 @@ In the Philippines, it has been known as capona [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="in_our_chinese_quarter.png" alt="" license="cc0" orgName="State Library of Victoria" originalUrl="http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/296711" noborder=true size="wide" - identifier="1656481" %} -“Sketches in Our Chinese Quarter: Fan Tan Playing, and A Chinese Restaurant”, as depicted in the Australasian Sketcher.[@SketchesInOurChineseQuarter] - + identifier="1656481" +> ``` +> +> “Sketches in Our Chinese Quarter: Fan Tan Playing, and A Chinese Restaurant”, as depicted in the Australasian Sketcher.[@SketchesInOurChineseQuarter] + The play of the game is straightforward. The game master or croupier —  called 揸攤人/揸摊人 (Mandarin: zhā tān rén) or 攤官/摊官 (Mandarin: tān guān, Cantonese: taan¹ gun¹) — sits or stands at one end of the table. Before them, they have a large pile of small identical objects; traditionally Chinese cash coins (釐) were used, but more recently white buttons or white stones similar to go stones have been used. The game master has a cup called the ‘spreading cup’ 攤盅/摊盅 which is used to take a random number of items from the large pile and cover them while bets are placed. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="fantan.png" alt="" license="cc0" size="extra-wide" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A game of fan-tan as played in Guangzhou, from @ChinaAHistoryOfTheLaws [p. 386]. The game master (seated at the far end of the table) appears to have two assistants, one to his right and one seated nearer the bettors. + Spreading cup used to spread out coins: (http://www.ims.sdu.edu.cn/__local/F/F1/39/92CAD2D39E53B9090BDDAC265CC_F0836209_6D7B5.pdf) @@ -105,11 +115,16 @@ An early description in English, from 1843:[@AmusementsInChina] --- - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="mp004312.png" alt="" license="cc0" orgName="State Library of Victoria" originalUrl="http://handle.slv.vic.gov.au/10381/253000" noborder=true size="wide" - identifier="1656481" %} -“The Chinese in Victoria—A Game of Fan Tan”, as depicted in the Illustrated Australian News.[@AGameOfFanTan] - + identifier="1656481" +> ``` +> +> “The Chinese in Victoria—A Game of Fan Tan”, as depicted in the Illustrated Australian News.[@AGameOfFanTan] + > The British law is somewhat severe on the heathen in the matter of games of chance. There are hundreds of ways by which Europeans evade the act, but the Chinese are made to pay dearly for any attempt of that nature.[@AGameOfFanTanArticle] diff --git a/src/games/fishing-for-hairtails/fishing-for-hairtails.md b/src/games/fishing-for-hairtails/fishing-for-hairtails.md index 15e65767..7bf04691 100644 --- a/src/games/fishing-for-hairtails/fishing-for-hairtails.md +++ b/src/games/fishing-for-hairtails/fishing-for-hairtails.md @@ -53,12 +53,17 @@ Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) The game is played with a deck of two-colour chess cards containing 56 cards, so that there are 4 copies of each individual card (8 of each rank). This deck is sometimes called âng-pâi (紅牌 , ‘red cards’).[@DrieChineescheKaartspelen p. 415] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="釣魚牌.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%87%A3%E9%AD%9A%E7%89%8C.png" author="outlookxp" copyrightYear="2013" - license="cc-by-sa" licenseVersion="3.0" %} -Example cards from a deck. - + license="cc-by-sa" licenseVersion="3.0" +> ``` +> +> Example cards from a deck. + The types of cards in each colour are: diff --git a/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md b/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md index ae24176b..c61cc9fc 100644 --- a/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md +++ b/src/games/gunjin-shogi/gunjin-shogi.md @@ -33,9 +33,14 @@ piece ranked lower than itself. In general, if two pieces of the same rank meet, both are removed from the board. My interpretation of the ranking of each piece is as follows: - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="gunjin_shogi.jpg" alt="" position="aside" +> ``` +> +> The board for the 14-piece version, printed on thin paper. + {/* {/*TODO: this table is a best-guess at the moment */} */} @@ -321,11 +326,16 @@ The board for the 14-piece version, printed on thin paper. ### 31-piece version - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" alt="A board game box with an image of a soldier riding a white horse and carrying the flag of the Japanese army. On the side of the image are depicted two aeroplanes and a tank." - src='gunjin_shogi_box_2.jpg' %} -The box for 大型行軍将棋. - + src='gunjin_shogi_box_2.jpg' +> ``` +> +> The box for 大型行軍将棋. + This version was sold as 大型行軍将棋 (ōgatakōgunshōgi ‘large marching chess’). diff --git a/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md b/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md index 984bf699..90755250 100644 --- a/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md +++ b/src/games/hachi-hachi/hachi-hachi.md @@ -349,15 +349,20 @@ It was also formerly known as yaku can also be called yoroshī (よろしい, ‘good’) or akayoro (赤よろ, ‘red good’), or even simply aka (緋, ‘scarlet’), although this risks confusion with the aka teyaku. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="extra-wide" src='Sugawara_scene.jpg' alt="" originalUrl='https://collections.mfa.org/objects/217240', orgName='Museum of Fine Arts Boston', - license='cc0' %} -The ‘Kuruma­hiki’ (車引き, carriage-pulling) scene from Sugawara and the Secrets of Calligraphy.
    The three brothers can be seen at front wearing clothes bearing the plants: cherry blossoms, plum blossoms, and pine trees.
    An 1841 print by [Utagawa Kunisada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunisada) (歌川国貞). - + license='cc0' +> ``` +> +> The ‘Kuruma­hiki’ (車引き, carriage-pulling) scene from Sugawara and the Secrets of Calligraphy.
    The three brothers can be seen at front wearing clothes bearing the plants: cherry blossoms, plum blossoms, and pine trees.
    An 1841 print by [Utagawa Kunisada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunisada) (歌川国貞). + ## Equipment @@ -416,31 +421,46 @@ lang="ja-Latn">Kamigataya [Kabushiki Kaisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabushiki_gaisha). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="extra-wide" src="KashiNintendo_1.jpg;KashiNintendo_10.jpg;KashiNintendo_50.jpg;KashiNintendo_100.jpg;KashiNintendo_reverse.jpg" - alt=";;;;" %} -Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100. - + alt=";;;;" +> ``` +> +> Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="extra-wide" src='KashiNintendo2_1.jpg;KashiNintendo2_10.jpg;KashiNintendo2_50.jpg;KashiNintendo2_100.jpg;KashiNintendo2_reverse.jpg' alt=";;;;" - %} -Later (redrawn) Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100. - + +> ``` +> +> Later (redrawn) Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="extra-wide" src='KashiNintendo3_1.jpg;KashiNintendo3_10.jpg;KashiNintendo3_50.jpg;KashiNintendo3_100.jpg;KashiNintendo3_reverse.jpg' alt=";;;;" - %} -Yet later (slightly redrawn) Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100. - + +> ``` +> +> Yet later (slightly redrawn) Nintendo-style Kashifuda cards, in denominations of 1, 10, 50, and 100. + Kamigataya. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="extra-wide" src="Kashi非_1.jpg;Kashi非_5.jpg;Kashi非_25.jpg;Kashi非_100.jpg;Kashi非_reverse.jpg" - alt=";;;;" %} -Kashifuda by an unknown manufacturer, in denominations of 1, 5, 25, and 100. - + alt=";;;;" +> ``` +> +> Kashifuda by an unknown manufacturer, in denominations of 1, 5, 25, and 100. + --- diff --git a/src/games/horseshoe/horseshoe.md b/src/games/horseshoe/horseshoe.md index 305ef154..1b803c56 100644 --- a/src/games/horseshoe/horseshoe.md +++ b/src/games/horseshoe/horseshoe.md @@ -13,9 +13,14 @@ This is a simple blocking game for children that seems to originate from China,

    - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="../../maps/Horseshoe.svg" noborder=true alt="" position="aside" +> ``` +> +> Countries mentioned in this article. + The board is simple enough to be drawn with a finger into dirt or sand, and can be played with any two sets of two distinctive pieces: rocks, shell, bottlecaps, @@ -34,17 +39,31 @@ In Korea it is known as umulgonu ( - -A Korean board, after @KoreanGames [p. 100]. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Korean_board.svg" noborder=true alt="" +> ``` +> +> A Korean board, after @KoreanGames [p. 100]. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Thai_board_2.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A Thai board, as found [online](https://web.archive.org/web/20220809031306/https://shopee.co.th/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87-Dead-End-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%92%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87-wooden-family-board-games-i.92760471.11313361650). + + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Thai_board.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A Thai board, after @KoreanGames [p. 100]. - @@ -62,9 +81,14 @@ This theme is also known in the Mongolian version of the game, where the circula ## Play - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="pong-hau-ki.svg" alt="" size="small" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> The initial placement of the pieces. + Each player has two matching pieces. The game board is set up in the initial position as shown above. On each player’s turn, they select one of their pieces to diff --git a/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md b/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md index 52ac0d32..4cf048c6 100644 --- a/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md +++ b/src/games/kakkuri/kakkuri.md @@ -17,14 +17,19 @@ suits. Alternatively, it can be played with Ha cards if you are very familiar with the deck ordering, or you can play with a standard deck of cards by removing all ⑩s. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true size="wide" src="../../articles/cards/japan/komatsufuda.png" alt="48 cards in 4 suits of 12 with red and black designs, which are difficult to decipher" - license='cc-by-sa', licenseVersion='4.0', author='Outlookxp', copyrightYear=2014, originalUrl='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AD.png' %} -The 48 cards of the traditional komatsufuda deck. - + license='cc-by-sa', licenseVersion='4.0', author='Outlookxp', copyrightYear=2014, originalUrl='https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AD.png' +> ``` +> +> The 48 cards of the traditional komatsufuda deck. + ## Setup diff --git a/src/games/knurr-and-spell/knurr-and-spell.md b/src/games/knurr-and-spell/knurr-and-spell.md index 28214d00..c8dfeaa0 100644 --- a/src/games/knurr-and-spell/knurr-and-spell.md +++ b/src/games/knurr-and-spell/knurr-and-spell.md @@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ title: Knurr and Spell draft: true --- - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="knur_spel.jpg" alt="" size="wide" orgName="The New York Public Library" orgAbbr="NYPL" license="cc0" identifier="b13757782" - originalUrl="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dc-dca1-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99" %} -Men playing “nor and spell”, from @CostumeOfYorkshire. - + originalUrl="https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47dc-dca1-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99" +> ``` +> +> Men playing “nor and spell”, from @CostumeOfYorkshire. diff --git a/src/games/koa/koa.md b/src/games/koa/koa.md index 1751e112..8bdab0fd 100644 --- a/src/games/koa/koa.md +++ b/src/games/koa/koa.md @@ -10,9 +10,14 @@ draft: true Koa (also Kowah) is a draw-and-discard game played with {%a ceki%}. It is also sometimes simply called Ceki,[@CekiOrKowah] and is probably the most canonical of the games played with the cards.

    -{%a glossary#:~:text=the%20tong,tong%}     on the table for collecting the house cut. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="koa_2.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" size="wide" originalUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.258935" identifier="RP-F-F18040" orgName="Rijksmuseum" +> ``` +> +> A Koa game in progress, 1890s or earlier.[^fn0] Note the {%a glossary#:~:text=the%20tong,tong%} on the table for collecting the house cut. -[^fn0]: Identified as such in @VolkenDerAarde [p. 106], and @BlikJavaansche_2 [pl. XV]. \ No newline at end of file + +[^fn0]: Identified as such in @VolkenDerAarde [p. 106], and @BlikJavaansche_2 [pl. XV]. diff --git a/src/games/konane/konane.md b/src/games/konane/konane.md index 52a91bb0..cf638aa8 100644 --- a/src/games/konane/konane.md +++ b/src/games/konane/konane.md @@ -15,16 +15,21 @@ deep.

    {/* excerpt */} - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='konane_960.jpg' alt="A child playing kōnane." authorGiven="Janice", authorFamily="Wei", orgName="National Park Service", orgAbbr="NPS", copyrightYear=2018, license="cc0", - originalUrl="https://www.nps.gov/havo/learn/news/20180315_pr_april_events.htm" %} -A game of kōnane in action. - + originalUrl="https://www.nps.gov/havo/learn/news/20180315_pr_april_events.htm" +> ``` +> +> A game of kōnane in action. + ## History @@ -167,7 +172,10 @@ lang="es">damas     (‘Spanish draughts’), which is known in Hawaii as mū. However, it could also be used to play kōnane by playing the game on the diagonal. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="wide" src="33654775226_96814ca128_o.jpg" alt="A photograph of a kōnane board set up for play on a beach, with two chairs carved from tree trunks." @@ -175,9 +183,11 @@ lang="haw">kōnane by playing the game on the diagonal. copyrightYear=2017, license='cc-by', licenseVersion='2.0', - originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/stella12/33654775226/" %} -A kōnane board at Alahaka Bay. - + originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/stella12/33654775226/" +> ``` +> +> A kōnane board at Alahaka Bay. + ### The Pieces @@ -203,16 +213,21 @@ on a beach, using rocks & shells. The board is set up by filling it with black and white pieces in a checkerboard pattern. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="24417651849_e661252c66_o.jpg" alt="A kōnane board set up for play with pieces in a checkerboard pattern." copyrightYear=2016, authorGiven="Kris", authorFamily="Arnold", license="cc-by", licenseVersion="2.0", - originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/43675529@N00/24417651849" %} -A kōnane board ready to play. - + originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/43675529@N00/24417651849" +> ``` +> +> A kōnane board ready to play. + To begin, the first player removes a piece from the centre of the board (or one of the squares adjacent to that, on an even-sized board), or from any corner. @@ -228,16 +243,21 @@ lang="haw">kāholo, ‘to move quickly’. The first player that cannot move any piece on their turn loses; draws are not possible. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Z0092008.jpg" alt="" copyrightYear=2008, orgName="The Strong National Museum of Play", originalUrl="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912083503/http://www.museumofplay.org/online-collections/3/48/112.7273", license='cc-by-nc-nd', - licenseVersion='4.0' %} -A commercial version of kōnane. The board can be seen on the top of the box. - + licenseVersion='4.0' +> ``` +> +> A commercial version of kōnane. The board can be seen on the top of the box. + ## Analysis diff --git a/src/games/leap-frog/leap-frog.md b/src/games/leap-frog/leap-frog.md index 9b3721c4..42806b6d 100644 --- a/src/games/leap-frog/leap-frog.md +++ b/src/games/leap-frog/leap-frog.md @@ -34,12 +34,17 @@ most pieces is the winner. ## Variants - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" alt="A square game board randomly filled with white, red, yellow, and green pieces." - src='leap-frog-variation.svg' %} - A sample initial configuration for Murray’s variation. - + src='leap-frog-variation.svg' +> ``` +> +> A sample initial configuration for Murray’s variation. + Murray[@Murray2 pp. 93–4] invented a variant in 1898. The undifferentiated pieces are replaced by pieces coloured white, yellow, red, and green, in the diff --git a/src/games/liubo/liubo.md b/src/games/liubo/liubo.md index a0f277f9..f0065d5b 100644 --- a/src/games/liubo/liubo.md +++ b/src/games/liubo/liubo.md @@ -10,13 +10,15 @@ date modified: 2024-12-22 --- - - - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="DP372026.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/50484" license="cc0" orgName="The Met museum" identifier="1994.285a–m" %} + + ``` +> +> Morabaraba is played across south-eastern Africa. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="../../maps/Morabaraba.svg" alt="A map showing Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, and South Africa." position="aside" noborder=true size="small" +> ``` +> +> Morabaraba is played across south-eastern Africa. +

    Morabaraba is a {% a mill-games,mill game %} from south-eastern Africa. The gameplay of the standardized version is very similar to {% gameref twelve-mens-morris %} (with a few minor differences), but the version played in Lesotho has a unique board. @@ -25,16 +30,21 @@ date modified: 2024-12-22 Morabaraba is played as a competitive sport in South Africa, administered by [Mind Sports South Africa](http://mindsportsa.co.za/). It is widely played throughout the country; a poll conducted by The Sowetan in 1996 indicated that 40% of South Africans played the game.[@MorabarabaGetOnBoard] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="A morabaraba board with bottlecaps being used as pieces. One player is using them right-side-up and the other player is using them upside-down." size="wide" src='shutterstock_1431198950.jpg' orgName="Shutterstock.com", author="ivanfolio", originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/traditonal-african-strategy-board-game-know-1431198950", - license="stock-image" %} -A game of Morabaraba being played. - + license="stock-image" +> ``` +> +> A game of Morabaraba being played. + ## History @@ -66,16 +76,21 @@ atop a sandstone plateau. The name moraba-raba comes from the Sesotho language, and is related to the verb ho raba raba ‘to roam in small circles’,[@SeSothoDictionary p. 304] so could refer to the action of a mill.‌ In Nguni languages (isiZulu, isiXhosa), it is known as (Um)labalaba, with similar meaning,‌[@GamesBasotho pp. 247–50] and in Ronga, spoken in Mozambique, it is called Muravarava. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="Two men dressed in warm blankets, gumboots, and balaclava, carrying staffs" position="left" src="shutterstock_1759308824.jpg" originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/bloemfontein-south-africa-september-11th-2019-1759308824", authorGiven="Vladimira", authorFamily="Pufflerova", orgName="Shutterstock.com", - license="stock-image" %} -Two Lesotho herdsmen carrying staffs. What appear to be caps are rolled-up balaclava: most of Lesotho is above 1 800 m, so it is cooler than many neighbouring countries. - + license="stock-image" +> ``` +> +> Two Lesotho herdsmen carrying staffs. What appear to be caps are rolled-up balaclava: most of Lesotho is above 1 800 m, so it is cooler than many neighbouring countries. + > [!aside] > There are two different [Sesotho orthographies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesotho_orthography). In this article I give the South African one first, followed by the Lesotho. @@ -99,13 +114,17 @@ caps](https://www.instagram.com/p/BMBbRAzBg1z/), and they show up in [computerized versions](https://www.instagram.com/p/Bf-isgxnIPF/) as a skeuomorphic feature.{%endfn%} are used in two contrasting colours. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" noborder=true src="../../articles/families/mill-games/large_merels_with_diagonals.svg" - alt=""> -Standard Morabaraba is played on the large mill board with diagonals. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Standard Morabaraba is played on the large mill board with diagonals. During the placement phase, players must place a single piece on any vacant point of the board. Once all their pieces are placed, players can move a single @@ -124,16 +143,21 @@ vacant point on the board, ignoring the lines. A player loses the game when they are reduced to fewer than three pieces, or if they are unable to make a valid move on their turn. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="Two school chidren stand next to a table where a game of muravarava is being played, looking at the board intensely, while an umpire watches." src='shutterstock_1268455078.jpg' copyrightYear=2018, orgName="Shutterstock.com", author="ivanfolio", originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/manica-mozambique-december-19-2018-young-1268455078", - license="stock-image" %} -A game of Muravarava being played in Mozambique, at Chinhamapere Secondary School. - + license="stock-image" +> ``` +> +> A game of Muravarava being played in Mozambique, at Chinhamapere Secondary School. + In tournament play, Mind Sports adopted an additional rule: During the movement phase, a piece that is moved from one mill to form another mill may not move @@ -151,13 +175,17 @@ moves.[@UltraStrongMorris] ### Sotho version - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="large_merels_with_diagonals_and_centre.svg" noborder=true - alt=""> -The Sotho version of the game is played on a board with a central cross. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The Sotho version of the game is played on a board with a central cross. The Sotho version of the game is played on a special board or flat stone (letlapa)[@BasothoChildren p. 35] where the centre square is @@ -188,18 +216,26 @@ There are also others that I have not been able to figure out; see the sources l > Unfortunately I have not been able to figure out exactly what they represent, but possibly they are names of specific piece formations.[@TransmitterOfAccolades] The Sesotho names are: tjhitja/chitja (‘hornless’ or ‘round’), which is apparently a winning strategy; katapane, another good strategy; and qheane, which is a poor or losing strategy.[@MasculinityAccordion p. 185–6] also ... seakgela/seakhela and qholo

    - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true src="large_merels_with_diagonals_and_centre_mill_examples.svg" - alt=""> -Some examples of valid mills on the Sotho board. - - ``` +> +> Some examples of valid mills on the Sotho board. +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true src="large_merels_with_diagonals_and_centre_bad_move.svg" - alt=""> -Not a mill; any mill using the centre point must have its middle piece on the centre point. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Not a mill; any mill using the centre point must have its middle piece on the centre point.
    4). ### Alternate board - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" noborder=true src="large_merels_with_full_diagonals.svg" - alt=""> -An alternate Morabaraba board. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> An alternate Morabaraba board. Another board pattern is also used to play Morabaraba, with a diagonally crossed central square. I do not know if the rules vary in any diff --git a/src/games/morra/morra.md b/src/games/morra/morra.md index 046a7570..626caf00 100644 --- a/src/games/morra/morra.md +++ b/src/games/morra/morra.md @@ -34,9 +34,14 @@ To play the game, both players stand facing each other. They simultaneously rais see correspondence [@GameOfMicatioDigitorum] [@MicatioDigitorumLetter][@MicatioDigitorumDescribed] (some of which is about {% gameref buck-buck %}) -hydria), c. 500 BCE. From @AtlasClassicalAntiquities [p. 150]. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="morra_vase.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Two Greek girls playing Morra, on a water-pot (hydria), c. 500 BCE. From @AtlasClassicalAntiquities [p. 150]. + See also: @PrimitiveCulture [p. 74] diff --git a/src/games/mu-torere/mu-torere.md b/src/games/mu-torere/mu-torere.md index d2dd2547..eaee60ef 100644 --- a/src/games/mu-torere/mu-torere.md +++ b/src/games/mu-torere/mu-torere.md @@ -16,14 +16,19 @@ It is said that the [Ngāti Haua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Hau%C ## Game - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="mu_torere.jpg" alt="TODO" size="wide" orgName="Alexander Turnbull Library" license="with-permission" identifier="PAColl-5671-07" - originalUrl="https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23218316" %} -A married couple (Te Urikore at left and Te Rangiua at right) playing Mū Tōrere, c. 1910. - + originalUrl="https://natlib.govt.nz/records/23218316" +> ``` +> +> A married couple (Te Urikore at left and Te Rangiua at right) playing Mū Tōrere, c. 1910. + The board used in the game has a central spot (putahi ‘centre’) as well as eight arms or ‘tentacles’ (kāwai) arranged around the central spot. In this way, the board resembles an octopus, and modern commercial versions of the game are often octopus-themed. diff --git a/src/games/nine-mens-morris/nine-mens-morris.md b/src/games/nine-mens-morris/nine-mens-morris.md index b41d992a..7dabb59d 100644 --- a/src/games/nine-mens-morris/nine-mens-morris.md +++ b/src/games/nine-mens-morris/nine-mens-morris.md @@ -17,17 +17,21 @@ In addition to being a game, the board itself was used as some kind of talisman ## Play - - -A large-format Nine Men’s Morris game being played at a festival in Hungary. - - - - - -Nine Men’s Morris is played on the large mill board. +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="wide" src="9245498309_0bbb716a9e_o.jpg" alt="People playing a large nine men’s morris game outdoors on a very large cloth with the board painted on it. They are playing on the grass surrounded by pavilions and onlookers." originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/neonzu1/9245498309" copyrightYear=2013 license="cc-by-nc-nd" licenseVersion="2.0" authorGiven="Ken" authorFamily="Owen" +> ``` +> +> A large-format Nine Men’s Morris game being played at a festival in Hungary. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" noborder=true alt="" src="../../articles/families/mill-games/large_merels.svg" +> ``` +> +> Nine Men’s Morris is played on the large mill board. The game (as most mill games) is split into two phases. During the first (placement) phase, the players take turns placing a single piece at a time onto @@ -52,12 +56,17 @@ When played on a board with diagonals, mills are not usually permitted to be mad
    - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="A weathered Nine Men’s Morris board scratched into a rock." src='DSCF0525.jpg' - copyrightYear=2014 %} -A Nine Men’s Morris board of unknown age in the Roman Agora, Athens. - + copyrightYear=2014 +> ``` +> +> A Nine Men’s Morris board of unknown age in the Roman Agora, Athens. + Årby boat”) from around the same time also included a Morris game.[@BoardGamesInBoatBurials p. 441] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="ship_board.jpg;6065924.jpg" alt=";" size="extra-wide" perRow=1 license="cc-by-sa" licenseVersion="4.0" authorGiven="Eirik Irgens" authorFamily="Johnsen" originalUrl="https://www.unimus.no/portal/#/things/7d99fcd2-59b3-45f3-aaa0-27d857633fc9" orgName="Kulturhistorisk Museum" orgAbbr="KHM" -%} -Sketch and photograph of the board from the Gokstad ship. - + +> ``` +> +> Sketch and photograph of the board from the Gokstad ship. + One of the earliest written references to the game is in the 10th century [Kitāb al-Aghānī](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_al-Aghani) ({% isolate "كتاب الأغاني" %}, ‘book of songs’), a large collection of poems and stories assembled by [ʾAbū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Faraj_al-Isfahani) ({% isolate "أبو الفرج الأصفهاني" %}, 897–967). One story describes a club from the time of the poet al-Aḥwaṣ ({% isolate "الأحوص" %}, 660–724), along with the board games it held for the use of its members. According to the book, they could play shiṭranj ({% isolate "شطرنج" %}, chess), nard (نرد), or — most importantly here — qirq ({% isolate 'قرق' %}, morris).[@GamblingInIslam p. 481] The derivation of the name qirq (قِرْقٌ) is uncertain,[^fn1] but it is apparently not originally an Arabic word.[@Murray2 p. 37][^fn2] @@ -149,15 +163,20 @@ which we get the English ‘merels’), probably deriving from a word meaning stone” or “token”.{%fn%}The marelles name currently refers to hopscotch, due to the stones tossed upon the diagram.{%endfn%} - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" alt="A section of a manuscript written in a calligraphic hand" src='templar-rule.jpg' originalUrl="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9058924p/f58.item.zoom", license="cc0", - orgName='Bibliothèque nationale de France', orgLang="fr", orgAbbr='BnF' %} -Text of the French Templar rule from an early 14th-century manuscript edition (with quoted passage highlighted). - + orgName='Bibliothèque nationale de France', orgLang="fr", orgAbbr='BnF' +> ``` +> +> Text of the French Templar rule from an early 14th-century manuscript edition (with quoted passage highlighted). + In the early 12th century, the game was mentioned in the French Rule of the Templar order (probably written between 1139 @@ -198,13 +217,18 @@ X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile)’s Libro de los Juegos (Book of Games), where in addition to the standard game, rules for playing with dice are given ([see below](#with-dice)). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="small" src='Alfonso_NMM.jpg' alt="" - license="cc0" %} -From Alfonso’s Book of Games. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> From Alfonso’s Book of Games. + - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='../daldos/maryrose_daldos.jpg' alt="" license="with-permission", orgName="The Mary Rose Museum" %} -A Nine Men’s Morris board alongside what seems to be a {% gameref daldos %} -board, on a barrel-end from the wreck of the English warship ‘[Mary Rose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Rose)’ (1545). - +A Nine Men’s Morris board alongside what seems to be a {% gameref daldos +> ``` +> +> board, on a barrel-end from the wreck of the English warship ‘[Mary Rose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Rose)’ (1545). + [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="A Morris board in a brick wall, made out of black and red bricks" src='P1130411a.jpg' size="wide" authorGiven="Ken", authorFamily="Broadhurst", copyrightYear=2016, license="with-permission", - originalUrl="https://ckenb.blogspot.com/2016/07/details-chateau-du-moulin.html" %} -A jeu du moulin in the south-west wall of the Château du Moulin (Loir-et-Cher, France). Built between 1480–1501, this is a punny reference to the name of the original owner, Philippe du Moulin. There is another Three Men’s Morris board on the eastern wall, and the nearby Château de Gien has a similar motif.[@MerylsBoardEnigma p. 103] - + originalUrl="https://ckenb.blogspot.com/2016/07/details-chateau-du-moulin.html" +> ``` +> +> A jeu du moulin in the south-west wall of the Château du Moulin (Loir-et-Cher, France). Built between 1480–1501, this is a punny reference to the name of the original owner, Philippe du Moulin. There is another Three Men’s Morris board on the eastern wall, and the nearby Château de Gien has a similar motif.[@MerylsBoardEnigma p. 103] + ## Analysis @@ -482,16 +516,21 @@ This is played with twelve pieces per player, on a board that has diagonals.[@Zaslavsky p. 7][@Murray2 p. 48] In all other respects, the game is the same. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="An old man’s hand reaches towards a worn morris board to move a piece." src='../../articles/families/mill-games/shutterstock_235028281.jpg' orgName="Shutterstock.com", author="Delpixel", identifier="235028281", originalUrl="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/close-on-hand-old-man-playing-235028281", - license="stock-image" %} -A Twelve Men’s Morris game being played. - + license="stock-image" +> ``` +> +> A Twelve Men’s Morris game being played. + #### Nomenclature @@ -505,12 +544,17 @@ In other countries or languages Twelve Men’s Morris has been known as: ### With Dice - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="A manuscript drawing of two men sitting beside a morris board with pieces and dice on it, while their attendants hold their spears." src='Nine_Mens_Morris_with_dice_in_Libro_de_los_juegos.jpg' - license="cc0" %} -A game being played with dice, from Alfonso X’s Book of Games. - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> A game being played with dice, from Alfonso X’s Book of Games. + Alfonso X’s book of games describes a variant played with dice.[@AlfonsoGames] While it is unclear from the manuscript what the exact rules are, Ulrich diff --git a/src/games/pai-tong/pai-tong.md b/src/games/pai-tong/pai-tong.md index 5533a80c..77d3f3c7 100644 --- a/src/games/pai-tong/pai-tong.md +++ b/src/games/pai-tong/pai-tong.md @@ -37,15 +37,20 @@ card will work. In Thailand playing cards are produced by government monopoly, so all decks are the same. Under the Gambling Act of 1935, the game may not be played for money without explicit permission.[@PaiPong] - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="thai_money_cards.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> Thai-style government-printed money cards. + ### Setup & Play -{%aside%} -Videos of the game being played can be found on [TikTok](https://www.tiktok.com/@greathitz/video/6830362440400702722). -{%endaside%} +> [!aside] +> +> Videos of the game being played can be found on [TikTok](https://www.tiktok.com/@greathitz/video/6830362440400702722). Shuffle the cards, and deal six cards to all players, then a second round of six cards to the starting player and five cards to all others, so that the starting player has 12 cards and the rest 11. Place the remainder of the cards face down in the middle to form the stock. diff --git a/src/games/paper-scissors-rock/paper-scissors-rock.md b/src/games/paper-scissors-rock/paper-scissors-rock.md index 8f494742..f5dc4ec8 100644 --- a/src/games/paper-scissors-rock/paper-scissors-rock.md +++ b/src/games/paper-scissors-rock/paper-scissors-rock.md @@ -7,14 +7,26 @@ date created: 2024-12-18 date modified: 2024-12-21 --- - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="DP144546.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/37105" license="cc0" orgName="The Met museum" identifier="JP655" +> ``` +> +> - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="DP119534.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/57030" license="cc0" orgName="The Met museum" identifier="JP2770a,b" +> ``` +> +> - - - - - - - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="DP119521.jpg" alt="" originalUrl="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/57034" license="cc0" orgName="The Met museum" identifier="JP2778" +> ``` +> +> diff --git a/src/games/passage/passage.md b/src/games/passage/passage.md index cc358c07..96851c8c 100644 --- a/src/games/passage/passage.md +++ b/src/games/passage/passage.md @@ -6,12 +6,17 @@ mainImage: 314D003a.jpg countries: FR,UK --- - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="314D003a.jpg" alt="A drawing of a man bending over a table and rolling three dice by candlelight. He looks ecstatic." originalUrl="http://www.zeno.org/nid/20003938557" orgName="Zeno.org" - license="cc0" %} -Le Passe Dix (c. 1797) by Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (here signed ‘Huquier’, the publishing address is also false). The player is probably the button-maker Nicolas Fonvielle.[@AntiquariaatArineVanDerSteur44 p. 38] - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Le Passe Dix (c. 1797) by Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (here signed ‘Huquier’, the publishing address is also false). The player is probably the button-maker Nicolas Fonvielle.[@AntiquariaatArineVanDerSteur44 p. 38] +

    Passage is an old dice gambling game for two players.[@CompleatGamester p. 167] In French it was called passe-dix ‘pass-ten’, similarly in Italian passadiéci,[@QueenAnnaFlorio 360] and in German Paschen. It has also been called pass-dice.[@AnnalsOfGaming 45] {/* OED: 1805 T. Holcroft Mem. Bryan Perdue II. 56 To..idle away..part of the four and twenty hours at hazard, pass-dice, picquet [etc.]. diff --git a/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md b/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md index 4ab19503..1a53d312 100644 --- a/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md +++ b/src/games/pigeon-lottery/pigeon-lottery.md @@ -136,15 +136,20 @@ Nevertheless, the game was permitted to continue and licenses to run [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="156734440_fc41d2c401_o.jpg" alt="A neon “Pacapio” sign." license="cc-by" licenseVersion="2.0" authorGiven="Brian" authorFamily="Chow" copyrightYear="2005" - originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/free-stuff/156734440" %} -A “Pacapio” sign in Macau. - + originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/free-stuff/156734440" +> ``` +> +> A “Pacapio” sign in Macau. + {/* Back in Guangdong, merchants petitioned for the game to be made legal…[@BettingOnEmpire p. 161] @@ -1063,14 +1068,19 @@ inadvertently returned the game to its pigeon-racing roots. ### Racehorse Keno - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Reno_Gazette_Journal_Sat__Apr_25__1936_.jpg;Reno_Gazette_Journal_Sat__May_2__1936_.jpg" justify="centered" alt="A newspaper advertisement: 'The Palace Club presents Reno's newest sensation: race horse keno. $2000 limit, it's new, it's different, don't miss the grand opening. Post time 12:00 noon.';A newspaper advertisement: 'They're off! at The Palace Club on their second sensational week: race horse keno, the game that has taken Reno by storm. First post 10 A.M., races every twenty minutes until 2:00 A.M., Saturdays until 4:00 A. M.'" originalUrl="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99585617/race-horse-keno/" license="cc0" - orgName="newspapers.com" %} -Race Horse Keno was introduced to the Palace Club in Reno upon its grand (re)opening on the 25th of April 1936. - + orgName="newspapers.com" +> ``` +> +> Race Horse Keno was introduced to the Palace Club in Reno upon its grand (re)opening on the 25th of April 1936. + As a game of chance and not a lottery, the “new” game was legal under Nevada laws.[@SilvioPetricciani p. 26] Warren describes in his own words how the game @@ -1089,16 +1099,21 @@ marked the tickets still used hair brushes imported from China,[@EveryLightWasOn p. 129] and the ink was purchased from Chinese suppliers.[@AlwaysBetOnTheButcher p. 50] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> alt="A black-and-white photo of two tickets on a stone counter. Two hands belonging to a man are in the shot: the left is holding the ticket, the right is holding a brush with ink on it." src="harolds_keno.jpg" license="cc-by-nc-nd" licenseVersion="4.0" originalUrl="https://archive.org/details/FamilyAffairHaroldsClub/page/n201" orgName="University of Nevada Oral History Program" -%} -A keno writer using a horsehair brush to mark tickets in Harolds Club, Nevada. - + +> ``` +> +> A keno writer using a horsehair brush to mark tickets in Harolds Club, Nevada. + In this “racehorse” version of the game, each number had a horse’s name assigned to it, and the names were announced in a similar way to the way that “[bingo calls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_bingo_nicknames)” are now performed. Warren gives an example of the patter (or “ballyhoo”) that was used to announce the game, mimicking the style of a horse racing commentator:[@AlwaysBetOnTheButcher p. 158] diff --git a/src/games/prinola/prinola.md b/src/games/prinola/prinola.md index 96287852..c01abe22 100644 --- a/src/games/prinola/prinola.md +++ b/src/games/prinola/prinola.md @@ -44,14 +44,22 @@ Players place their stakes on any of the partitions on the layout. The banker th ## Dadu Putar -Dadu Putar. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="D0141nd.jpg" alt="A wooden dice cover and six-sided teetotum." + authorGiven="Arjan" authorFamily="Verweij" license="with-permission" originalUrl="https://averweij.web.cern.ch/indonesia.htm" +> ``` +> +> Equipment for Dadu Putar. + In Indonesia the game has been called Dadu Putar (‘spinning die’), and was popular amongst Javanese labourers and miners.[@GamesAndDances p. 330] The top would be covered with a coconut shell or specially-made wooden cover whilst it was spinning. Evidence found online shows that the game is still played in this manner today. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="20.500.11840_1366529.jpg" alt="A black-and-white photo of a group of people, mostly men, standing and seated around a mat on the ground. One man is spining a teetotum in a dish, other players are placing coins on the mat inside squares marked with dice symbols." identifier="TM-10018006_REPRO" license="cc0" @@ -59,9 +67,11 @@ In Indonesia the game has been called Dadu Putar (or a game very similar to it) in [Bengkulu,](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu) Sumatra (1910–1930). - + originalUrl="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/1366529" +> ``` +> +> A group of people playing Dadu Putar (or a game very similar to it) in [Bengkulu,](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkulu) Sumatra (1910–1930). + {/* diff --git a/src/games/senet/senet.md b/src/games/senet/senet.md index 0c02bc9b..7f7b1d71 100644 --- a/src/games/senet/senet.md +++ b/src/games/senet/senet.md @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ date modified: 2024-12-22 In terms of longevity, Senet (𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏠) is possibly the most popular game of all time. -{%aside%} -The name of the game was usually written 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏠, but could also be spelled 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓈖𓇋𓏏𓐰𓆱, 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏕, 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏕𓐰𓂻, 𓊃𓐰𓏕𓐰𓈖𓏏𓐰𓏠, or 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏕𓐰𓈜𓐱𓏥.[@EgyptianHieroglyphicDictionary2 p. 604] -{%endaside%} +> [!aside] +> +> The name of the game was usually written 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏠, but could also be spelled 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓈖𓇋𓏏𓐰𓆱, 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏕, 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏕𓐰𓂻, 𓊃𓐰𓏕𓐰𓈖𓏏𓐰𓏠, or 𓊃𓐰𓈖𓐰𓏏𓏕𓐰𓈜𓐱𓏥.[@EgyptianHieroglyphicDictionary2 p. 604] https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA20935 @@ -33,22 +33,42 @@ Depiction from @TombOfHesy [pl. XI].{/*http://digital.library.yale.edu/digital/c

    -𓂋𓐰𓂝𓊵𓐰𓏏𓐱𓊪 rꜥ-ḥtp), who lived during the 4th Dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BCE), showing Senet listed alongside Mehen and Men. This is the first appearance of the name of the game in text.[@HistoricalDevelopmentSenet p. 1] - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="1514257001.jpg" alt="" license="cc-by-nc-sa" licenseVersion="4.0" originalUrl="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/1514257001" orgName="British Museum" +> ``` +> +> Inscription from the tomb of Rahotep (𓂋𓐰𓂝𓊵𓐰𓏏𓐱𓊪 rꜥ-ḥtp), who lived during the 4th Dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BCE), showing Senet listed alongside Mehen and Men. This is the first appearance of the name of the game in text.[@HistoricalDevelopmentSenet p. 1] + + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="cu31924028670465_0088.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Showing the original painted colours, from @Medum [pl. XIII]. -
    - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Nikauhor.jpg" license="cc0" alt="" position="aside" +> ``` +> +> Representation of the relief, from @ExcavationsAtSaqqara1907 [pl. LXIV]. + + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="D6n3F4iWwAIgNpL.jpg" alt="" license="with-permission" authorGiven="Walter" authorFamily="Crist" originalUrl="https://twitter.com/CuseKicks/status/1128706691825045510/photo/1" +> ``` +> +> Relief from the tomb of the overseer Nikauhor (𓎛𓐱𓐷𓁷𓐰𓂋𓐸𓈖𓐰𓂓𓂓𓐰𓂓 n(j)-kꜣ(w)-ḥr) in Saqqara (QS915, c. 2465–2389 BCE). The tomb is now located in The Met museum. -𓎛𓐱𓐷𓁷𓐰𓂋𓐸𓈖𓐰𓂓𓂓𓐰𓂓 n(j)-kꜣ(w)-ḥr) in Saqqara (QS915, c. 2465–2389 BCE). The tomb is now located in The Met museum. - See also @ExcavationsAtSaqqara1907 pl. LVIII, LIX for images of actual box @@ -61,27 +81,47 @@ Senet (at bottom next to depiction of Mehen); Fifth Dynasty (25th–24th centuri ### First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BCE) -III (𓅡𓈎𓐰𓏏𓆭 bꜣq.t) at Beni Hasan (BH15).[@BeniHasan pl. VII][^fn0] The two games on the right are probably Senet.[@AncientEgyptiansAtPlay] - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="bh15.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" size="wide" +> ``` +> +> Images from the tomb of Baqet III (𓅡𓈎𓐰𓏏𓆭 bꜣq.t) at Beni Hasan (BH15).[@BeniHasan pl. VII][^fn0] The two games on the right are probably Senet.[@AncientEgyptiansAtPlay] + [^fn0]: Georges Ifrah suggests that the leftmost figures are playing {% gameref morra %}, but this seems unlikely. -𓄡𓐰𓏏𓇋𓐱𓇋 ẖt.jj) at Beni Hasan (BH17).[@BeniHasan pl. XIII] The same games are depicted in reverse order.[@AncientEgyptiansAtPlay] - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="bh17.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" size="wide" +> ``` +> +> Images from the tomb of Khety (𓄡𓐰𓏏𓇋𓐱𓇋 ẖt.jj) at Beni Hasan (BH17).[@BeniHasan pl. XIII] The same games are depicted in reverse order.[@AncientEgyptiansAtPlay] + Khety was Baqet III’s son. ### New Kingdom (1550–1069 BCE) -𓄤𓇋𓏏𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏭 nfr.t-jrj), depicting her playing Senet, ca. 1279–1213 BCE. Tomb 66 in the Valley of the Queens (QV66). - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="extra-wide" src="33887936151_36d11aca22_o.jpg" alt="" license="cc-by-nc-nd" licenseVersion="2.0" copyrightYear=2017 author="kairoinfo4u" originalUrl="https://www.flickr.com/photos/manna4u/33887936151" +> ``` +> +> A painting from Queen Nefertari’s tomb (𓄤𓇋𓏏𓐰𓂋𓐰𓏭 nfr.t-jrj), depicting her playing Senet, ca. 1279–1213 BCE. Tomb 66 in the Valley of the Queens (QV66). + + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Nebenmaat_senet.jpg" alt="" license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Nebenmaat playing Senet with his wife, Mertesger, from his tomb in the village of Deir el Medina (TT219), same time period as the previous image. Image from @WreszinksiAtlas1 [p. 49]; this panel is now heavily damaged (see @RamessideQueensTombs). - ## General References diff --git a/src/games/shax/shax.md b/src/games/shax/shax.md index 46e0daf1..a5018868 100644 --- a/src/games/shax/shax.md +++ b/src/games/shax/shax.md @@ -43,14 +43,18 @@ As in other {%a mill-games,mill games %}, the aim of the game is to form a **mil ### Placement phase - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="right" noborder=true size="small" src='../../articles/families/mill-games/large_merels.svg' - alt=""> - Shax is played on the large mill board, without diagonals. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Shax is played on the large mill board, without diagonals. Players take turns playing one of their pieces on a vacant point of the board. Unlike Twelve Men’s Morris, completing a mill during this phase does not allow you to remove an opponent’s piece. diff --git a/src/games/sheded/sheded.md b/src/games/sheded/sheded.md index d1a8d8f3..1890b9db 100644 --- a/src/games/sheded/sheded.md +++ b/src/games/sheded/sheded.md @@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ originalTitle: ሸደድ countries: ET,ER --- - -Countries where the game is played. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="../../maps/Sheded.svg" alt="" +> ``` +> +> Countries where the game is played. This is a game from Ethiopia and Eritrea which involves throwing six or more two-sided sticks, that each have one side marked. Depending on how many marked diff --git a/src/games/sija/sija.md b/src/games/sija/sija.md index 859da321..ace66334 100644 --- a/src/games/sija/sija.md +++ b/src/games/sija/sija.md @@ -6,9 +6,14 @@ draft: true countries: EG --- - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="aside" src="Seega_1940s.jpg" alt="A photo of two men seated on the sand with a seega board and pieces between them. They are dressed in white clothes and children are watching them play." license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> Men playing Sīja in the 1940s. Image from @HarvardCamp. + {/* Copyright was never renewed, so this is public domain: https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/cinfo/archaeology diff --git a/src/games/sixteen-soldiers/sixteen-soldiers.md b/src/games/sixteen-soldiers/sixteen-soldiers.md index a307d75c..3538af94 100644 --- a/src/games/sixteen-soldiers/sixteen-soldiers.md +++ b/src/games/sixteen-soldiers/sixteen-soldiers.md @@ -37,9 +37,14 @@ class="noun">Kobayashi Eitaku (小林永濯 1843 ## Play - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="16_soldiers_setup.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> Initial setup of the board. + One player controls a single larger piece which is placed upon the central intersection of the board. The other player starts with 16 pieces placed on each @@ -74,9 +79,14 @@ Gahō in 1909. ## Sixteen Pursue the General - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="16_soldiers_chinese_setup.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> Initial setup of the Chinese board. + In China the game is called “Sixteen pursue the general” (十六趕將軍, Mandarin: Shí liù gǎn jiāng jūn, Cantonese: sap⁶ luk⁶ gon² zoeng¹ gwan¹).[@Himly p. 469][@CulinChess p. 874][^fn0] @@ -87,9 +97,14 @@ a slightly different board, with a different extension and 29 points. ## Water Drowns the Monk - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="water_drowns_monk.svg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> Initial setup of the Sichuan/Tibetan board. + This version, called “Water Drowns the Monk” (水淹和尚, Mandarin: Shuǐ yān héshàng) was reported to be played by shepherds in Sichuan and Tibet (which share a border). The “water” player has 15 pieces and the “monk” player has one. Entering the monk between two water pieces to remove them was termed “carrying water”. The goal of the water player was to drive the monk into the “monastery” extension and pin them there.[@DieFandse p. 168] @@ -97,7 +112,10 @@ This version, called “Water Drowns the Monk” ( [Yasasukari](games/yasasukari/yasasukari.md) was a possible predecessor of this game. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="wide" noborder=true src="SC86494.jpg" @@ -106,8 +124,7 @@ This version, called “Water Drowns the Monk” ( orgName="Museum of Fine Arts Boston" orgAbbr="MFA" originalUrl="https://collections.mfa.org/objects/421479/new-years-card-tiger-on-a-game-board" - identifier="2002.8925"> - -Japanese postcard for the year 1914 (a year of the tiger), with a game motif. - - + identifier="2002.8925" +> ``` +> +> Japanese postcard for the year 1914 (a year of the tiger), with a game motif. diff --git a/src/games/take-it-away/take-it-away.md b/src/games/take-it-away/take-it-away.md index 39e72e12..cfd1323e 100644 --- a/src/games/take-it-away/take-it-away.md +++ b/src/games/take-it-away/take-it-away.md @@ -27,11 +27,16 @@ To play you will need an 8×8 chess or checkerboard, and 64 coloured pieces Arrange the pieces randomly, one on each square of the board. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='take-it-away.svg' - alt="A board randomly filled with white, red, and blue pieces." %} - A sample initial configuration. - + alt="A board randomly filled with white, red, and blue pieces." +> ``` +> +> A sample initial configuration. + ### Game The first player starts the game by removing any white chip from the board and diff --git a/src/games/teeko/teeko.md b/src/games/teeko/teeko.md index 677dc560..8845dc30 100644 --- a/src/games/teeko/teeko.md +++ b/src/games/teeko/teeko.md @@ -29,12 +29,16 @@ Teeko is played with four pieces per player (usually in red and black), and a special board (although it can also be played on a standard chess/checkers board): - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true src="teeko.svg" - alt=""> -Teeko is played on the points of a 5×5 grid. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> Teeko is played on the points of a 5×5 grid. ## Play @@ -42,13 +46,18 @@ The aim of the game is to create a straight line of four pieces, along the horizontal, vertical, or diagonal lines on the board, or alternately, to form all four pieces into a square. There are 44 distinct winning positions. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> size="wide" noborder=true src="teeko-line.svg;teeko-vertline.svg;teeko-diag.svg;teeko-square.svg" - alt=";;;" %} -Examples of winning positions in Teeko. - + alt=";;;" +> ``` +> +> Examples of winning positions in Teeko. + In the placement phase of the game, players take turns putting one piece at a time onto any empty space on the board. If a player can make a line or square @@ -62,12 +71,17 @@ to another empty space. Whoever can first form a line or square wins. In Advanced Teeko, squares can also be made in “extended” form, with gaps between the pieces: - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true src="teeko-square-2.svg;teeko-square-3.svg;teeko-square-4.svg" - alt=";;" %} -Examples of extended squares in Advanced Teeko. - + alt=";;" +> ``` +> +> Examples of extended squares in Advanced Teeko. + In Advanced Teeko there are 58 distinct winning positions. diff --git a/src/games/tehonbiki/tehonbiki.md b/src/games/tehonbiki/tehonbiki.md index 7623578a..fd9b04ae 100644 --- a/src/games/tehonbiki/tehonbiki.md +++ b/src/games/tehonbiki/tehonbiki.md @@ -26,29 +26,59 @@ The goal of the game is for the players to guess the card which the dealer has c To play the game, three sets of cards are used: Cards for each player, numbered 1–6. These are called **hari­fuda** (張札 ‘spreading cards’), kaki­fuda (書札 ‘document cards’), or dai ichi roku (大一六 ‘big one-six’). There are two styles; the Ōsaka style has the odd numbers in red, whereas with the Kyōto style all the numbers are black. -harifuda produced by Nintendō. - -harifuda produced by Tamura Shogundō. - -harifuda produced by Tamura Shogundō, in the Ōsaka style. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Nintendo_Harifuda.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A set of harifuda produced by Nintendō. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="TS_Harifuda_1.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A set of harifuda produced by Tamura Shogundō. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="TS_Harifuda_2.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A set of harifuda produced by Tamura Shogundō, in the Ōsaka style. + Cards for the dealer, again numbered 1–6, but in a different pattern. These are called **hiki­fuda** (引札 ‘drawing cards’), kuri­fuda (繰札 ‘shuffling cards’), oya­fuda (親札 ‘house cards’), or mame­fuda (豆札 ‘bean cards’). The card with the number 4 on it is usually stamped with the manufacturer’s mark. Sometimes these are produced with the same images as on the harifuda, in which case they are called ko­hari (小張, ‘small hari’). -hikifuda produced by Nintendō. - -hikifuda produced by Tamura Shogundō. - -kohari produced by Tamura Shogundō. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="Nintendo_Hikifuda.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A set of hikifuda produced by Nintendō. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="TS_Hikifuda_2.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A set of hikifuda produced by Tamura Shogundō. + +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="TS_Hikifuda_1.jpg" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A set of kohari produced by Tamura Shogundō. + Finally, there are wooden blocks numbered 1–6 for the dealer to show recently chosen numbers. These are called mefuda (目札 ‘seeing cards’), memoku (目木 ‘seeing woods’), or meyasufuda (目安札 ‘easy-to-see cards’). diff --git a/src/games/tensho/tensho.md b/src/games/tensho/tensho.md index 6f6a5965..59eb0fb8 100644 --- a/src/games/tensho/tensho.md +++ b/src/games/tensho/tensho.md @@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ deck ordering and yaku that are not found in other ## History -{%aside%} -Special thanks must be given to Ryan Sartor and ‘Lilith’ from the Hanafuda Discord server who helped to figure this out! -{%endaside%} +> [!aside] +> +> Special thanks must be given to Ryan Sartor and ‘Lilith’ from the Hanafuda Discord server who helped to figure this out! An interesting thing about Tenshō is that it appears to have originally been a game played with a mekuri deck that was later transferred to the Hanafuda deck. diff --git a/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md b/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md index 746c8505..b6b175f6 100644 --- a/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md +++ b/src/games/three-card-game/three-card-game.md @@ -19,9 +19,13 @@ This page discusses variants of what — for lack of a better term — I

    {/* - -Countries where the game has been played. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> position="left" src="../../maps/OichoKabu.svg" alt="" +> ``` +> +> Countries where the game has been played. */} The earliest reference that I know of is that of Pān Zhīhéng (潘之恒, 1556–1622), a late Ming-era poet who mentioned the game 扯三章/扯三張[^fn0] (‘draw 3 cards’) in passing while describing the rules of the game 扯三章 (‘draw 5 cards’, for which, see the [Five Card](games/five-card/five-card.md) article). The rules are not explicitly given (he simply states 扯三張例俱如前 ‘drawing 3 cards: rules as above’ after a subsection of the 5-card rules), but it is clear from the context that the game is essentially the same as the more recent versions given below.[@XuYeziPu_2] Pān also describes the game being played for drinks:[@XuYeziPu_2 281] @@ -63,21 +67,30 @@ In Japan the game is usually played with special cards called hanafuda decks with only 10 months, called mushifuda. These lack the 6th & 7th months of the standard deck. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='../../articles/cards/japan/kabu-karuta/Shogundo_cards.jpg' - alt=""> -A full deck of forty Kabu cards produced by [Tamura Shōgundō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tamura-shogundo). - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> A full deck of forty Kabu cards produced by [Tamura Shōgundō](/articles/cards/japan/hanafuda/traditional-manufacturers/#tamura-shogundo). Possibly the game was originally called the ‘three card’ (三枚) game. ### Play - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="3card.png" alt="" noborder=true position="aside" license="cc0" originalUrl="https://iiif.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/repo/s/katei/document/cb3e601f-5df0-4433-bbae-723e214ef33c" - orgName="General Library in the University of Tokyo" %} -A three-card game being played in a picture that accompanies the story “A Man Coming to [Ponto”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto-ch%C5%8D) 「先斗（ぼんと）に置（をい）て来多（きた）男」 in the book Twenty Cases of Unfilial Children 本朝二十不孝 (1686) by [Ihara Saikaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihara_Saikaku) (井原西鶴, 1642—1693); the book is a parody of the Chinese classic [Twenty-Four Paragons of Filial Piety 二十四孝.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twenty-four_Filial_Exemplars) - + orgName="General Library in the University of Tokyo" +> ``` +> +> A three-card game being played in a picture that accompanies the story “A Man Coming to [Ponto”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto-ch%C5%8D) 「先斗（ぼんと）に置（をい）て来多（きた）男」 in the book Twenty Cases of Unfilial Children 本朝二十不孝 (1686) by [Ihara Saikaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihara_Saikaku) (井原西鶴, 1642—1693); the book is a parody of the Chinese classic [Twenty-Four Paragons of Filial Piety 二十四孝.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twenty-four_Filial_Exemplars) + Up to ten people can play the game (aside from the dealer). diff --git a/src/games/three-mens-morris/three-mens-morris.md b/src/games/three-mens-morris/three-mens-morris.md index d3e409e6..9ac4fee3 100644 --- a/src/games/three-mens-morris/three-mens-morris.md +++ b/src/games/three-mens-morris/three-mens-morris.md @@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ date modified: 2024-12-22 ## Play - -The game is played on the small mill board with diagonals. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> noborder=true position="aside" size="small" src="../mill-games/small_merels_with_diagonals.svg" alt="" +> ``` +> +> The game is played on the small mill board with diagonals. Each player has three pieces, in contrasting colours. The aim of the game is to arrange all of one’s pieces in a line, either horizontally, vertically or diagonally. The first player to do this wins. diff --git a/src/games/tic-tac-toe/tic-tac-toe.md b/src/games/tic-tac-toe/tic-tac-toe.md index 1cc92112..9caa73e5 100644 --- a/src/games/tic-tac-toe/tic-tac-toe.md +++ b/src/games/tic-tac-toe/tic-tac-toe.md @@ -248,12 +248,16 @@ This is another isomorphic variant invented by John Michon.[@TheGameOfJAM] It is If this is confusing, muse upon the following diagram: the red solid vertical line represents the middle cell of the Tic-Tac-Toe board; it crosses four points (winning lines). The four blue dashed lines are the corner cells, which cross three points (winning lines) each, and the four green dotted lines are the side-centre cells, which cross two points (winning lines) each. - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="jam.svg" noborder=true - alt=""> -The JAM board. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The JAM board. To play, players take turns claiming an entire line, which crosses several points. Once a player has claimed a line it may not be claimed by the other player. The first player that claims all three lines that pass through any single point wins the game. diff --git a/src/games/tri-hex/tri-hex.md b/src/games/tri-hex/tri-hex.md index 9ae0f248..b2fb8c39 100644 --- a/src/games/tri-hex/tri-hex.md +++ b/src/games/tri-hex/tri-hex.md @@ -9,12 +9,16 @@ Tri-Hex is a {%a mill-games,mill game%} that was invented by T. H. O’Beirne in ## Rules - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="tri-hex.svg" noborder=true - alt=""> -The Tri-Hex board. - + alt="" +> ``` +> +> The Tri-Hex board. Each player has four pieces, which are first (the placement phase) placed one at a time on the board. Once all the pieces are on the board, players take turns diff --git a/src/games/tribord-et-babord/tribord-et-babord.md b/src/games/tribord-et-babord/tribord-et-babord.md index c9dcdd99..a86c0c53 100644 --- a/src/games/tribord-et-babord/tribord-et-babord.md +++ b/src/games/tribord-et-babord/tribord-et-babord.md @@ -16,12 +16,17 @@ Port’) is a 19th-century dice gambling game for two players.

    Tribord et Bâbord is played using a board and a single die, and six tokens to mark the spaces on the board. The board contains six symbols, which are also printed on the die. These are similar to those used in the game of [Crown & Anchor](games/crown-and-anchor/crown-and-anchor.md). - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src='./TribordBoard.png' alt="A board with three symbols on each side. On the left side, labelled “port” in French, it has images of a club, an anchor, and a spade. On the right, labelled “starboard” in French, a diamond, a sun, and a heart." - license="cc0" %} -The board for Tribord et Bâbord - + license="cc0" +> ``` +> +> The board for Tribord et Bâbord + The game was published by the L. Saussine company of Paris in 1880 (printed by Roche and illustrated by one B. Coudert).[@BibliographieDeLaFrance69 p. 227] diff --git a/src/games/trou-madame/trou-madame.md b/src/games/trou-madame/trou-madame.md index c80482fa..a9537eeb 100644 --- a/src/games/trou-madame/trou-madame.md +++ b/src/games/trou-madame/trou-madame.md @@ -32,9 +32,14 @@ https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008510097/page/n325/mode/2up?q=%22my+ladies Nine Holes [@Strutt p. 340]. -This depicts the thirteen-hole version of the game, known in Italian as Trúcco.[@FlorioVocabolario] - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="DP862848.jpg" size="wide" alt="" originalUrl="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/744905" license="cc0" orgName="The Met museum" identifier="2016.360.6" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> A table-top game of Trou Madame, from @EnigmeJoyeuse [f. 8r].
    This depicts the thirteen-hole version of the game, known in Italian as Trúcco.[@FlorioVocabolario] + Players at the time were well aware of the double-entendres possible with such a name; the text accompanying the image in the book reads: diff --git a/src/games/under-seven-over-seven/under-seven-over-seven.md b/src/games/under-seven-over-seven/under-seven-over-seven.md index 325adda8..d050477b 100644 --- a/src/games/under-seven-over-seven/under-seven-over-seven.md +++ b/src/games/under-seven-over-seven/under-seven-over-seven.md @@ -20,9 +20,14 @@ two bets labelled ‘Under 7’ and ‘Over 7’, and two dice. To play, the players stake their bets on the bet that they choose, and the proprietor then rolls the two dice. The winning bet is paid out at 1∶1. If the proprietor rolls 7, then both bets lose. If paid out at 1∶1 then both bets are equivalent and have a high house edge of 16.67%. - +> [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="under_over_seven.png" alt="" noborder=true +> ``` +> +> An under/over seven staking layout, from @KernanCatalogue [p. 19]. + In some versions of the game, there is also a bet labelled ‘7’, which wins and pays out 3∶1 or 4∶1 if the proprietor rolls 7. The house edge on this bet at a 4∶1[@UndersAndOvers] payout is the same as the other bets; at 3∶1[@SharpsAndFlats p. 246] it is a huge 33.33%. diff --git a/src/games/yoote/yoote.md b/src/games/yoote/yoote.md index b87c6e71..7c086122 100644 --- a/src/games/yoote/yoote.md +++ b/src/games/yoote/yoote.md @@ -12,13 +12,17 @@ countries: SN Many existing sources use the spelling Yoté, which seems to be the French interpretation of the Wolof word. The o is long according to @VolofFrancais [379], @WolofFrancais [409], as well as in evidence from native speakers online. In Wolofal it is written يࣸوتࣺ (or in older orthography يࣸوتٜ) yóoté — see its appearance in the Poem of the First Màggal by the Wolof poet Serigne Mor Kayre (1869–1951).[@PoemFirstMaggal] - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="pic1980286.jpg" alt="A photo of a wooden board game made out of unpainted MDF, with a 6×5 board contained in a triangular-patterened border. There are white and black pieces in two shallow pockets on either side of the board, which can be folded in half to seal them shut. Behind is the box for the game, in a plain cardboard color with the name “Yoté” and the brand “Mitra”." originalUrl="https://boardgamegeek.com/image/1980286/yote" authorGiven="Fernando" authorFamily="Tsukumo" license="cc-by-nc" licenseVersion="3.0" noborder=true size="wide" -copyrightYear=2014 %} -A commercial version of the game, produced by [Mitra](https://www.mitrajogos.com.br/) of Brazil. - +copyrightYear=2014 +> ``` +> +> A commercial version of the game, produced by [Mitra](https://www.mitrajogos.com.br/) of Brazil. diff --git a/src/games/zuilu/zuilu.md b/src/games/zuilu/zuilu.md index 86952213..cb4b1145 100644 --- a/src/games/zuilu/zuilu.md +++ b/src/games/zuilu/zuilu.md @@ -14,14 +14,19 @@ mainImage: 52423713.jpg {/* excerpt */} - [!figure] +> +> ```yaml +> src="52423713.jpg" alt="Pages from a book with four diagrams of dice rolls in pictorial form and Chinese writing around each diagram indicating the name and outcome of the roll." size="wide" license="cc0" orgName="Harvard University" originalUrl="https://nrs.lib.harvard.edu/urn-3:fhcl:23410787?n=27" - %} -Diagrams from the instruction manual. - + +> ``` +> +> Diagrams from the instruction manual. + Rules for the game appear in the book 醉緑圖 Drunken Green Diagrams by a 張光 Zhāng Guāng, and this work is included in [the 1646 edition](https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/chinese-rare-books/catalog/49-990067678380203941) of the 說郛 [Shuōfú](http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Diverse/shuofu.html) collection, first compiled during the Ming period (1368–1644).[@ZuiLu] This (very short) instructional text is available transcribed on [WikiSource](https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%AA%AC%E9%83%9B_(%E5%9B%9B%E5%BA%AB%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC)/%E5%8D%B7102#%E9%86%89%E7%B7%91%E5%9C%96):