namedtuple_dataclass.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# NamedTuple\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.namedtuple\n",
    "\n",
    "As simple as tuple, but with better readability."
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Tuple**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "(1, 2)"
     },
     "execution_count": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from typing import ClassVar\n",
    "x=1\n",
    "y=2\n",
    "point=(x,y)\n",
    "point"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "1"
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point[0]"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "2"
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point[1]"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**NamedTuple**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=1, y=2)"
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from collections import namedtuple\n",
    "Point=namedtuple(\"Point\",\"x,y\", defaults=[-1,-2])\n",
    "\n",
    "x=1\n",
    "y=2\n",
    "point=Point(x,y)\n",
    "point"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "1"
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point.x"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "2"
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point.y"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "1"
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point[0]"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "2"
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point[1]"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "can't set attribute",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mAttributeError\u001B[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/3515126783.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 1\u001B[1;33m \u001B[0mpoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m.\u001B[0m\u001B[0my\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[1;36m5\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      2\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mAttributeError\u001B[0m: can't set attribute"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point.y = 5"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'int' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/1679059828.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 1\u001B[1;33m \u001B[0my\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m[\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m]\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[1;36m5\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      2\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: 'int' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y[1] = 5"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Useful helper functions**  \n",
    "(namedtuple methods start with single underscore. They are not private.)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=5, y=2)"
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point._replace(x=5)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "{'x': 1, 'y': 2}"
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point._asdict()"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "('x', 'y')"
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point._fields"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "{'x': -1, 'y': -2}"
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point._field_defaults"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=-1, y=-2)"
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Point()"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "# Dataclass\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html  \n",
    "https://pyvideo.org/pycon-us-2018/dataclasses-the-code-generator-to-end-all-code-generators.html  \n",
    "Not a replacement for namedtuple. Code generator to reduce common boilerplate.\n",
    "\n",
    "Can be customized in many ways to do what we want.\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=1, y=2)"
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from dataclasses import dataclass, field\n",
    "\n",
    "@dataclass\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int\n",
    "    y: int\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(1,2)\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=-1, y=6)"
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = -1\n",
    "    y: int = -2\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(y=6)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=1)"
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6, repr=False) # Will not be in autogenerated repr\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(1,2)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "2"
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Point(1,2).y"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "<__main__.Point at 0x2707a3508b0>"
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass(repr=False) # Does not generate repr, so the dataclass inherits objects default repr\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(1,2)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "Point() takes no arguments",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/3259055045.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      4\u001B[0m     \u001B[0my\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m \u001B[0mint\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[0mfield\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0mdefault\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m-\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m6\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      5\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 6\u001B[1;33m \u001B[0mPoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m2\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      7\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: Point() takes no arguments"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass(init=False) # __init__ method will not be generated\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(1,2)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Point(x=0, y=-6)"
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point= Point()\n",
    "point.x = 0\n",
    "point"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Dataclasses in sets**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unhashable type: 'Point'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/3997378597.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      4\u001B[0m     \u001B[0my\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m \u001B[0mint\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[0mfield\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0mdefault\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m-\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m6\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      5\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 6\u001B[1;33m \u001B[1;33m{\u001B[0m\u001B[0mPoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m2\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m \u001B[0mPoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m}\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      7\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: unhashable type: 'Point'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "{Point(1,2), Point(1,1)}"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "point= Point(1,2)\n",
    "point.x = 6"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "{FrozenPoint(x=1, y=1), FrozenPoint(x=1, y=2)}"
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass(frozen=True)\n",
    "class FrozenPoint:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "{FrozenPoint(1,2), FrozenPoint(1,1)}\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "{FrozenPoint(x=1, y=1)}"
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{FrozenPoint(1,1), FrozenPoint(1,1)}"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "FrozenInstanceError",
     "evalue": "cannot assign to field 'x'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mFrozenInstanceError\u001B[0m                       Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/4049777216.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      1\u001B[0m \u001B[0mpoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[0mFrozenPoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m2\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 2\u001B[1;33m \u001B[0mpoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m.\u001B[0m\u001B[0mx\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[1;36m6\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      3\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m<string>\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m__setattr__\u001B[1;34m(self, name, value)\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mFrozenInstanceError\u001B[0m: cannot assign to field 'x'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "point= FrozenPoint(1,2)\n",
    "point.x = 6"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "{HashablePoint(x=1, y=1), HashablePoint(x=1, y=2)}"
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass(unsafe_hash=True)\n",
    "class HashablePoint:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "{HashablePoint(1,1), HashablePoint(1,2)}"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "{HashablePoint(x=1, y=1)}"
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass(unsafe_hash=True)\n",
    "class HashablePoint:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6, compare=False)\n",
    "\n",
    "{HashablePoint(1,1), HashablePoint(1,2)}"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "point= HashablePoint(1,2)\n",
    "point.x = 6"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Dataclasses in comparisons**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "True"
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(1,2) == Point(1,2)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "True"
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Point:\n",
    "    x: int = field(default=-1, compare=False)\n",
    "    y: int = field(default=-6)\n",
    "\n",
    "Point(666, 2) == Point(1,2)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "False"
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Point(1,666) == Point(1,2)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "unhashable type: 'Point'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/1348567463.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 1\u001B[1;33m \u001B[1;33m{\u001B[0m\u001B[0mPoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m666\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m \u001B[1;36m2\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m \u001B[0mPoint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m1\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;36m2\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m}\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      2\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: unhashable type: 'Point'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "{Point(666, 2), Point(1,2)}"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Mutable default arguments**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1.a=[], a2.a=[]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class A:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, a = []):\n",
    "        self.a = a\n",
    "\n",
    "a1=A()\n",
    "a2=A()\n",
    "print(f\"{a1.a=}, {a2.a=}\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1.a=[5], a2.a=[5]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a1.a.append(5)\n",
    "print(f\"{a1.a=}, {a2.a=}\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1.a=[5, 6], a2.a=[5, 6]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a2.a.append(6)\n",
    "print(f\"{a1.a=}, {a2.a=}\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1.a=[], a2.a=[]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class A:\n",
    "    a: list = field(default_factory=list)\n",
    "    b: list = field(default_factory=lambda: [1])\n",
    "\n",
    "a1=A()\n",
    "a2=A()\n",
    "print(f\"{a1.a=}, {a2.a=}\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1.a=[5], a2.a=[]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a1.a.append(5)\n",
    "print(f\"{a1.a=}, {a2.a=}\")"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a1.b=[1, 5], a2.b=[1]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a1.b.append(5)\n",
    "print(f\"{a1.b=}, {a2.b=}\")\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Inheritance**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Child(a=0, b=666)"
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Base:\n",
    "    a: int = 0\n",
    "    b: int = 1\n",
    "\n",
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Child(Base):\n",
    "    b: int = 666\n",
    "\n",
    "Child()"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Inheritance and default values!**\n",
    "https://medium.com/@aniscampos/python-dataclass-inheritance-finally-686eaf60fbb5"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "non-default argument 'b' follows default argument",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/2632213307.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      1\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m@\u001B[0m\u001B[0mdataclass\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 2\u001B[1;33m \u001B[1;32mclass\u001B[0m \u001B[0mBase\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      3\u001B[0m     \u001B[0ma\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m \u001B[0mint\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[1;36m0\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      4\u001B[0m     \u001B[0mb\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m \u001B[0mint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      5\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\dataclasses.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36mwrap\u001B[1;34m(cls)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1167\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1168\u001B[0m     \u001B[1;32mdef\u001B[0m \u001B[0mwrap\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0mcls\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1169\u001B[1;33m         return _process_class(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash,\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m   1170\u001B[0m                               frozen, match_args, kw_only, slots)\n\u001B[0;32m   1171\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\dataclasses.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m_process_class\u001B[1;34m(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash, frozen, match_args, kw_only, slots)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1017\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1018\u001B[0m         _set_new_attribute(cls, '__init__',\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1019\u001B[1;33m                            _init_fn(all_init_fields,\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m   1020\u001B[0m                                     \u001B[0mstd_init_fields\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1021\u001B[0m                                     \u001B[0mkw_only_init_fields\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\dataclasses.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m_init_fn\u001B[1;34m(fields, std_fields, kw_only_fields, frozen, has_post_init, self_name, globals)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    538\u001B[0m                 \u001B[0mseen_default\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[1;32mTrue\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    539\u001B[0m             \u001B[1;32melif\u001B[0m \u001B[0mseen_default\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m--> 540\u001B[1;33m                 raise TypeError(f'non-default argument {f.name!r} '\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m    541\u001B[0m                                 'follows default argument')\n\u001B[0;32m    542\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: non-default argument 'b' follows default argument"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Base:\n",
    "    a: int = 0\n",
    "    b: int"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Base:\n",
    "    a: int\n",
    "    b: int = 0"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "non-default argument 'c' follows default argument",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001B[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001B[0m",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001B[1;32mC:\\Users\\PIJUKA~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp/ipykernel_12184/804679302.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m<module>\u001B[1;34m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      1\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m@\u001B[0m\u001B[0mdataclass\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m----> 2\u001B[1;33m \u001B[1;32mclass\u001B[0m \u001B[0mChild\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0mBase\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m      3\u001B[0m     \u001B[0mc\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m \u001B[0mint\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      4\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m      5\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\dataclasses.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36mwrap\u001B[1;34m(cls)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1167\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1168\u001B[0m     \u001B[1;32mdef\u001B[0m \u001B[0mwrap\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m(\u001B[0m\u001B[0mcls\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m)\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1169\u001B[1;33m         return _process_class(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash,\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m   1170\u001B[0m                               frozen, match_args, kw_only, slots)\n\u001B[0;32m   1171\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\dataclasses.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m_process_class\u001B[1;34m(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash, frozen, match_args, kw_only, slots)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1017\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1018\u001B[0m         _set_new_attribute(cls, '__init__',\n\u001B[1;32m-> 1019\u001B[1;33m                            _init_fn(all_init_fields,\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m   1020\u001B[0m                                     \u001B[0mstd_init_fields\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m   1021\u001B[0m                                     \u001B[0mkw_only_init_fields\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m,\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;32m~\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\dataclasses.py\u001B[0m in \u001B[0;36m_init_fn\u001B[1;34m(fields, std_fields, kw_only_fields, frozen, has_post_init, self_name, globals)\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    538\u001B[0m                 \u001B[0mseen_default\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m=\u001B[0m \u001B[1;32mTrue\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[0;32m    539\u001B[0m             \u001B[1;32melif\u001B[0m \u001B[0mseen_default\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m:\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n\u001B[1;32m--> 540\u001B[1;33m                 raise TypeError(f'non-default argument {f.name!r} '\n\u001B[0m\u001B[0;32m    541\u001B[0m                                 'follows default argument')\n\u001B[0;32m    542\u001B[0m \u001B[1;33m\u001B[0m\u001B[0m\n",
      "\u001B[1;31mTypeError\u001B[0m: non-default argument 'c' follows default argument"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass()\n",
    "class Child(Base):\n",
    "    c: int\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**(kw_only in Python 3.10)**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": "Child(a=1, b=0, c=5)"
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass(kw_only=True)\n",
    "class Child(Base):\n",
    "    c: int\n",
    "\n",
    "Child(a=1,c=5)"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "source": [
    "**Class variable in dataclass**"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   }
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "my_dataclass1.class_var=0, my_dataclass2.class_var=0\n",
      "my_dataclass1.class_var=5, my_dataclass2.class_var=5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "@dataclass\n",
    "class SomeDataclass:\n",
    "    class_var: ClassVar[int] = 0\n",
    "    normal_var: int = 0\n",
    "\n",
    "my_dataclass1 =SomeDataclass()\n",
    "my_dataclass2 =SomeDataclass()\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"{my_dataclass1.class_var=}, {my_dataclass2.class_var=}\")\n",
    "\n",
    "SomeDataclass.class_var = 5\n",
    "print(f\"{my_dataclass1.class_var=}, {my_dataclass2.class_var=}\")\n"
   ],
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
    "pycharm": {
     "name": "#%%\n"
    }
   }
  }
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